Skip to main content
Top

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Feature Extraction

Author : Prashan Premaratne

Published in: Human Computer Interaction Using Hand Gestures

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

An image is worth 1,000 words. Yet, a machine to describe a picture or a color image is not trivial. Of course, some measurements can easily be estimated such as different colors, their intensities, size and dimensions of certain objects if the object can be specified. Yet, the most difficult aspect is to make the decisions as to what constitute an object. In a scene consisting of hand gesture or gestures and a cluttered background, difficulty lies in interpreting these items. Perhaps, the hand gesture recognition offers some help compared to other problems as skin detection can be used to define a hand as was discussed under Pre-processing in Chap. 3. Yet, even when a hand is detected and isolated, what configuration the hand shows is again a difficult question to address.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
2.
go back to reference Granlund, G.H.: Fourier preprocessing for hand print character recognition. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-21, 195–201 (1972)CrossRefMathSciNet Granlund, G.H.: Fourier preprocessing for hand print character recognition. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-21, 195–201 (1972)CrossRefMathSciNet
3.
go back to reference Betrand, O., Queval, R., Maître, H.: Shape interpolation by Fourier descriptors with application to animation graphics. Signal Process. Chapter 4, 53–58 (1981)CrossRef Betrand, O., Queval, R., Maître, H.: Shape interpolation by Fourier descriptors with application to animation graphics. Signal Process. Chapter 4, 53–58 (1981)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Persoon, E., Fu, K.: Shape discrimination using Fourier descriptors. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 7(3), 170–179 (1977)CrossRefMathSciNet Persoon, E., Fu, K.: Shape discrimination using Fourier descriptors. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 7(3), 170–179 (1977)CrossRefMathSciNet
5.
go back to reference Zhang, D., Lu, G.: Shape-based image retrieval using generic Fourier descriptor. Signal Process. Image Commun. 17(10), 825–848 (2002)CrossRef Zhang, D., Lu, G.: Shape-based image retrieval using generic Fourier descriptor. Signal Process. Image Commun. 17(10), 825–848 (2002)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Bober, M.: MPEG-7 visual shape descriptors. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11(6), 716–719 (2001)CrossRef Bober, M.: MPEG-7 visual shape descriptors. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11(6), 716–719 (2001)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Zhang, D., Lu, G: Generic Fourier descriptor for shape-based image retrieval. International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 425–428 (2002) Zhang, D., Lu, G: Generic Fourier descriptor for shape-based image retrieval. International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 425–428 (2002)
8.
go back to reference Lin, C.S., Hwang, C.L.: New forms of shape invariants from elliptic Fourier descriptors. Pattern Recognit. 20(5), 535–545 (1987)CrossRef Lin, C.S., Hwang, C.L.: New forms of shape invariants from elliptic Fourier descriptors. Pattern Recognit. 20(5), 535–545 (1987)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Lin, C.S., Jungthirapanich, C.: Invariants of three-dimensional contours. Pattern Recognit 23(8), 833–842 (1990)CrossRef Lin, C.S., Jungthirapanich, C.: Invariants of three-dimensional contours. Pattern Recognit 23(8), 833–842 (1990)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Harding, P.R.G., Ellis, T.J.: Recognizing hand gesture using Fourier descriptors. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004) 4, (2004) Harding, P.R.G., Ellis, T.J.: Recognizing hand gesture using Fourier descriptors. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004) 4, (2004)
11.
go back to reference Conseil, S., Bourennane, S., Martin, L.: Comparison of Fourier descriptors and Hu moments for hand posture recognition. European Signal Processing Conference, (2007) Conseil, S., Bourennane, S., Martin, L.: Comparison of Fourier descriptors and Hu moments for hand posture recognition. European Signal Processing Conference, (2007)
13.
go back to reference Utsumi, A., Miyasato, T., Kishino, F.: Multi-camera hand pose recognition system using skeleton image. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, 219–224 (1995) Utsumi, A., Miyasato, T., Kishino, F.: Multi-camera hand pose recognition system using skeleton image. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, 219–224 (1995)
14.
go back to reference Licsár, A., Szirányi, T.: Dynamic training of hand gesture recognition system. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition vol. 4, (2004) Licsár, A., Szirányi, T.: Dynamic training of hand gesture recognition system. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition vol. 4, (2004)
15.
go back to reference Rui, Y., She, A., Huang, T.S.: A modified Fourier descriptor for shape matching in MARS. Image Databases and Multimedia Search, 165–180 (1998) Rui, Y., She, A., Huang, T.S.: A modified Fourier descriptor for shape matching in MARS. Image Databases and Multimedia Search, 165–180 (1998)
16.
go back to reference Ng, C.W., Ranganath, S.: Real-time gesture recognition system and application. Image Vis. Comput. 20, 993–1007 (2002)CrossRef Ng, C.W., Ranganath, S.: Real-time gesture recognition system and application. Image Vis. Comput. 20, 993–1007 (2002)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chen, F.S., Fu, C.M., Huang, C.L.: Hand gesture recognition using a real-time tracking method and hidden Markov models. Image Vis. Comput. 21, 745–758 (2003)CrossRef Chen, F.S., Fu, C.M., Huang, C.L.: Hand gesture recognition using a real-time tracking method and hidden Markov models. Image Vis. Comput. 21, 745–758 (2003)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Malima, A., Ozgur, E., Cetin, M.: A fast algorithm for vision-based hand gesture recognition for robot control. IEEE 14th Signal Processing and Communications Applications, (2006) Malima, A., Ozgur, E., Cetin, M.: A fast algorithm for vision-based hand gesture recognition for robot control. IEEE 14th Signal Processing and Communications Applications, (2006)
19.
go back to reference Hasan, M.M., Mishra, P.K.: HSV brightness factor matching for gesture recognition system. Int. J. Image Process. (IJIP). 4(5), 456–467 (2010) Hasan, M.M., Mishra, P.K.: HSV brightness factor matching for gesture recognition system. Int. J. Image Process. (IJIP). 4(5), 456–467 (2010)
20.
go back to reference Li, X.: Gesture recognition based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. Department of Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (2003) Li, X.: Gesture recognition based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. Department of Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (2003)
21.
go back to reference Wachs, J., Kartoun, U., Stern, H., Edan, Y.: Real-time hand gesture telerobotic system. Proceedings of WAC, Florida (2002) Wachs, J., Kartoun, U., Stern, H., Edan, Y.: Real-time hand gesture telerobotic system. Proceedings of WAC, Florida (2002)
22.
go back to reference Segen, J., Kumar, S.: Fast and accurate 3d gesture recognition interface. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, 86 (1998) Segen, J., Kumar, S.: Fast and accurate 3d gesture recognition interface. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, 86 (1998)
23.
go back to reference Chang, C.C., Chen, I.-Y, Huang, Y.-S.: Hand pose recognition using curvature scale space. IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (2002) Chang, C.C., Chen, I.-Y, Huang, Y.-S.: Hand pose recognition using curvature scale space. IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (2002)
24.
go back to reference Mokhtarian, F., Mackworth, A.K.: Scale-based description and recognition of planar curves and two dimensional shapes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. PAMI-8(1), 34–43 (1986)CrossRef Mokhtarian, F., Mackworth, A.K.: Scale-based description and recognition of planar curves and two dimensional shapes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. PAMI-8(1), 34–43 (1986)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Mokhtarian, F., Mackworth, A.K.: A theory of multiscale, curvature-based shape representation for planar curves. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 14(8), 789–805 (1992)CrossRef Mokhtarian, F., Mackworth, A.K.: A theory of multiscale, curvature-based shape representation for planar curves. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 14(8), 789–805 (1992)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Singha, J., Das, K.: Hand gesture recognition based on Karhunen–Loeve transform. Mobile & Embedded Technology International Conference 2013, pp. 365–371 (2013) Singha, J., Das, K.: Hand gesture recognition based on Karhunen–Loeve transform. Mobile & Embedded Technology International Conference 2013, pp. 365–371 (2013)
27.
go back to reference Dalal, D., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2, (2005) Dalal, D., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2, (2005)
28.
go back to reference Suard, F., Rakotomamonjy, A., Bensrhair, A., Broggi, A.: Pedestrian detection using infrared images and histograms of oriented gradients. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 206–212 (2006) Suard, F., Rakotomamonjy, A., Bensrhair, A., Broggi, A.: Pedestrian detection using infrared images and histograms of oriented gradients. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 206–212 (2006)
29.
go back to reference Bineesh, T.R., Simon, S.: Fast pedestrian detection using smart ROI separation and integral image based feature extraction. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 4(11), 1771–1779 (2012) Bineesh, T.R., Simon, S.: Fast pedestrian detection using smart ROI separation and integral image based feature extraction. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 4(11), 1771–1779 (2012)
30.
go back to reference Zhu, Q., Avidan, S., Yeh, M., Cheng, K.: Fast human detection using a cascade of histograms of oriented gradients. CVPR (2006) Zhu, Q., Avidan, S., Yeh, M., Cheng, K.: Fast human detection using a cascade of histograms of oriented gradients. CVPR (2006)
31.
go back to reference Hu, B., Wang, S., Ding, X.: Pedestrian detection based on hybrid features. Second International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, 321–325 (2008) Hu, B., Wang, S., Ding, X.: Pedestrian detection based on hybrid features. Second International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, 321–325 (2008)
32.
go back to reference Shashua, A., Gdalyahu, Y., Hayon, G.: Pedestrian detection for driving assistance systems: Single-frame classification and system level performance. Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (2004) Shashua, A., Gdalyahu, Y., Hayon, G.: Pedestrian detection for driving assistance systems: Single-frame classification and system level performance. Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (2004)
33.
go back to reference Freeman, W., Roth, M.: Orientation histograms for hand gesture recognition. Mitsubishi Research Laboratory Report (1994) Freeman, W., Roth, M.: Orientation histograms for hand gesture recognition. Mitsubishi Research Laboratory Report (1994)
34.
go back to reference Zhou, H., Lin, D.J., Huang, T.S.: Static hand gesture recognition based on local orientation histogram feature distribution model. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW’04) (2004) Zhou, H., Lin, D.J., Huang, T.S.: Static hand gesture recognition based on local orientation histogram feature distribution model. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW’04) (2004)
35.
go back to reference Messer, T.: Static hand gesture recognition. University of Fribourg, Switzerland, (2009) Messer, T.: Static hand gesture recognition. University of Fribourg, Switzerland, (2009)
36.
go back to reference Misra, A., Okatani, T., Deguchi, K.: Hand gesture recognition using histogram of oriented gradients and partial least squares regression. MVA2011 IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, 479–482 (2011) Misra, A., Okatani, T., Deguchi, K.: Hand gesture recognition using histogram of oriented gradients and partial least squares regression. MVA2011 IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, 479–482 (2011)
37.
go back to reference Freeman, W.T., Roth, M.: Orientation histograms for hand gesture recognition. Intl. Workshop on Automatic Face- and Gesture- Recognition, IEEE Computer Society, Zurich, Switzerland, 296–300 (1995) Freeman, W.T., Roth, M.: Orientation histograms for hand gesture recognition. Intl. Workshop on Automatic Face- and Gesture- Recognition, IEEE Computer Society, Zurich, Switzerland, 296–300 (1995)
38.
go back to reference Lee, H.-J., Chung, J.-H.: Hand gesture recognition using orientation histogram. Proc. IEEE Region 10 Conf. 2, 1355–1358 (1999) Lee, H.-J., Chung, J.-H.: Hand gesture recognition using orientation histogram. Proc. IEEE Region 10 Conf. 2, 1355–1358 (1999)
39.
go back to reference Tartter, V.C., Knowlton, K.C.: Perception of sign language from an array of 27 moving spots. Nature 289, 676–678 (1981)CrossRef Tartter, V.C., Knowlton, K.C.: Perception of sign language from an array of 27 moving spots. Nature 289, 676–678 (1981)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Fukumoto, M., Mase, K., Suenaga, Y.: Real time detection of pointing actions for a glove free interface. Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Tokyo, (1992) Fukumoto, M., Mase, K., Suenaga, Y.: Real time detection of pointing actions for a glove free interface. Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Tokyo, (1992)
41.
go back to reference Wold, H.: Partial least squares. In: Kotz S., Johnson, N. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 6, John Wiley: New York, pp. 581–591. (1985) Wold, H.: Partial least squares. In: Kotz S., Johnson, N. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 6, John Wiley: New York, pp. 581–591. (1985)
42.
go back to reference Schwartz, W.R., Kembhavi, A., Harwood, D., Davis, L.S.: Human detection using partial least squares analysis. Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on, (2009) Schwartz, W.R., Kembhavi, A., Harwood, D., Davis, L.S.: Human detection using partial least squares analysis. Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on, (2009)
43.
go back to reference Zernike, F.: Beugungstheorie des Schneidenverfahrens und Seiner Verbesserten Form, der Phasenkontrastmethode. Physica 1(8), 689–704 (1934)CrossRefMATH Zernike, F.: Beugungstheorie des Schneidenverfahrens und Seiner Verbesserten Form, der Phasenkontrastmethode. Physica 1(8), 689–704 (1934)CrossRefMATH
44.
go back to reference Hu, M. K.: Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants. IRE Trans. Inf. Theory 8(2), 179–187 (1962)CrossRefMATH Hu, M. K.: Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants. IRE Trans. Inf. Theory 8(2), 179–187 (1962)CrossRefMATH
46.
go back to reference Khotanzad, A., Hong, Y. H.: Invariant image recognition by zernike moments. IEEE 12(5), 489–497 (1990) Khotanzad, A., Hong, Y. H.: Invariant image recognition by zernike moments. IEEE 12(5), 489–497 (1990)
48.
go back to reference Zhongliang, Q., Wenjun, W.: Automatic ship classification by superstructure moment invariants and two-stage classifier. ICCS/ISITA ‘92. ‘Communications on the Move’, 544–547 (1992) Zhongliang, Q., Wenjun, W.: Automatic ship classification by superstructure moment invariants and two-stage classifier. ICCS/ISITA ‘92. ‘Communications on the Move’, 544–547 (1992)
49.
50.
go back to reference Dudani, S.A., Breeding, K.J., McGhee, R.B.: Aircraft identification by moment invariants. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-26(1), 39–46 (1977)CrossRef Dudani, S.A., Breeding, K.J., McGhee, R.B.: Aircraft identification by moment invariants. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-26(1), 39–46 (1977)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Sluzek, A.: Using moment invariants to recognize and locate partially occluded 2D objects. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 7(4), 253–257 (1988)CrossRef Sluzek, A.: Using moment invariants to recognize and locate partially occluded 2D objects. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 7(4), 253–257 (1988)CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Gilmore, J.F., Boyd, W.W.: Building and bridge classification by invariant moments. SPIE 292, pp. 256–263 (1981) Gilmore, J.F., Boyd, W.W.: Building and bridge classification by invariant moments. SPIE 292, pp. 256–263 (1981)
53.
go back to reference Wong, R.Y., Hall, E.L.: Scene matching with invariant moments. Comput. Graphics Image Process. 8, 16–24 (1978)CrossRef Wong, R.Y., Hall, E.L.: Scene matching with invariant moments. Comput. Graphics Image Process. 8, 16–24 (1978)CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Smith, F.W., Wright, M.H.: Automatic ship photo interpretation by the method of moments. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-20, 1089–1095 (1971)CrossRef Smith, F.W., Wright, M.H.: Automatic ship photo interpretation by the method of moments. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-20, 1089–1095 (1971)CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Boyce, J.F., Hossack, W.J.: Moment invariants for pattern recognition. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 1(5, 6), 451–456 (1983)CrossRef Boyce, J.F., Hossack, W.J.: Moment invariants for pattern recognition. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 1(5, 6), 451–456 (1983)CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Yin, B.H., Mack, H.: Target classification algorithms for video and FLIR imagery. SPIE 0302, pp. 134–141 (1981) Yin, B.H., Mack, H.: Target classification algorithms for video and FLIR imagery. SPIE 0302, pp. 134–141 (1981)
57.
go back to reference Premaratne, P., Safaei, F., Nguyen, Q.: Moment invariant based control system using hand gestures: Book intelligent computing in signal processing and pattern recognition. Book Series Lect. Notes Control Inf. Sci 345, 322–333 (2006) Premaratne, P., Safaei, F., Nguyen, Q.: Moment invariant based control system using hand gestures: Book intelligent computing in signal processing and pattern recognition. Book Series Lect. Notes Control Inf. Sci 345, 322–333 (2006)
Metadata
Title
Feature Extraction
Author
Prashan Premaratne
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-69-9_4

Premium Partner