Skip to main content
Top

2010 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Formability of Sheet Metals

Author : Prof. Dr. Ing. Dorel Banabic

Published in: Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The formability is the capability of sheet metal to undergo plastic deformation to a given shape without defects. The defects have to be considered separately for the fundamental sheet metal forming procedures of deep-drawing and stretching. The difference between these types of stamping procedures is based on the mechanics of the forming process. For deep-drawing, the usual defects of the produced parts are presented in Fig. 3.1.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Eary DF (1974) Techniques of press working sheet metals. Prentice Hall, London Eary DF (1974) Techniques of press working sheet metals. Prentice Hall, London
2.
go back to reference Dieter GE, Kuhn HA, Semiatin SL (2003) Handbook of workability and process design. ASM International, Metals Park, OH Dieter GE, Kuhn HA, Semiatin SL (2003) Handbook of workability and process design. ASM International, Metals Park, OH
3.
go back to reference Kumpulainen J (1984) Factors limiting the formability of sheet metals. PhD Thesis, Helsiki University of Technology, Helsinki Kumpulainen J (1984) Factors limiting the formability of sheet metals. PhD Thesis, Helsiki University of Technology, Helsinki
4.
go back to reference Marciniak Z (1965) Stability of plastic shells under tension with kinematic boundary condition. Archiwum Mechaniki Stosorwanej 17:577–592 Marciniak Z (1965) Stability of plastic shells under tension with kinematic boundary condition. Archiwum Mechaniki Stosorwanej 17:577–592
5.
go back to reference Marciniak Z (1971) Limits of metal sheets formability. WNT, Warsaw (in Polish) Marciniak Z (1971) Limits of metal sheets formability. WNT, Warsaw (in Polish)
6.
go back to reference Marciniak Z (1978) Sheet metal forming limits. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New York/London, 215–235CrossRef Marciniak Z (1978) Sheet metal forming limits. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New York/London, 215–235CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Marciniak Z (1984) Assessment of material formability. In: Advanced Technology of Plasticity. Proceeding of the 2nd ICTP, Tokyo, 685–694 Marciniak Z (1984) Assessment of material formability. In: Advanced Technology of Plasticity. Proceeding of the 2nd ICTP, Tokyo, 685–694
8.
go back to reference Marciniak Z, Duncan JL, Hu SJ (2002) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Marciniak Z, Duncan JL, Hu SJ (2002) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
9.
go back to reference Cockroft MG, Latham DJ (1968) Ductility and the workability of metals. Journal of the Institute of Metals 96:33–39 Cockroft MG, Latham DJ (1968) Ductility and the workability of metals. Journal of the Institute of Metals 96:33–39
10.
go back to reference Banabic D, Dörr RI (1992) Formability of thin sheet metals. OIDICM, Bucharest (in Romanian) Banabic D, Dörr RI (1992) Formability of thin sheet metals. OIDICM, Bucharest (in Romanian)
11.
go back to reference Pearce R (1978) Sheet metal testing – From the 19th century until now. Proceedings of the Biennial Congress of the IDDRG, Warwick, 355–362 Pearce R (1978) Sheet metal testing – From the 19th century until now. Proceedings of the Biennial Congress of the IDDRG, Warwick, 355–362
12.
go back to reference Pearce R (1982) 4000 Years of sheet metal forming. In: Newby JR, Niemeier BA (eds) Formability of metallic materials 2000 AD, ASTM, Chicago, 3–18CrossRef Pearce R (1982) 4000 Years of sheet metal forming. In: Newby JR, Niemeier BA (eds) Formability of metallic materials 2000 AD, ASTM, Chicago, 3–18CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Siebel E, Beisswanger H (1955) Deep-drawing. Carl Hanser, München (in German) Siebel E, Beisswanger H (1955) Deep-drawing. Carl Hanser, München (in German)
14.
go back to reference Considere A (1985) Application of iron and steel in constructions. Annales des Ponts et Chaussees 9:574–575 (in French) Considere A (1985) Application of iron and steel in constructions. Annales des Ponts et Chaussees 9:574–575 (in French)
15.
go back to reference Erichsen AM (1914) A new test for thin sheets. Stahl und Eisen 34:879–882 (in German) Erichsen AM (1914) A new test for thin sheets. Stahl und Eisen 34:879–882 (in German)
16.
go back to reference Pomey G (1976) Formability of thin sheet, Vols 1–3, Collection I.R.S.I.D.-O.T.U.A, Paris (in French) Pomey G (1976) Formability of thin sheet, Vols 1–3, Collection I.R.S.I.D.-O.T.U.A, Paris (in French)
17.
go back to reference Averkiev AI (1985) Formability methods for metal sheets. Masinostroenie, Moscow (in Russian) Averkiev AI (1985) Formability methods for metal sheets. Masinostroenie, Moscow (in Russian)
18.
go back to reference Banabic D, Dörr RI (1995) Modeling of the sheet metal forming. Transilvania Press, Cluj Napoca (in Romanian) Banabic D, Dörr RI (1995) Modeling of the sheet metal forming. Transilvania Press, Cluj Napoca (in Romanian)
19.
go back to reference Banabic D et al. (2000) Formability of metallic materials. Springer, Heidelberg Banabic D et al. (2000) Formability of metallic materials. Springer, Heidelberg
20.
go back to reference Col A (2000) Forming limit diagrams: A survey. In: Banabic D (ed) Proceedings of the Cold Metal Forming Conference, Printek, Cluj Napoca, 100–118 Col A (2000) Forming limit diagrams: A survey. In: Banabic D (ed) Proceedings of the Cold Metal Forming Conference, Printek, Cluj Napoca, 100–118
21.
go back to reference Ghosh AK, Hecker SS, Keeler SP (1985) Sheet metal forming and testing. In: Dieter FE (ed) Workability testing technique. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 135–195 Ghosh AK, Hecker SS, Keeler SP (1985) Sheet metal forming and testing. In: Dieter FE (ed) Workability testing technique. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 135–195
22.
go back to reference Hayashi H (1997) Co-operative research on forming limit diagram in JDDRG. IDDRG WG Meeting, Haugesund Hayashi H (1997) Co-operative research on forming limit diagram in JDDRG. IDDRG WG Meeting, Haugesund
23.
go back to reference Hasek V (1973) On the strain and stress states in drawing of large un-regular sheet metal components. Berichte aus dem Institut für Umformtechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Nr. 25, Girardet, Essen (in German) Hasek V (1973) On the strain and stress states in drawing of large un-regular sheet metal components. Berichte aus dem Institut für Umformtechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Nr. 25, Girardet, Essen (in German)
24.
go back to reference Miles M (2006) Formability testing of sheet metals. In: Semiatin SL (ed) ASM handbook, Vol 14B, Metalworking: Sheet metal. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 673–698 Miles M (2006) Formability testing of sheet metals. In: Semiatin SL (ed) ASM handbook, Vol 14B, Metalworking: Sheet metal. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 673–698
25.
go back to reference Narashimhan K, Nandedkar VM (1996) Formability testing of sheet metals. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 49:659–676 Narashimhan K, Nandedkar VM (1996) Formability testing of sheet metals. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 49:659–676
26.
go back to reference Parniere P, Sanz G (1976) Formability of thin sheet. In: Baudelet B (ed) Metal forming of the metals and alloys. Editions CNRS, Paris, 305–330 (in French) Parniere P, Sanz G (1976) Formability of thin sheet. In: Baudelet B (ed) Metal forming of the metals and alloys. Editions CNRS, Paris, 305–330 (in French)
27.
go back to reference Petrasch W (1951) Deep-drawing test by impact. Mitt. Forsch.-ges. Blechbearbeitung, 209–211 (in German) Petrasch W (1951) Deep-drawing test by impact. Mitt. Forsch.-ges. Blechbearbeitung, 209–211 (in German)
28.
go back to reference Pöhlandt K (1989) Materials testing for the metal forming industry. Springer, HeidelbergCrossRef Pöhlandt K (1989) Materials testing for the metal forming industry. Springer, HeidelbergCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Pomey G, Parniere P (1980) Formability of thin sheet. Techniques de l’ingenieur, M 695:1–16, M 696:1–19 (in French) Pomey G, Parniere P (1980) Formability of thin sheet. Techniques de l’ingenieur, M 695:1–16, M 696:1–19 (in French)
30.
go back to reference Ragupathi RS (1985) Sheet metal properties and testing methods. In: Lange K (ed) Handbook of metal forming. SME, Dearborn, MI Ragupathi RS (1985) Sheet metal properties and testing methods. In: Lange K (ed) Handbook of metal forming. SME, Dearborn, MI
31.
go back to reference Taylor B (1988) Evaluation of formability for secondary (sheet) forming. In: Semiatin SL (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 14, Forming and forging, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 877–900 Taylor B (1988) Evaluation of formability for secondary (sheet) forming. In: Semiatin SL (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 14, Forming and forging, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 877–900
32.
go back to reference Xu Y (2006) Modern formability. Measurement, analysis and applications. Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati, OH Xu Y (2006) Modern formability. Measurement, analysis and applications. Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati, OH
33.
go back to reference Esser H, Arend H (1940) Anz. Machinenwesen 87:140–144 Esser H, Arend H (1940) Anz. Machinenwesen 87:140–144
34.
go back to reference Kaftanoglu B, Alexander JM (1961–62) An investigation of the Erichsen test. Journal of the Institute of Metals 90:457–470 Kaftanoglu B, Alexander JM (1961–62) An investigation of the Erichsen test. Journal of the Institute of Metals 90:457–470
35.
go back to reference Kayseler H (1934) On the proprieties of sheet steels. Mitt. Forsch. 2:39–42 (in German) Kayseler H (1934) On the proprieties of sheet steels. Mitt. Forsch. 2:39–42 (in German)
36.
go back to reference Kokkonen V, Hygren G (1959) Investigation into the accuracy of the Erichsen cupping test. Sheet Metal Industries 36:167–178 Kokkonen V, Hygren G (1959) Investigation into the accuracy of the Erichsen cupping test. Sheet Metal Industries 36:167–178
37.
go back to reference Yokai M, Alexander JM (1967) A further investigation of the Erichsen test. Sheet Metal Industries 44:466–475 Yokai M, Alexander JM (1967) A further investigation of the Erichsen test. Sheet Metal Industries 44:466–475
38.
go back to reference Olsen TY (1920) Machines for ductility testing. Proceedings of the American Society for Testing and Materials 20:398–403 Olsen TY (1920) Machines for ductility testing. Proceedings of the American Society for Testing and Materials 20:398–403
39.
go back to reference Hecker SS (1974) A cup test for assessing stretchability. Metals Engineering Quarterly 14:30–36 Hecker SS (1974) A cup test for assessing stretchability. Metals Engineering Quarterly 14:30–36
40.
go back to reference Ghosh AK (1975) The effect of lateral drawing-in on stretch formability. Metals Engineering Quarterly 15:53–64 Ghosh AK (1975) The effect of lateral drawing-in on stretch formability. Metals Engineering Quarterly 15:53–64
41.
go back to reference Jovignot C (1930) Method and testing device for the study the fracture of the sheet metals (in French). Revue de Metallurgie 27:287–291 Jovignot C (1930) Method and testing device for the study the fracture of the sheet metals (in French). Revue de Metallurgie 27:287–291
42.
go back to reference Siebel E, Pomp A (1929) A new test for thin sheets. Mitt. K.W.I. 11:287–291 (in German) Siebel E, Pomp A (1929) A new test for thin sheets. Mitt. K.W.I. 11:287–291 (in German)
43.
go back to reference Sachs G (1930) A new testing device for deep-drawing. Metallwirtschaft 9:213–218 (in German) Sachs G (1930) A new testing device for deep-drawing. Metallwirtschaft 9:213–218 (in German)
44.
go back to reference Loxley EM, Swift HW (1945) The wedge drawing test. Engineering 159:38–40, 77–80, 136–138 Loxley EM, Swift HW (1945) The wedge drawing test. Engineering 159:38–40, 77–80, 136–138
45.
go back to reference Guyot J (1962) Deep-drawability of thin sheets. Dunod, Paris (in French) Guyot J (1962) Deep-drawability of thin sheets. Dunod, Paris (in French)
46.
go back to reference Chung SY, Swift HW (1951) Cup-drawing from a flat blank. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 165:199–223 Chung SY, Swift HW (1951) Cup-drawing from a flat blank. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 165:199–223
47.
go back to reference Swift HW (1954) The mechanism of a simple drawing operation. Engineering 178:431–435 Swift HW (1954) The mechanism of a simple drawing operation. Engineering 178:431–435
48.
go back to reference Swift HW (1954) The mechanism of a simple deep-drawing operation. Sheet Metal Industries 31:817–828 Swift HW (1954) The mechanism of a simple deep-drawing operation. Sheet Metal Industries 31:817–828
49.
go back to reference Willis J (1954) Deep-drawing: A review of the practical aspects of professor H. W. Swift’s researches. Butterworths Scientific Publications, London Willis J (1954) Deep-drawing: A review of the practical aspects of professor H. W. Swift’s researches. Butterworths Scientific Publications, London
50.
go back to reference Fukui S, Yoshida K, Abe K (1960) Correlation among experimental values obtained in various formability tests. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research 54:199–205 Fukui S, Yoshida K, Abe K (1960) Correlation among experimental values obtained in various formability tests. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research 54:199–205
51.
go back to reference Yoshida K (1959) Classification and systematization of sheet-metal press-forming process. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research 53:126–187 Yoshida K (1959) Classification and systematization of sheet-metal press-forming process. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research 53:126–187
52.
go back to reference Yoshida K, Hayashi Y (1979) Developments in research into sheet-metal forming process in Japan. Sheet Metal Industries 55:14–17, 56:261–270 Yoshida K, Hayashi Y (1979) Developments in research into sheet-metal forming process in Japan. Sheet Metal Industries 55:14–17, 56:261–270
53.
go back to reference Sachs G (1934) Sheet metal testing with the Erichsen device. Metallwirthschaft 13:78–91 (in German) Sachs G (1934) Sheet metal testing with the Erichsen device. Metallwirthschaft 13:78–91 (in German)
54.
go back to reference Eisenkolb F (1932) Research on the assessment of the formability of thin sheets. Stahl und Eisen 52:357–364 (in German) Eisenkolb F (1932) Research on the assessment of the formability of thin sheets. Stahl und Eisen 52:357–364 (in German)
55.
go back to reference Eisenkolb F (1949) Testing of thin sheets. Stanzereischriften 5 (in German) Eisenkolb F (1949) Testing of thin sheets. Stanzereischriften 5 (in German)
56.
go back to reference Engelhardt W (1961) Development and first evaluation of a new method for testing deep-drawability. PhD Thesis, TU Dresden (in German) Engelhardt W (1961) Development and first evaluation of a new method for testing deep-drawability. PhD Thesis, TU Dresden (in German)
57.
go back to reference Drewes EJ et al. (1972) Forming limit diagrams and application to actual press forming. IDDRG Meeting Group 1, Amsterdam Drewes EJ et al. (1972) Forming limit diagrams and application to actual press forming. IDDRG Meeting Group 1, Amsterdam
58.
go back to reference Miles MP, Siles JL, Wagoner RH, Narasimhan K (1993) A better formability test. Metallurgical Transactions 24A:1143–1151 Miles MP, Siles JL, Wagoner RH, Narasimhan K (1993) A better formability test. Metallurgical Transactions 24A:1143–1151
59.
go back to reference Keeler SP (1961) Plastic instability and fracture in sheet stretched over rigid punches, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston Keeler SP (1961) Plastic instability and fracture in sheet stretched over rigid punches, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston
60.
go back to reference Gensamer M (1946) Strength and ductility. Transactions of the American Society for Metals 36:30–60 Gensamer M (1946) Strength and ductility. Transactions of the American Society for Metals 36:30–60
61.
go back to reference Keeler SP, Backofen WA (1963) Plastic instability and fracture in sheets stretched over rigid punches. Transactions of the American Society for Metals 56:25–48 Keeler SP, Backofen WA (1963) Plastic instability and fracture in sheets stretched over rigid punches. Transactions of the American Society for Metals 56:25–48
62.
go back to reference Goodwin GM (1968) Application of strain analysis to sheet metal forming problems in the press shop. Society of Automotive Engineers No. 680093, 380–387 Goodwin GM (1968) Application of strain analysis to sheet metal forming problems in the press shop. Society of Automotive Engineers No. 680093, 380–387
63.
go back to reference Havranek B (1977) The effect of mechanical properties on wrinkling in conical shells. Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 1:115–129CrossRef Havranek B (1977) The effect of mechanical properties on wrinkling in conical shells. Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 1:115–129CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Arrieux R (1981) Contribution to the determination of forming limit curves of titanium and aluminum. Proposal of an intrinsic criterion. PhD Thesis, INSA, Lyon (in French) Arrieux R (1981) Contribution to the determination of forming limit curves of titanium and aluminum. Proposal of an intrinsic criterion. PhD Thesis, INSA, Lyon (in French)
65.
go back to reference Simha CHM, Gholipour J, Bardelcik A, Worswick MJ (2007) Prediction of necking in tubular hydroforming using an extended stress-based FLC. ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129:136–147 Simha CHM, Gholipour J, Bardelcik A, Worswick MJ (2007) Prediction of necking in tubular hydroforming using an extended stress-based FLC. ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129:136–147
66.
go back to reference Simha CHM, Grantab R, Worswick MJ (2007) Computational analysis of stress-based forming limit curves. International Journal of Solids and Structures 44:8663–8684MATHCrossRef Simha CHM, Grantab R, Worswick MJ (2007) Computational analysis of stress-based forming limit curves. International Journal of Solids and Structures 44:8663–8684MATHCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Janssens K, Lambert F, Vanrostenberghe S, Vermeulen M (2001) Statistical evaluation of the uncertainty of experimentally characterised forming limits of sheet steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 112:174–184CrossRef Janssens K, Lambert F, Vanrostenberghe S, Vermeulen M (2001) Statistical evaluation of the uncertainty of experimentally characterised forming limits of sheet steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 112:174–184CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Brozzo P, De Luca B, Rendina R (1972) A new method for the prediction of the formability limits of metal sheets. Proceedings of the 7th Biannual Congress of the IDDRG, Amsterdam Brozzo P, De Luca B, Rendina R (1972) A new method for the prediction of the formability limits of metal sheets. Proceedings of the 7th Biannual Congress of the IDDRG, Amsterdam
69.
go back to reference Hecker S (1972) A simple forming limit curve technique and results on aluminum alloys. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Amsterdam, 5.1–5.8 Hecker S (1972) A simple forming limit curve technique and results on aluminum alloys. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Amsterdam, 5.1–5.8
70.
go back to reference Nakazima K, Kikuma T (1967) Forming limits under biaxial stretching of sheet metals. Testu-to Hagane 53:455–458 (in Japanese) Nakazima K, Kikuma T (1967) Forming limits under biaxial stretching of sheet metals. Testu-to Hagane 53:455–458 (in Japanese)
71.
go back to reference Nakazima K, Kikuma T, Hasuka K (1971) Study on the formability of steel sheets. Yawata Technical Report No. 284, 678–680 Nakazima K, Kikuma T, Hasuka K (1971) Study on the formability of steel sheets. Yawata Technical Report No. 284, 678–680
72.
go back to reference ISO 12004 (2006) Metallic materials. Sheet and strip. Determination of the forming limit curves. Part 2: Determination of forming-limit curves in the laboratory. ISO, Geneva ISO 12004 (2006) Metallic materials. Sheet and strip. Determination of the forming limit curves. Part 2: Determination of forming-limit curves in the laboratory. ISO, Geneva
73.
go back to reference Hasek V (1978) Research and theoretical description concerning the influences on the FLDs. Blech Rohre Profile 25:213–220, 285–292, 493–499, 617–627 (in German) Hasek V (1978) Research and theoretical description concerning the influences on the FLDs. Blech Rohre Profile 25:213–220, 285–292, 493–499, 617–627 (in German)
74.
go back to reference Montfort G (1997) Summary of experimental FLD work. BDDRG Working Group Report, Haugesund Montfort G (1997) Summary of experimental FLD work. BDDRG Working Group Report, Haugesund
75.
go back to reference Novello F, Montfort G (1999) Summary of experimental FLD work-BDDRG working group, IDDRG Meeting, WGIII, Birmingham, 3.1–3.14 Novello F, Montfort G (1999) Summary of experimental FLD work-BDDRG working group, IDDRG Meeting, WGIII, Birmingham, 3.1–3.14
76.
go back to reference Col A (2005) Forming limit curves: Are we at a turn? In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the 24th IDDRG Congress, University of Franche Comte, Besancon, 25.1–25.10 Col A (2005) Forming limit curves: Are we at a turn? In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the 24th IDDRG Congress, University of Franche Comte, Besancon, 25.1–25.10
77.
go back to reference Geoffrey JL (2003) Standardization of forming limit curves. IDDRG Conference, Bled Geoffrey JL (2003) Standardization of forming limit curves. IDDRG Conference, Bled
78.
go back to reference Hotz W (2006) European efforts in standardization of FLC. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 24–25 Hotz W (2006) European efforts in standardization of FLC. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 24–25
79.
go back to reference Hotz W, Timm J, Keller S (2001) Measurement of forming limit diagrams: Activities regarding the harmonization in the aluminum industry. IDDRG German Group Meeting, Düsseldorf Hotz W, Timm J, Keller S (2001) Measurement of forming limit diagrams: Activities regarding the harmonization in the aluminum industry. IDDRG German Group Meeting, Düsseldorf
80.
go back to reference Hora P, Tong L (2006) Prediction of forming limits in virtual sheet metal forming-yesterday, today and tomorrow. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8–17 Hora P, Tong L (2006) Prediction of forming limits in virtual sheet metal forming-yesterday, today and tomorrow. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8–17
81.
go back to reference Till ET (2001) Parameters affecting forming limits in steel sheet. Nr. 575, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf (in German) Till ET (2001) Parameters affecting forming limits in steel sheet. Nr. 575, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf (in German)
82.
go back to reference Till ET, Walch C, Pauli H (2006) A note on forming limits and forming limit stress diagrams. In: Santos AD, Barata da Rocha A (eds) Proceedings of the 25th IDDRG Congress, Porto, 11–18 Till ET, Walch C, Pauli H (2006) A note on forming limits and forming limit stress diagrams. In: Santos AD, Barata da Rocha A (eds) Proceedings of the 25th IDDRG Congress, Porto, 11–18
83.
go back to reference Takashina K et al. (1968) Relation between the manufacturing conditions and the average strain according to the scribed circle tests in steel sheets. La Metallurgia Italiana 8:757–765 Takashina K et al. (1968) Relation between the manufacturing conditions and the average strain according to the scribed circle tests in steel sheets. La Metallurgia Italiana 8:757–765
84.
go back to reference Veerman C et al. (1971) Determination of appearing and admissible strains in cold-reduced sheets. Sheet Metal Industries 687–694 Veerman C et al. (1971) Determination of appearing and admissible strains in cold-reduced sheets. Sheet Metal Industries 687–694
85.
go back to reference Veerman C, Neve PF (1972) Some aspects of the determination of the FLD-onset of localized necking. Sheet Metal Industries 421–423 Veerman C, Neve PF (1972) Some aspects of the determination of the FLD-onset of localized necking. Sheet Metal Industries 421–423
86.
go back to reference Bragard A, Baret JC, Bonnarens H (1972) A simplified technique to determine the FLD at onset of necking. Centre for Research in Metallurgy 33:53–63 Bragard A, Baret JC, Bonnarens H (1972) A simplified technique to determine the FLD at onset of necking. Centre for Research in Metallurgy 33:53–63
87.
go back to reference d’Hayer R, Bragard A (1975) Determination of the limiting strains at the onset of necking. Centre for Research in Metallurgy 42:33–35 d’Hayer R, Bragard A (1975) Determination of the limiting strains at the onset of necking. Centre for Research in Metallurgy 42:33–35
88.
go back to reference Hecker SS (1975) Simple technique for determining forming limit curves. Sheet Metal Industries 52:671–676 Hecker SS (1975) Simple technique for determining forming limit curves. Sheet Metal Industries 52:671–676
89.
go back to reference Kobayashi T, Ishigaki H, Tadayuki A (1972) Effect of strain ratios on the deforming limit of steel sheet and its application to the actual press forming. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Amsterdam, 8.1–8.4 Kobayashi T, Ishigaki H, Tadayuki A (1972) Effect of strain ratios on the deforming limit of steel sheet and its application to the actual press forming. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Amsterdam, 8.1–8.4
90.
go back to reference *** (1983) Methods of determining the forming limit curve. Proceedings of the IDDRG WG III Meeting, Zurich *** (1983) Methods of determining the forming limit curve. Proceedings of the IDDRG WG III Meeting, Zurich
91.
go back to reference Marron G et al. (1997) A new necking criterion for the forming limit diagrams, Proceedings of the IDDRG 1997 WG Meeting, Haugesund Marron G et al. (1997) A new necking criterion for the forming limit diagrams, Proceedings of the IDDRG 1997 WG Meeting, Haugesund
92.
go back to reference Volk W (2006) New experimental and numerical approach in the evaluation of the FLD with the FE-method. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 26–30 Volk W (2006) New experimental and numerical approach in the evaluation of the FLD with the FE-method. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 26–30
93.
go back to reference Liebertz H et al. (2004) Guideline for the determination of forming limit curves. Proceedings of the IDDRG Conference, Sindelfilgen, 216–224 Liebertz H et al. (2004) Guideline for the determination of forming limit curves. Proceedings of the IDDRG Conference, Sindelfilgen, 216–224
94.
go back to reference Lewison DJ, Lee D (1999) Determination of forming limits by digital image processing methods. Proceedings of International Body Engineering Conference and Exposition (IBEC), Detroit, MI (Paper 01–3168) Lewison DJ, Lee D (1999) Determination of forming limits by digital image processing methods. Proceedings of International Body Engineering Conference and Exposition (IBEC), Detroit, MI (Paper 01–3168)
95.
go back to reference Brunet M, Morestin F (2001) Experimental and analytical necking studies of anisotropic sheet metals. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 112:214–216CrossRef Brunet M, Morestin F (2001) Experimental and analytical necking studies of anisotropic sheet metals. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 112:214–216CrossRef
96.
go back to reference Schatz M, Keller S, Feldmann P (2005) Experimental determination of the FLD for sheet thickness from 2.5 to 5.0 mm. UTF Science III:1–8 (in German) Schatz M, Keller S, Feldmann P (2005) Experimental determination of the FLD for sheet thickness from 2.5 to 5.0 mm. UTF Science III:1–8 (in German)
97.
go back to reference Feldmann P, Schatz M (2006) Effective evaluation of FLC-tests with the optical in-process strain analysis system AUTOGRID. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 69–73 Feldmann P, Schatz M (2006) Effective evaluation of FLC-tests with the optical in-process strain analysis system AUTOGRID. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 69–73
98.
go back to reference Friebe H et al. (2006) FLC determination and forming analysis by optical measurement system. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 74–81 Friebe H et al. (2006) FLC determination and forming analysis by optical measurement system. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 74–81
99.
go back to reference Haberfield AB, Boyles MW (1973) Laboratory determined the FLC of sheet steel. Sheet Metal Industries 50:400–411 Haberfield AB, Boyles MW (1973) Laboratory determined the FLC of sheet steel. Sheet Metal Industries 50:400–411
100.
go back to reference Romano G, Rault D, Entringer M (1976) Utilization des courbes limites de formage et du mode de repartition des deformations comme critere de jugement de l’amptitude d’un acier extradoux a l’emboutissage. Mem. Sci. Rev. Mettalurgie 73:372–383 Romano G, Rault D, Entringer M (1976) Utilization des courbes limites de formage et du mode de repartition des deformations comme critere de jugement de l’amptitude d’un acier extradoux a l’emboutissage. Mem. Sci. Rev. Mettalurgie 73:372–383
101.
go back to reference Hiam J, Lee A (1978) Factors influencing the FLC of sheet steel. Sheet Metal Industries 50:400–411 Hiam J, Lee A (1978) Factors influencing the FLC of sheet steel. Sheet Metal Industries 50:400–411
102.
go back to reference Kleemola HJ, Kumpulainen JO (1980) Factors influencing the FLD. Influence of sheet thickness. Journal of Mechanical Working Technologies 3:303–311CrossRef Kleemola HJ, Kumpulainen JO (1980) Factors influencing the FLD. Influence of sheet thickness. Journal of Mechanical Working Technologies 3:303–311CrossRef
103.
go back to reference Fukui Y, Nakanishi K (1988) Effects of sheet thickness on the in-plane sterch forming limit in an aluminium sheet. JSME International Journal 31:679–685 Fukui Y, Nakanishi K (1988) Effects of sheet thickness on the in-plane sterch forming limit in an aluminium sheet. JSME International Journal 31:679–685
104.
go back to reference Keeler SP, Brazier WG (1975) Relationship between laboratory material characterization and press-shop formability. Proceedings of the Micro alloying Conference, New York, NY, 21–32 Keeler SP, Brazier WG (1975) Relationship between laboratory material characterization and press-shop formability. Proceedings of the Micro alloying Conference, New York, NY, 21–32
105.
go back to reference Grumbach M, Sanz G (1972) Influence of various parameters on forming limit curves. Revue de Metallurgie 61:273–290 (in French) Grumbach M, Sanz G (1972) Influence of various parameters on forming limit curves. Revue de Metallurgie 61:273–290 (in French)
106.
go back to reference Kikuma T, Nakazima K (1971) Aspects of deforming conditions and mechanical properties in the stretch forming limits of sheet metals. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 11:827–830 Kikuma T, Nakazima K (1971) Aspects of deforming conditions and mechanical properties in the stretch forming limits of sheet metals. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 11:827–830
107.
go back to reference Woodthorpe J, Pearce R (1970) The effect of the r and n upon the FLD of sheet steel. Proceedings of the ICSTIS Conference, Tokyo, 822–827 Woodthorpe J, Pearce R (1970) The effect of the r and n upon the FLD of sheet steel. Proceedings of the ICSTIS Conference, Tokyo, 822–827
108.
go back to reference Pearce R (1971) A user guide to FLD. Sheet Metal Industries 48:943–949 Pearce R (1971) A user guide to FLD. Sheet Metal Industries 48:943–949
109.
go back to reference Conrad H, Demeri MY, Bhatt D (1978) Effects of material parameters including strain-rate sensitivity of the flow stress on the stretch formability of sheet metal. In: Hecker SS, Ghosh AK, Gegel HL (eds) Formability: Analysis modeling and experimentation. Metal Society of AIME, New York, NY, 208–231 Conrad H, Demeri MY, Bhatt D (1978) Effects of material parameters including strain-rate sensitivity of the flow stress on the stretch formability of sheet metal. In: Hecker SS, Ghosh AK, Gegel HL (eds) Formability: Analysis modeling and experimentation. Metal Society of AIME, New York, NY, 208–231
110.
go back to reference Rault D (1976) Description of the deep-drawing end connected problems (in French). In: Baudelet B (ed) Metal forming of the metals and alloys. CNRS, Paris, 297–303 Rault D (1976) Description of the deep-drawing end connected problems (in French). In: Baudelet B (ed) Metal forming of the metals and alloys. CNRS, Paris, 297–303
111.
go back to reference Ghosh AK, Hecker SS (1975) Stretching limits in sheet metals: In-plane versus out-of-plane deformations. Metallurgical Transactions 5A:2161–2164 Ghosh AK, Hecker SS (1975) Stretching limits in sheet metals: In-plane versus out-of-plane deformations. Metallurgical Transactions 5A:2161–2164
112.
go back to reference Charpentier PL (1975) Influence of the punch curvature on the stretching limits of sheet steel. Metallurgical Transactions 6A:1665–1669 Charpentier PL (1975) Influence of the punch curvature on the stretching limits of sheet steel. Metallurgical Transactions 6A:1665–1669
113.
go back to reference Shi MF, Gerdeen JC (1991) Effect of strain gradient and curvature on forming limit diagrams for anisotropic sheets. Journal Material Shaping Technology 9:253–268CrossRef Shi MF, Gerdeen JC (1991) Effect of strain gradient and curvature on forming limit diagrams for anisotropic sheets. Journal Material Shaping Technology 9:253–268CrossRef
114.
go back to reference Lange E (1975) Die Bedeutung von Kennwerten und Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Umformverhaltens beim Tiefziehen von Feinblechen (I). Baender Blech Rohre 5:511–514 Lange E (1975) Die Bedeutung von Kennwerten und Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Umformverhaltens beim Tiefziehen von Feinblechen (I). Baender Blech Rohre 5:511–514
115.
go back to reference Ayres RA, Wenner ML (1978) Strain and strain-rate hardening effect on punch stretching of 5182-0 aluminium at elevated temperature. Sheet Metal Industries 55:1208–1216 Ayres RA, Wenner ML (1978) Strain and strain-rate hardening effect on punch stretching of 5182-0 aluminium at elevated temperature. Sheet Metal Industries 55:1208–1216
116.
go back to reference Kumpulainen JO, Ranta-Eskola AJ, Rintamaa RHO (1983) Effects of temperature an deep-drawing of sheet metals. Transactions of ASME. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 105:119–127CrossRef Kumpulainen JO, Ranta-Eskola AJ, Rintamaa RHO (1983) Effects of temperature an deep-drawing of sheet metals. Transactions of ASME. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 105:119–127CrossRef
117.
go back to reference Li D, Ghosh AK (2004) Biaxial warm forming behavior of aluminum sheet alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 145:281–293CrossRef Li D, Ghosh AK (2004) Biaxial warm forming behavior of aluminum sheet alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 145:281–293CrossRef
118.
go back to reference Abedrabbo N, Pourboghrat F, Carsley J (2006) Forming of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures – Part 2: Numerical modeling and experimental verification. International Journal of Plasticity 22:342–373MATHCrossRef Abedrabbo N, Pourboghrat F, Carsley J (2006) Forming of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures – Part 2: Numerical modeling and experimental verification. International Journal of Plasticity 22:342–373MATHCrossRef
119.
go back to reference van den Boogaard AH (2002) Thermally enhanced forming of aluminium sheet. Modeling and experiments. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede van den Boogaard AH (2002) Thermally enhanced forming of aluminium sheet. Modeling and experiments. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede
120.
go back to reference Drewes EJ, Martini A (1976) Einfluss der Umformgeschwindigkeit auf die Grenzformaenderungen und die Formaenderungsverteilung von Feinblech. Archiv fuer Eissenhuettenwessen 47:167–172 Drewes EJ, Martini A (1976) Einfluss der Umformgeschwindigkeit auf die Grenzformaenderungen und die Formaenderungsverteilung von Feinblech. Archiv fuer Eissenhuettenwessen 47:167–172
121.
go back to reference Percy JH (1980) The effect of strain rate on the FLD for sheet metal. Annals of CIRP 29:151–152CrossRef Percy JH (1980) The effect of strain rate on the FLD for sheet metal. Annals of CIRP 29:151–152CrossRef
122.
go back to reference Balanethiram VS, Daehn GS (1994) Hyperplasticity-Increased forming limits at high workpiece velocities. Scripta Metallurgica 31:515–520CrossRef Balanethiram VS, Daehn GS (1994) Hyperplasticity-Increased forming limits at high workpiece velocities. Scripta Metallurgica 31:515–520CrossRef
123.
go back to reference Gerdooei M, Mollaei Dariani B (2009) Strain rate-dependent forming limit diagrams for sheet metals. Journal of Engineering Manufacture 222:1651–1659CrossRef Gerdooei M, Mollaei Dariani B (2009) Strain rate-dependent forming limit diagrams for sheet metals. Journal of Engineering Manufacture 222:1651–1659CrossRef
124.
go back to reference Keeler SP (1970) La formabilité est améliorée par pression hydrostatique. Machine Moderne 43–45 Keeler SP (1970) La formabilité est améliorée par pression hydrostatique. Machine Moderne 43–45
125.
go back to reference Padwal SB, Chaturvedi RC, Rao US (1992) Influence of superimposed hydrostatic tension on void growth in the neck of a metal sheet in biaxial stress fields (I, II). Journal of Materials Processing Technology 32:91–107CrossRef Padwal SB, Chaturvedi RC, Rao US (1992) Influence of superimposed hydrostatic tension on void growth in the neck of a metal sheet in biaxial stress fields (I, II). Journal of Materials Processing Technology 32:91–107CrossRef
126.
go back to reference Gotoh M, Chung T, Iwata N (1995) Effect of out-of-plane stress on the forming limit strains of sheet metals. JSME International Journal 38:123–132 Gotoh M, Chung T, Iwata N (1995) Effect of out-of-plane stress on the forming limit strains of sheet metals. JSME International Journal 38:123–132
127.
go back to reference Smith LM et al. (2003) Influence of transverse normal stress on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 19:1567–1583MATHCrossRef Smith LM et al. (2003) Influence of transverse normal stress on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 19:1567–1583MATHCrossRef
128.
go back to reference Matin PH, Smith LM (2005) Practical limitations to the influence of through-thickness normal stress on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 21:671–690MATHCrossRef Matin PH, Smith LM (2005) Practical limitations to the influence of through-thickness normal stress on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 21:671–690MATHCrossRef
129.
go back to reference Banabic D, Soare S (2008) On the effect of the normal pressure upon the forming limit strains. In: Hora P (ed) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Interlaken, 199–204 Banabic D, Soare S (2008) On the effect of the normal pressure upon the forming limit strains. In: Hora P (ed) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Interlaken, 199–204
130.
go back to reference Wu PD et al. (2008) Effects of superimposed hydrostatic pressure on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 25:1711–1725CrossRef Wu PD et al. (2008) Effects of superimposed hydrostatic pressure on sheet metal formability. International Journal of Plasticity 25:1711–1725CrossRef
131.
go back to reference Allwood JM, Shouler DR (2008) Generalised forming limit diagrams showing increased forming limits with non-planar stress states. International Journal of Plasticity 25: 1207–1230CrossRef Allwood JM, Shouler DR (2008) Generalised forming limit diagrams showing increased forming limits with non-planar stress states. International Journal of Plasticity 25: 1207–1230CrossRef
132.
go back to reference Bleck W et al. (1998) A comparative study of the forming limit diagram models for steel sheets. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 83:223–228CrossRef Bleck W et al. (1998) A comparative study of the forming limit diagram models for steel sheets. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 83:223–228CrossRef
133.
go back to reference Bressan JD (1997) The influence of material defects on the forming ability of sheet metal. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 72:11–14CrossRef Bressan JD (1997) The influence of material defects on the forming ability of sheet metal. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 72:11–14CrossRef
134.
go back to reference Hiroi T, Nishimura H (1997) The influence of surface defects on the forming-limit diagram of steel sheet. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 72:102–109CrossRef Hiroi T, Nishimura H (1997) The influence of surface defects on the forming-limit diagram of steel sheet. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 72:102–109CrossRef
135.
go back to reference Sowerby R, Johnson W (1975) A review of texture and anisotropy in relation to metal forming. Materials Science and Engineering 20:101–111CrossRef Sowerby R, Johnson W (1975) A review of texture and anisotropy in relation to metal forming. Materials Science and Engineering 20:101–111CrossRef
136.
go back to reference Keeler SP (1988) Fifty years of sheet metal formability – Has science replaced the art? Proceedings of the SAE Conference, Detroit, 197–204 Keeler SP (1988) Fifty years of sheet metal formability – Has science replaced the art? Proceedings of the SAE Conference, Detroit, 197–204
137.
go back to reference Taylor B (1985) Sheet formability testing. In: Newby JR (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 8, Mechanical testing, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 547–570 Taylor B (1985) Sheet formability testing. In: Newby JR (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 8, Mechanical testing, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 547–570
138.
go back to reference Chatfield DA, Keeler SP (1971) Technology for using sheet steel designing for formability. Metal Progress 99:60–63 Chatfield DA, Keeler SP (1971) Technology for using sheet steel designing for formability. Metal Progress 99:60–63
139.
go back to reference Lee D, Majlessi SA, Vogel JH (1988) Process modelling and simulation for sheet forming. In: Semiatin SL (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 14, Forming and forging, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 911–927 Lee D, Majlessi SA, Vogel JH (1988) Process modelling and simulation for sheet forming. In: Semiatin SL (ed) Metals handbook, Vol 14, Forming and forging, 9th edn. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 911–927
140.
go back to reference Swift HW (1952) Plastic instability under plane stress. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1:1–18CrossRef Swift HW (1952) Plastic instability under plane stress. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1:1–18CrossRef
141.
go back to reference Hill R (1952) On discontinuous plastic states with special reference to localized necking in thin sheets. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1:19–30MathSciNetCrossRef Hill R (1952) On discontinuous plastic states with special reference to localized necking in thin sheets. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1:19–30MathSciNetCrossRef
142.
go back to reference Hora P, Tong L (1994) Prediction methods for ductile sheet metal failure using FE-simulation. In: Barata da Rocha A (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Porto, 363–375 Hora P, Tong L (1994) Prediction methods for ductile sheet metal failure using FE-simulation. In: Barata da Rocha A (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress, Porto, 363–375
143.
go back to reference Marciniak Z, Kuckzynski K (1967) Limit strains in the process of stretch-forming sheet metal. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 9:609–620CrossRef Marciniak Z, Kuckzynski K (1967) Limit strains in the process of stretch-forming sheet metal. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 9:609–620CrossRef
144.
go back to reference Storen S, Rice JR (1975) Localized necking in thin sheets. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 23:421–441CrossRef Storen S, Rice JR (1975) Localized necking in thin sheets. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 23:421–441CrossRef
145.
go back to reference Dudzinski D, Molinari A (1991) Perturbation analysis of thermoviscoplastic instabilities in biaxial loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures 5:601–628CrossRef Dudzinski D, Molinari A (1991) Perturbation analysis of thermoviscoplastic instabilities in biaxial loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures 5:601–628CrossRef
146.
go back to reference Considère M (1885) L’emploi du fer et Lacier Dans Les Constructions. Annales Des Ponts et Chausses 9:574–775 Considère M (1885) L’emploi du fer et Lacier Dans Les Constructions. Annales Des Ponts et Chausses 9:574–775
147.
go back to reference Banabic D, Dannenmann E (2001) The influence of the yield locus shape on the limits strains. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 109:9–12CrossRef Banabic D, Dannenmann E (2001) The influence of the yield locus shape on the limits strains. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 109:9–12CrossRef
148.
go back to reference Marciniak Z (1965) Stability of plastic shells under tension with kinematic boundary condition. Archiwum Mechaniki Stosorwanej 17:577–592 Marciniak Z (1965) Stability of plastic shells under tension with kinematic boundary condition. Archiwum Mechaniki Stosorwanej 17:577–592
149.
go back to reference Marciniak Z, Kuczynski K, Pokora T (1973) Influence of the plastic properties of a material on the FLD for sheet metal in tension. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 15:789–805CrossRef Marciniak Z, Kuczynski K, Pokora T (1973) Influence of the plastic properties of a material on the FLD for sheet metal in tension. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 15:789–805CrossRef
150.
go back to reference Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking I. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New-York/London, 111–126CrossRef Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking I. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New-York/London, 111–126CrossRef
151.
go back to reference Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking II. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New-York/London, 127–153CrossRef Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking II. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New-York/London, 127–153CrossRef
152.
go back to reference Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking III. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New York/London, 269–285CrossRef Hutchinson RW, Neale KW (1978) Sheet necking III. In: Koistinen DP, Wang NM (eds) Mechanics of sheet metal forming. Plenum Press, New York/London, 269–285CrossRef
153.
go back to reference Banabic D et al. (2004) FLD theoretical model using a new anisotropic yield criterion. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 157–158:23–27CrossRef Banabic D et al. (2004) FLD theoretical model using a new anisotropic yield criterion. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 157–158:23–27CrossRef
154.
go back to reference Butuc MC, Barata da Rocha A, Gracio AA, Ferreira Duarte J (2002) A more general model for forming limit diagrams prediction. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 125–126:213–218CrossRef Butuc MC, Barata da Rocha A, Gracio AA, Ferreira Duarte J (2002) A more general model for forming limit diagrams prediction. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 125–126:213–218CrossRef
155.
go back to reference Ganjiani M, Assempour A (2008) Implementation of a robust algorithm for prediction of forming limit diagrams. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 17:1–6CrossRef Ganjiani M, Assempour A (2008) Implementation of a robust algorithm for prediction of forming limit diagrams. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 17:1–6CrossRef
156.
go back to reference Banabic D, Barlat F, Cazacu O, Kuwabara T (2007) Anisotropy and formability. In: Chinesta F, Cueto E (eds) Advances in material forming – ESAFORM 10 years on. Springer, Heidelberg, 143–173CrossRef Banabic D, Barlat F, Cazacu O, Kuwabara T (2007) Anisotropy and formability. In: Chinesta F, Cueto E (eds) Advances in material forming – ESAFORM 10 years on. Springer, Heidelberg, 143–173CrossRef
157.
go back to reference Banabic D, Barlat F, Cazacu O, Kuwabara T (2010) Advances in anisotropy and formability. International Journal of Materials Forming (accepted) Banabic D, Barlat F, Cazacu O, Kuwabara T (2010) Advances in anisotropy and formability. International Journal of Materials Forming (accepted)
158.
go back to reference Bichis I, Dragos G, Paraianu L, Comsa DS, Banabic D (2010) Robust algorithm for the solution of the Marciniak–Kuczynski strain localization model (in preparation). Bichis I, Dragos G, Paraianu L, Comsa DS, Banabic D (2010) Robust algorithm for the solution of the Marciniak–Kuczynski strain localization model (in preparation).
159.
go back to reference Volk W, Illig R, Kupfer H, Wahlen A, Hora P, Kessler L, Hotz W (2008) Benchmark 1 – Virtual forming limit curves. In: Hora P (ed) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Part 2, Interlaken, 3–9 Volk W, Illig R, Kupfer H, Wahlen A, Hora P, Kessler L, Hotz W (2008) Benchmark 1 – Virtual forming limit curves. In: Hora P (ed) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Part 2, Interlaken, 3–9
160.
go back to reference Boudeau N (1995) Prediction of instability in local elasto-plastic instabilities. PhD Thesis, University of Franche-Compte, Besancon (in French) Boudeau N (1995) Prediction of instability in local elasto-plastic instabilities. PhD Thesis, University of Franche-Compte, Besancon (in French)
161.
go back to reference Hora P, Tong L (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC using the enhanced modified maximum force criterion (eMMFC). In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 31–36 Hora P, Tong L (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC using the enhanced modified maximum force criterion (eMMFC). In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 31–36
162.
go back to reference Hora P, Tong L, Reissner J (2003) Mathematical prediction of FLC using macroscopic instability criteria combined with micro structural crack propagation models. In: Khan A (ed) Proceeding of Plasticity’03 Conference, Neat Press, Fulton, MD, 364–366 Hora P, Tong L, Reissner J (2003) Mathematical prediction of FLC using macroscopic instability criteria combined with micro structural crack propagation models. In: Khan A (ed) Proceeding of Plasticity’03 Conference, Neat Press, Fulton, MD, 364–366
163.
go back to reference Banabic D, Soare S. (2009) Assessment of the modified maximum force criterion for aluminum metallic sheets. Key Engineering Materials 410–411:511–520CrossRef Banabic D, Soare S. (2009) Assessment of the modified maximum force criterion for aluminum metallic sheets. Key Engineering Materials 410–411:511–520CrossRef
164.
go back to reference Paraianu L, Dragos G, Bichis I, Comsa DS, Banabic D (2009) An improved version of the modified maximum force criterion (MMFC) used for predicting the localized necking in sheet metals. Proceedings of the Romanian Academy 10:237–243 Paraianu L, Dragos G, Bichis I, Comsa DS, Banabic D (2009) An improved version of the modified maximum force criterion (MMFC) used for predicting the localized necking in sheet metals. Proceedings of the Romanian Academy 10:237–243
165.
go back to reference Aretz H (2004) Numerical restrictions of the modified maximum force criterion for prediction of forming limits in sheet metal forming. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 12:677–692CrossRef Aretz H (2004) Numerical restrictions of the modified maximum force criterion for prediction of forming limits in sheet metal forming. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 12:677–692CrossRef
166.
go back to reference Comsa DS, Banabic D (2010) A new formulation of the modified maximum force criterion to avoid the numerical instabilities (in preparation) Comsa DS, Banabic D (2010) A new formulation of the modified maximum force criterion to avoid the numerical instabilities (in preparation)
167.
go back to reference Gese H, Dell H (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC with the program CRACH. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 43–49 Gese H, Dell H (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC with the program CRACH. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 43–49
168.
go back to reference Banabic D (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC using the M-K-Model combined with advanced material models. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 37–42 Banabic D (2006) Numerical prediction of FLC using the M-K-Model combined with advanced material models. In: Hora P (ed) Numerical and experimental methods in prediction of forming limits in sheet forming and tube hydroforming processes. ETH Zürich, Zürich, 37–42
169.
go back to reference Jurco P, Banabic D (2005) A user-frienldy program for calculating forming limit diagrams. In: Banabic D (ed) Proceedings of the 8th ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, Cluj Napoca, 423–427 Jurco P, Banabic D (2005) A user-frienldy program for calculating forming limit diagrams. In: Banabic D (ed) Proceedings of the 8th ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, Cluj Napoca, 423–427
170.
go back to reference Jurco P, Banabic D (2005) A user-friendly program for analyzing the anisotropy and formability of sheet metals. In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG 2005 Conference, Besancon, 26.1–26.8 Jurco P, Banabic D (2005) A user-friendly program for analyzing the anisotropy and formability of sheet metals. In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG 2005 Conference, Besancon, 26.1–26.8
171.
go back to reference Banabic D, Paraianu L, Cosovici G, Jurco P, Comsa DS, Vos M (2003) Performances of the BBC 2003 yield criterion when using data obtained from different mechanical tests. In: Gyenge C (ed) Proceedings of the MTeM 2003 Conference, Cluj-Napoca, 23–26 Banabic D, Paraianu L, Cosovici G, Jurco P, Comsa DS, Vos M (2003) Performances of the BBC 2003 yield criterion when using data obtained from different mechanical tests. In: Gyenge C (ed) Proceedings of the MTeM 2003 Conference, Cluj-Napoca, 23–26
172.
go back to reference Banabic D, Comsa DS, Paraianu L, Cosovici G, Jurco P (2003) Prediction of the yield loci for anisotropic materials using uniaxial and plane-strain tensile tests. Proceedings of the MSE2003 Conference, Sibiu, 11–15 Banabic D, Comsa DS, Paraianu L, Cosovici G, Jurco P (2003) Prediction of the yield loci for anisotropic materials using uniaxial and plane-strain tensile tests. Proceedings of the MSE2003 Conference, Sibiu, 11–15
173.
go back to reference Cayssials F (1998) A new method for predicting FLC. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress Meeting Working Group III, Brussel, 1–6 Cayssials F (1998) A new method for predicting FLC. Proceedings of the IDDRG Congress Meeting Working Group III, Brussel, 1–6
174.
go back to reference Cayssials F (1999) The version of the ‘Cayssials’ FLC model. Proceedings of the IDDRG Meeting Working Group III, Birmingham, 1–7 Cayssials F (1999) The version of the ‘Cayssials’ FLC model. Proceedings of the IDDRG Meeting Working Group III, Birmingham, 1–7
175.
go back to reference Cayssials F, Lemoine X (2005) Predictive model for FLC (Arcelor model) upgraded to UHSS steels. In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG Conference, Besancon, 17.1–17.8 Cayssials F, Lemoine X (2005) Predictive model for FLC (Arcelor model) upgraded to UHSS steels. In: Boudeau N (ed) Proceedings of the IDDRG Conference, Besancon, 17.1–17.8
Metadata
Title
Formability of Sheet Metals
Author
Prof. Dr. Ing. Dorel Banabic
Copyright Year
2010
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88113-1_3

Premium Partners