Evaluation of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles in the Power Grid—A Study for the Island of Maio in Cape Verde

This paper presents an evaluation of the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) in an electrical power grid. The main contribution is the control analysis of the power quality considering simultaneous battery charging processes. The methodology used can be applied to any known power grid; however, it was considered the case of the island of Maio, in Cape Verde, in continuation of previous works concerning that power grid. Two commercial different types of battery chargers were considered: a traditional model with highly distorted current consumption (that causes distortion in the power grid voltage), and another with almost sinusoidal current consumption. Considering simultaneous battery charging processes, it can be concluded that the power grid structure (composed by three medium voltage branches) with the current power demands of the consumers of the island of Maio have a potential integration for 300 EVs if battery chargers with almost sinusoidal current consumption are used, i.e., 152 for the first medium voltage branch, 35 for the second branch, and 113 for the third branch. Moreover, the results show that the first medium voltage branch of the distribution system, which has the capability to support the integration of 152 EVs if the battery chargers have sinusoidal current consumption (presenting a maximum value of THD_v % in the power grid voltage of 1.8 %), only can support 27 EVs if are used traditional battery chargers, with highly distorted current consumption (considering a maximum THD_v % of 5 %).