Top

Published in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

17. Flexural and Impact Properties of Flax/Kevlar and Jute/Carbon Hybrid Fibers-Reinforced PLA Nanocomposites for Aircraft Interior Applications

Authors : A. L. A’Liya, S. Nur Aqilah, M. Norkhairunnisa, R. Natasha

Published in: Advanced Composites in Aerospace Engineering Applications

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The presence of fibers and fillers in a composite can be an effective way of arresting crack at the macro or micro level. PLA composites fabricated via a solvent casting process with different graphene loadings (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were embedded in the PLA matrix to produce polymer nanocomposite. In this work, hybrid flax/Kevlar fiber and jute/carbon fiber reinforced with graphene in polylactic acid (PLA) composites have been prepared by using the hot press technique. The comparison to know the effect of different graphene nanofiller concentrations into different hybrid polymer composite was studied by mechanical properties such as flexural and low-velocity impact. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were found to increase at 3 wt.% of nanofiller loadings for graphene/jute/PLA nanocomposites with increment up to 37%, while 1 weight% of graphene loadings of flax/Kevlar composites shows 13.38% of the increment. Fracture from flexural failure was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), where the rough surface of the composite structure is relatively related to slow-spreading crack and high-energy absorption in the mixed graphene/PLA matrix. The present study examined the correlation among the composites through flexural and impact properties while discussing the effect of graphene content in aerospace applications.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Recent Advancements in Advanced Composites for Aerospace Applications: A Review

next chapter Evolution of Aerospace Composite Materials

Ahsan, Q., Carron, T. S. S., & Mustafa, Z. (2019). On the use of nano fibrillated kenaf cellulose fiber as reinforcement in polylactic acid biocomposites. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 13(2), 4970–4988. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.15.0412CrossRef

Aisyah, H. A., Paridah, M. T., Sapuan, S. M., Ilyas, R. A., Khalina, A., Nurazzi, N. M., Lee, S. H., & Lee, C. H. (2021). A comprehensive review on advanced sustainable woven natural fibre polymer composites. Polymers, 13(3), 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030471CrossRef

Alavudeen, A., Thiruchitrambalam, M., Venkateshwaran, N., et al. (2011). Review of natural fibre reinforced woven composite. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 27, 146–150.

Alimuzzaman, S., Gong, R. H., & Akonda, M. (2013). Nonwoven polylactic acid and flax biocomposites. Polymer Composites, 34(10), 1611–1619. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22561CrossRef

Alix, S., Lebrun, L., Marais, S., et al. (2012). Pectinase treatments on technical fibres of flax: Effects on water sorption and mechanical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(1), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.035CrossRef

Alsubari, S., Zuhri, M. Y. M., Sapuan, S. M., Ishak, M. R., Ilyas, R. A., & Asyraf, M. R. M. (2021). Potential of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites in sandwich structures: A review on its mechanical properties. Polymers, 13(3), 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030423CrossRef

Amir, N., Abidin, K. A. Z., & Shiri, F. B. M. (2017). Effects of the fibre configuration on mechanical properties of banana fibre/PP/MAPP natural fibre reinforced polymer composite. Procedia Engineering, 184, 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.140CrossRef

Angelov, I., Wiedmer, S., Evstatiev, M., et al. (2007). Pultrusion of a flax/polypropylene yarn. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 38(5), 1431–1438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.01.024CrossRef

Atif, R., & Inam, F. (2016). Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 7(1), 1174–1196. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.109CrossRef

Avérous, L. (2008). Polylactic acid: Synthesis, properties and applications. In Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources (pp. 433–450). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.00021-1CrossRef

Awal, A., Rana, M., & Sain, M. (2015). Thermorheological and mechanical properties of cellulose reinforced PLA bio-composites. Mechanics of Materials, 80, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.09.009CrossRef

Banakar, P., Shivanand, H. K., & Niranjan, H. B. (2012). Mechanical properties of angle ply laminated composites: A review. International Journal of Pure And Applied Sciences, 9, 127–133.

Berhanu, T., Kumar, P., & Singh, I. (2014a). Mechanical behaviour of jute fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. In 5th International & 25th all India manufacturing technology, design and research conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th.

Berhanu, T., Kumar, P., & Singh, I. (2014b). Mechanical behaviour of jute fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. In 5th International & 25th all India manufacturing technology, design and research conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th.

Bharadwaj, R. K. (2001). Modeling the barrier properties of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 34, 9189–9192. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010780bCrossRef

Bhattacharya, M. (2016). Polymer nanocomposites—A comparison between carbon nanotubes, graphene, and clay as nanofillers. Materials, 9(4), 262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9040262CrossRef

Bos, H. L. (2004). The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. (PhD thesis).

Bos, H. L., Müssig, J., & van den Oever, M. J. (2006). Mechanical properties of short-flax-fibre reinforced compounds. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37, 1591–1604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.011CrossRef

Bourbigot, S., LeBras, M., Dabrowski, F., et al. (2000). PA-6 clay nanocomposite hybrid as char forming agent in intumescent formulations. Fire and Materials, 24, 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200007/08)24:4%3C201::aid-fam739%3E3.0.co;2-dCrossRef

Ciesielski, A., & Samori, P. (2014). Graphene via sonication assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. Chemical Society Reviews, 43(1), 381–398.CrossRef

Danso, H. (2017). Properties of coconut, oil palm and bagasse fibres: As potential building materials. Procedia Eng, 200, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.002CrossRef

Das, S. (2001). The cost of automotive polymer composites: A review and assessment of DOE’s lightweight materials composites research (p. 47). Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Dong, C., Duong, J., & Davies, I. J. (2012). Flexural properties of S-2 glass and TR30S carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 33(5), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22206CrossRef

Drumright, R. E., Gruber, P. R., & Henton, D. E. (2000). Polylactic acid technology. Advanced Materials, 12(23), 1841–1846.CrossRef

Du, Y., Wu, T., Yan, N., et al. (2014). Fabrication and characterization of fully biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 56, 717–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.012CrossRef

Gopinath, A., Kumar, M. S., & Elayaperumal, A. (2014). Experimental investigations on mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced composites with polyester and epoxy resin matrices. Procedia Engineering, 97, 2052–2063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.448CrossRef

Hassan, M. M., Islam, M. R., Shehrzade, S., et al. (2003). Influence of mercerization along with ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation on physical and mechanical properties of jute yarn by grafting with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (Silane) and acrylamide under UV radiation. Polymer – Plastics Technology and Engineering, 42(4), 515–531. https://doi.org/10.1081/ppt-120023092CrossRef

Heydari-Meybodi, M., Saber-Samandari, S., & Sadighi, M. (2016). An experimental study on low-velocity impact response of nanocomposite beams reinforced with nanoclay. Composites Science and Technology, 133, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.07.020CrossRef

Hinchcliffe, S. A., Hess, K. M., & Srubar, W. V., III. (2016). Experimental and theoretical investigation of prestressed natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 95, 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.03.089CrossRef

Hossain, K. M. Z., Felfel, R. M., Rudd, C. D., et al. (2014). The effect of cellulose nanowhiskers on the flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid composites. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 85, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.09.012CrossRef

Huner, U. (2018). Effect of chemical surface treatment on flax-reinforced epoxy composite. Journal of Natural Fibers, 15(6), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2017.1369207CrossRef

Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Asyraf, M. R. M., Dayana, D. A. Z. N., Amelia, J. J. N., Rani, M. S. A., Norrrahim, M. N. F., et al. (2021a). Polymer composites filled with metal derivatives: A review of flame retardants. Polymers, 13(11), 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13111701CrossRef

Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Harussani, M. M., Hakimi, M. Y. A. Y., Haziq, M. Z. M., Atikah, M. S. N., Asyraf, M. R. M., et al. (2021b). Polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite: Processing, additive manufacturing and advanced applications. Polymers, 13(8), 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081326CrossRef

Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Ibrahim, R., et al. (2019). Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: A comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8, 2753–2766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.04.011CrossRef

Jaafar, C. A., Zainol, I., Rizal, M. M., et al (2018) Preparation and characterisation of epoxy/silica/kenaf composite using hand lay-up method. In I27th Sci. Conf. Microsc. Soc. Malaysia (27th SCMSM 2018). Melaka, Malaysia (pp. 2–6).

Jagannatha, T. D., & Harish, G. (2015). Influence of carbon & glass fiber reinforcements on flexural strength of epoxy matrix polymer hybrid composites. International Journal of Engineering, 5(4), 109–112.

Kendall, D. (2006). Fiber reinforced polymer composite bridges. National Composite Network.

Kiran, Z. S., Babu, V. S., & Shekar, K. S. (2019). Study of the microhardness and erosive wear behavior of organo-modified nanoclay filled glass-epoxy composites and optimization. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 13(2), 4794–4815. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.03.0400CrossRef

Kumar, T. S. M., Chandrasekar, M., Senthilkumar, K., Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Hariram, N., Rajulu, A. V., Rajini, N., & Siengchin, S. (2020). Characterization, thermal and antimicrobial properties of hybrid cellulose nanocomposite films with in-situ generated copper nanoparticles in Tamarindus Indica. Nutritional Powder Journal of Polymer Environment, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01939-w

Kushnoore, S., Atgur, V., Kanagalpula, P. K. C., et al. (2019). Experimental investigation on thermal behavior of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy (Al6061) hybrid composite. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 13(3), 5588–5603. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.23.0449CrossRef

Laoutid, F., Bonnaud, L., Alexandre, M., et al. (2009). New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: From fundamental to nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering R, 63, 100–125.CrossRef

Lim, K. H., Majid, M. S. A., Ridzuan, M. J. M., et al. (2017). Effect of nano-clay fillers on mechanical and morphological properties of Napier/epoxy composites. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 908, 012010. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/908/1/012010CrossRef

Liu, H. Y., Wang, G. T., Mai, Y. W., et al. (2011). On fracture toughness of nano-particle modified epoxy. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42, 2170–2175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.014CrossRef

Maity, S., Chowdhury, S., & Datta, A. K. (2012). Jute biology, diversity, cultivation, pest control, fiber production, and genetics. In Organic fertilization, soil quality, and human health (pp. 227–262). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4113-3_9CrossRef

Mazlan, N., Chai Hua, T., Sultan, M. T. H., et al. (2021). Thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analysis of woven glass/kenaf/epoxy hybrid nanocomposite filled with clay. Advanced Materials and Processing Technologies, 7(1), 166–179.CrossRef

Merzuki, M. N. M., Rejab, M. R. M., Sani, M. S. M., et al. (2019). Experimental investigation of free vibration analysis on fibre metal composite laminates. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 13, 5753–5763. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.03.0459CrossRef

Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Drzal, M. (2001). Surface modifications of natural fibres and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview. Composite Interfaces, 8(5), 313–343. https://doi.org/10.1163/156855401753255422CrossRef

Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Hinrichsen, G. (2000). Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: An overview. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 276, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1439-2054(20000301)276:1%3C1::aid-mame1%3E3.0.co;2-wCrossRef

Morrison Iii, W. H., Archibald, D. D., Sharma, H. S. S., et al. (2000). Chemical and physical characterization of water- and dew-retted flax fibres. Industrial Crops and Products, 12(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6690(99)00044-8CrossRef

Mourit, A. P., & Gibson, A. G. (2006). Fire reaction properties of composites. Fire Properties of Polymer Composite Materials, 59–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5356-6_3

Murali, G., & Pannirselvam, N. (2011). Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using fibre reinforced polymer laminate: A review. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 6(11), 41–47.

Murariu, M., & Dubois, P. (2016). PLA composites: From production to properties. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 107, 17–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.003CrossRef

Nasruddin, N. R. A., Mazlan, N., Basri, M. M., et al. (2018). Thermogravimetric analysis on rice husk ashes-based geopolymer paste. In IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering (Vol. 405, p. 012014). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/405/1/012014CrossRef

Nayak, S. Y., Heckadka, S. S., Kini, U. A., et al. (2017). Pistachio shell flakes and flax fibres as reinforcements in polyester based (pp. 17–24). International Conference on Engineering and Information Technology.

Nazrin, A., Sapuan, S. M., Zuhri, M. Y. M., Ilyas, R. A., Syafiq, R., & Sherwani, S. F. K. (2020). Nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS), Polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) for food packaging applications. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8(213), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00213CrossRef

Nurazzi, M., Norizan, M. R. M. A., Khalina, A., Abdullah, N., Sabaruddin, F. A., Kamarudin, S. H., Ahmad, S.’b., et al. (2021). Fabrication, functionalization, and application of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite: An overview. Polymers, 13(7), 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071047CrossRef

Omran, A. A. B., Mohammed, A. A. B. A., Sapuan, S. M., Ilyas, R. A., Asyraf, M. R. M., Koloor, S. S. R., & Petrů, M. (2021). Micro- and nanocellulose in polymer composite materials: A review. Polymers, 13(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13020231CrossRef

Pandey, J. K., Ahn, S. H., Lee, C. S., et al. (2010). Recent advances in the application of natural fibre based composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295, 975–989. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201000095CrossRef

Pavlidou, S., & Papaspyrides, C. D. (2008). A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Progress in Polymer Science, 33, 1119–1198.CrossRef

Pickering, K. L., Efendy, M. G. A., & Le, T. M. (2016). A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 83, 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038CrossRef

Pinto, M. A., Chalivendra, V. B., Kim, Y. K., et al. (2014). Evaluation of surface treatment and fabrication methods for jute fiber/epoxy laminar composites. Polymer Composites, 35(2), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22663CrossRef

Qian, D., Bao, L., Takatera, M., & Kemmochi, K. (2009). Particle erosion behaviour of unidirectional CF and GF hybrid fiber-reinforced plastic composites. Journal of Textile Engineering, 55, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.4188/jte.55.39CrossRef

Raghunath, S., Kumar, S., Samal, S. K., et al. (2018). PLA/ESO/MWCNT nanocomposite: A study on mechanical, thermal and electroactive shape memory properties. Journal of Polymer Research, 25(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-018-1523-5CrossRef

Rajan, R., Joseph, K., Skrifvars, M., et al. (2012). Evaluating the influence of chemical modification on flax yarn. In ECCM15–15th European conference on composite materials, Venice, Italy, June (24–28).

Ramli, N., Mazlan, N., Ando, Y., et al. (2018). Natural fiber for green technology in automotive industry: A brief review. In IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering (Vol. 368, p. 012012). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012012CrossRef

Rozilah, A., Aiza Jaafar, C. N., Sapuan, S. M., Zainol, I., & Ilyas, R. A. (2020). The effects of silver nanoparticles compositions on the mechanical, physiochemical, antibacterial, and morphology properties of sugar palm starch biocomposites for antibacterial coating. Polymers, 12(11), 2605. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112605CrossRef

Saber-Samandari, S., & Afaghi Khatibi, A. (2006). The effect of interphase on the elastic modulus of polymer based nanocomposites. Key Engineering Materials, 312, 199–204. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.199CrossRef

Saber-Samandari, S., & Afaghi Khatibi, A. (2007). Evaluation of elastic modulus of polymer matrix nanocomposites. Polymer Composites, 28, 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20322CrossRef

Saber-Samandari, S., Khatibi, A. A., & Basic, D. (2007). An experimental study on clay/epoxy nanocomposites produced in a centrifuge. Composites Part B: Engineering – Journal, 38, 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.03.010CrossRef

Sairy, N. A., Mazlan, N., Ishak, M. R., et al. (2020). Investigation on the flexural properties of nanofillers loading on the jute/carbon/PLA nanocomposites. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 14(4), 7424–7433. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.4.2020.11.0585CrossRef

Sanadi, A. R., Prasad, S. V., & Rohatgi, P. K. (1986). Sunhemp fibre-reinforced polyester. Journal of Materials Science, 21, 4299–4304. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01106545CrossRef

Sanyang, M. L., Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., et al. (2018). Sugar palm starch-based composites for packaging applications. In Bionanocomposites for packaging applications (pp. 125–147). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67319-6_7CrossRef

Seki, Y. (2009). Innovative multifunctional siloxane treatment of jute fiber surface and its effect on the mechanical properties of jute/thermoset composites. Materials Science and Engineering A, 508(1–2), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.043CrossRef

Seretis, G. V., Theodorakopoulos, I. D., Manolakos, D. E., et al. (2018). Effect of sonication on the mechanical response of graphene nanoplatelets/glass fabric/epoxy laminated nanocomposites. Composites: Part B, 147, 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.034CrossRef

Shanmugam, D., & Thiruchitrambalam, M. (2013). Static and dynamic mechanical properties of alkali treated unidirectional continuous Palmyra palm leaf stalk fiber/jute fiber reinforced hybrid polyester composites. Materials and Design, 50, 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.048CrossRef

Shilpa, K. N., Nithin, K. S., Sachhidananda, S., et al. (2017). Visibly transparent PVA/sodium doped dyspro-sia (Na2Dy2O4) nano composite films, with high refractive index: An optical study. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 694, 884–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.004CrossRef

Silberschmidt, V. V. (2016). Dynamic deformation, damage and fracture in composite materials and structures. Woodhead Publishing.

Sprenger, S. (2013). Epoxy resins modified with elastomers and surface-modified silica nanoparticles. Polymer, 54(18), 4790–4797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.011CrossRef

Subramani, N. K., Kasargod Nagaraj, S., Shivanna, S., & Siddaramaiah, H. (2016). Highly flexible and visibly transparent poly (vinyl alcohol)/calcium zincate nanocomposite films for UVA shielding applications as assessed by novel ultraviolet photon induced fluorescence quenching. Macromolecules, 49, 2791–2801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02282.s001CrossRef

Subramanian, C., & Senthilvelan, S. (2011). Joint performance of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene leaf spring. Composite Structures, 93, 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.07.015CrossRef

Suriani, M. J., Radzi, F. S. M., Ilyas, R. A., Michal, P., Sapuan, S. M., & Ruzaidi, C. M. (2021b). Flammability, tensile, and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber/pet yarn-reinforced epoxy fire retardant hybrid polymer composites. Polymers, 13(8), 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282CrossRef

Suriani, M. J., Rapi, H. Z., Ilyas, R. A., Petrů, M., & Sapuan, S. M. (2021d). Delamination and manufacturing defects in natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composite: A review. Polymers, 13(8), 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081323CrossRef

Suriani, M. J., Sapuan, S. M., Ruzaidi, C. M., Nair, D. S., & Ilyas, R. A. (2021c). Flammability, morphological and mechanical properties of sugar palm fiber/polyester yarn-reinforced epoxy hybrid biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide flame retardant filler. Textile Research Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175211008615

Suriani, M. J., Sapuan, S. M., Ruzaidi, C. M., Nair, D. S., & Ilyas, R. A. (2021e). Flammability, morphological and mechanical properties of sugar palm fiber/polyester yarn-reinforced epoxy hybrid biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide flame retardant filler. Textile Research Journal, 004051752110086. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175211008615

Suriani, M. J., Zainudin, H. A., Ilyas, R. A., Petrů, M., Sapuan, S. M., Ruzaidi, C. M., & Mustapha, R. (2021a). Kenaf fiber/pet yarn reinforced epoxy hybrid polymer composites: Morphological, tensile, and flammability properties. Polymers, 13(9), 1532. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091532CrossRef

Swolfs, Y., Gorbatikh, L., & Verpoest, I. (2014). Fibre hybridisation in polymer composites: A review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 67, 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.027CrossRef

Ticoalu, A., Aravinthan, T., & Cardona, F. (2010). A review of current development in natural fibre composites for structural and infrastructure applications. In Proceedings of the southern region engineering conference (SREC 2010). Engineers Australia (pp. 113–117).

Utracki, L. A. (2004). Clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites (Vol. 1). iSmithers Rapra Publishing.

Van de Weyenberg, I., Chi Truong, T., Vangrimde, B., et al. (2006). Improving the properties of UD flax fibre reinforced composites by applying an alkaline fibre treatment. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9), 1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.08.016CrossRef

Wambua, P., Ivens, J., & Verpoest, I. (2003). Natural fibres: Can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics? Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1259–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(03)00096-4CrossRef

Wu, C., Lai, W., & Wang, C. (2016). Effects of surface modification on the mechanical properties of flax/β-polypropylene composites. Materials, 9(5), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050314CrossRef

Xie, Y., Hill, C. A. S., Xiao, Z., et al. (2010). Silane coupling agents used for natural fibre/polymer composites: A review. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(7), 806–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.005CrossRef

Xu, Y., & Van Hoa, S. (2008). Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 68, 854–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.013CrossRef

Yan, L., Chouw, N., & Jayaraman, K. (2014). Flax fibre and its composites: A review. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 56, 296–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.014CrossRef

Zafar, M. T., Maiti, S. N., & Ghosh, A. K. (2016). Effect of surface treatment of jute fibers on the interfacial adhesion in poly (lactic acid)/jute fiber biocomposites. Fibers and Polymers, 17(2), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5781-8CrossRef

Zeng, Q. H., Yu, A. B., Lu, G. Q., et al. (2005). Clay-based polymer nanocomposites: Research and commercial development. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 5, 1574. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.411CrossRef

Zhang, J., Chaisombat, K., He, S., et al. (2012). Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures. Materials and Design, 36, 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.006CrossRef

Zhou, G., Movva, S., & Lee, L. J. (2008). Nanoclay and long-fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy and phenolic resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108, 3720–3726. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.27886CrossRef

Zhu, J., Zhu, H., Immonen, K., et al. (2015). Improving mechanical properties of novel flax/tannin composites through different chemical treatments. Industrial Crops and Products, 67, 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052CrossRef

Title: Flexural and Impact Properties of Flax/Kevlar and Jute/Carbon Hybrid Fibers-Reinforced PLA Nanocomposites for Aircraft Interior Applications
Authors: A. L. A’Liya
S. Nur Aqilah
M. Norkhairunnisa
R. Natasha
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Advanced Composites in Aerospace Engineering Applications
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88191-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-88192-4

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88192-4_17

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners