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Published in:
Was ist Genetik? Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

11. Formalgenetik

Author : Jochen Graw

Published in: Genetik

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Die Ausprägung einzelner Merkmale ist über Generationen hinweg genetisch eindeutig festgelegt. Bestimmte Eigenschaften treten daher in Individuen aufeinanderfolgender Generationen immer wieder in gleicher Art und Weise auf. Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) hat sich diese Beobachtung zunutze gemacht und durch konsequente Kreuzungsanalyse von Pflanzen mit ausgewählten Merkmalen die Grundregeln der Vererbung erkannt.
Der erste Schritt für das Verständnis von Vererbungsvorgängen war die Erkenntnis, dass es konkrete erbliche Einheiten – die Gene – gibt (Mendel selbst sprach noch von „Merkmalen“). Für das Verständnis der Vererbung in Pflanzen und Tieren war als zweiter Schritt die Erkenntnis entscheidend, dass jedes Gen in jeder Zelle zweifach vorhanden ist (Diploidie). Schließlich folgte als dritter Schritt die Feststellung, dass die in Körperzellen doppelt vorhandenen Gene sich in den Keimzellen trennen müssen, um in den Gameten in einer einfachen Ausführung (haploid) an die Nachkommen übergeben werden zu können.

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previous chapter Veränderungen im Genom: Mutationen
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Metadata
Title
Formalgenetik
Author
Jochen Graw
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Genetik

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60908-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-60909-5

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60909-5_11

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