1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Study Design
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RQ1. How are the test cases created, especially with relation to the requirements? How many defect categories does an organization use?
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RQ2. Which testing techniques do organizations employ? Are there any factors that affect the techniques used, such as the years of experience of the practitioner or the software lifecycle model used?
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RQ3. Are combinations of smoke and regression testing before the system goes to production usual? Do they provide better results in terms of defects detected by the customer?
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Demographics
4.2 RQ1. Test Cases and Defects Categorization
4.3 RQ2. Testing Techniques and Relevant Factors
Categories | Use percentage | Categories | Use percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Critical, Highest/High, Medium | 25.9% | Highest/High, Medium, Low | 3.2% |
Critical, Highest | 23.9% | Critical/Highest/High | 2% |
Critical/Highest, High | 15.9% | Critical, High, Medium, Low | 1.6% |
Critical/Highest/High, Medium | 14.3% | Critical, Highest, High, Medium, Low | 1.6% |
Highest, High, Medium | 5.6% | Medium | 0.8% |
Critical, Highest, High | 4.8% | Critical, High, Medium, Low, Block | 0.4% |
Experience (years) | Regression testing | Smoke testing | System testing | Automation testing | Performance testing | Usability testing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–3 | 47.5% | 67.5% | 20% | 52.5% | 42.5% | 60% |
3–5 | 51.7% | 41.4% | 37.9% | 55.2% | 65.5% | 27.6% |
5–10 | 26.8% | 70.1% | 2.4% | 48% | 35.4% | 20.5% |
>10 | 86.3% | 17.6% | 11.8% | 82.4% | 33.3% | 25.5% |
4.4 RQ3. Combination of Smoke and Regression Testing Before Production
4.5 Industrial Use Case
Testing technique | N | Mean | Std. dev. |
---|---|---|---|
Smoke testing only | 16 | 263.81 | 90.385 |
Smoke and regression testing | 5 | 55.2 | 13.989 |
4.6 Limitations
5 Conclusions
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Not many organizations are using requirements to create their test cases. 39.7% of participants are using half of the requirements, but as revealed also via the interviews the test cases are restricted to testing positive paths that may not provide the optimal results, as negative paths are neglected.
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Most organizations are using three levels to categorize defects but there is still a large number of organizations not giving appropriate importance to using more than one levels for the defects.
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In terms of testing techniques, various are being used in different phases of the development process. Ad-hoc testing is used by the majority of participants (52.8%), although it is usually not the only technique used. Some important types of testing, such as security testing and stress testing, appear to be less common (used by 14.7% and 8.3% of participants respectively).
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The choice of some testing techniques is affected by the years of experience of the expert or by the lifecycle model used, but since the participants number in each category is relatively small the observations drawn about these factors cannot be regarded conclusive.
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The combined use of smoke and regression testing can have a positive influence on the decrease of the number of defects detected by the customer and one main take-away message for organizations is to introduce this combination in their testing process by the QA team.