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Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics 11/2023

01-11-2023

Femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of push–pull chromopohores using Z-scan technique: experimental and computational studies

Authors: Mohamed E. El-Khouly, Ahmed M. Kobaisy, Hanan Ahmed, Morad M. El-Hendawy, Mohsen Ghali, Waleed A. El-Said, Abduallah S. Al-Bogami, Tarek Mohamed

Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Issue 11/2023

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Abstract

To shed the light about the effect of the linkers of the small organic molecules on their optical properties, we examine herein the linear, and nonlinear optical properties of the two easy synthesized push–pull compounds 1 and 2 bearing similar donor and acceptor moieties based on stilbene derivatives, but differ in the spacer group, namely 4-cyano-4′-(N-dihexylamino) stilbene (1), and 4-cyanobenzal-4′-(N,N-diethyl) aniline (2). The optical studies were initially examined using various spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong absorption bands in the visible spectra with maxima at 400 and 429 nm, respectively. The steady-state emission measurements of 1 with its π–π* transition showed a strong emission band at 500 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of 0.30, which is much higher than that of 2 with its n–π* transition (Φf = 0.004) reflecting the nature of singlet state on the optical emission properties. The cyclic voltammograms showed the oxidation potentials of 1 and 2 at 670 and 840 mV versus Ag/AgCl, respectively, confirm the effect of the inkers on their electrochemical properties. Unlike compound 2, the thin film of 1 exhibited a sharp absorption edge at 360 nm suggesting its usefulness as an excellent UV-cut optical filter. The nonlinear absorption coefficients of the examined compounds were measured using the Z-scan technique. Compounds 1 and 2 were both exposed to 100 fs laser pulses using different excitation wavelengths. The obtained positive nonlinear absorption coefficient values of 1 and 2, such positive values may be caused by reverse saturable absorption. The influence of the laser parameters (in particular, excitation wavelength, and incident peak intensity) on the nonlinear absorption coefficient of 1 and 2 has been examined. These observations suggest the significant effect of linkers on both the photophysical, linear, and nonlinear optical features of 1 (with C=C linker) compared to 2 (with C=N linker). Furthermore, the DFT/TD-DFT methods at 6-31+G(d,p) were performed to predict the geometric, electronic, and optical properties of 1 and 2.

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Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of push–pull chromopohores using Z-scan technique: experimental and computational studies
Authors
Mohamed E. El-Khouly
Ahmed M. Kobaisy
Hanan Ahmed
Morad M. El-Hendawy
Mohsen Ghali
Waleed A. El-Said
Abduallah S. Al-Bogami
Tarek Mohamed
Publication date
01-11-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Optical and Quantum Electronics / Issue 11/2023
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Electronic ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05042-x

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