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Parasites of Fossil Vertebrates: What We Know and What Can We Expect from the Fossil Record? Read chapter Read first chapter

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic Protozoa

Author : George Poinar

Published in: The Evolution and Fossil Record of Parasitism

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Fossil evidence of ancient pathogens is rare and limited mostly to specimens associated with arthropod vectors in amber. In various fossil vectors is evidence of cytoplasmic and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, pathogenic spirochetes, rickettsia, actinomycetes and protozoa. Also present in amber are examples of fossil virus-like tumors and indirect evidence of iridoviruses, polydnaviruses, pathogenic bacteria and protozoans. Many of these pathogens resemble those being transmitted today to a range of vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors. Based on these findings, it is clear that invertebrate and vertebrate viruses, as well as a range of pathogenic bacteria and protozoa, were well established by the mid-Cretaceous.

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previous chapter Parasites of Fossil Vertebrates: What We Know and What Can We Expect from the Fossil Record?
next chapter Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record
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Metadata
Title
Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic Protozoa
Author
George Poinar
Copyright Year
2021
Book
The Evolution and Fossil Record of Parasitism

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42483-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-42484-8

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42484-8_2