Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management 1/2014

01-03-2014

Frequency and directional reversal of equity ownership change in international joint ventures

Authors: Akie Iriyama, Weilei (Stone) Shi, John E. Prescott

Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management | Issue 1/2014

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Changes in equity ownership between international joint venture (IJV) partners over an IJV life-course represent an important behavioral manifestation of relational dynamics. We examine each occurrence of equity ownership change for two salient temporal properties: frequency (how often ownership change occurs) and directional reversal (when a partner buys and then sells, or vice versa, equity shares from another partner). Building on social exchange theory, we propose that initial partner equity imbalance and partners’ country’s individualism-collectivist culture has an imprinting effect on the likelihood of ownership change for both temporal properties. We developed a data set consisting of all equity changes in 200 Japanese automotive suppliers’ IJVs and found support for our hypotheses while controlling for transaction cost explanations. Our findings contribute to IJV research by shedding light on temporal aspects of equity ownership change over an IJV’s life course as well as the underlying exchange dynamics and the stability of IJV equity ownership distribution among partners.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Al-Laham, A., Amburgey, T. L., & Bates, K. 2008. The dynamics of research alliances: Examining the effect of alliance experience and partner characteristics on the speed of alliance entry in the biotech industry. British Journal of Management, 19: 343–364. Al-Laham, A., Amburgey, T. L., & Bates, K. 2008. The dynamics of research alliances: Examining the effect of alliance experience and partner characteristics on the speed of alliance entry in the biotech industry. British Journal of Management, 19: 343–364.
go back to reference Andrews, T., & Chompusri, N. 2005. Temporal dynamics of crossvergence: Institutionalizing MNC integration strategies in post-crisis ASEAN. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(1): 5–22. Andrews, T., & Chompusri, N. 2005. Temporal dynamics of crossvergence: Institutionalizing MNC integration strategies in post-crisis ASEAN. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(1): 5–22.
go back to reference Ariño, A., & de la Torre, J. 1998. Learning from failure: Towards an evolutionary model of collaborative ventures. Organization Science, 9(3): 306–325. Ariño, A., & de la Torre, J. 1998. Learning from failure: Towards an evolutionary model of collaborative ventures. Organization Science, 9(3): 306–325.
go back to reference Avison, W. 1980. Liking and the attribution of causation for success and failure. Journal of General Psychology, 102: 197–209. Avison, W. 1980. Liking and the attribution of causation for success and failure. Journal of General Psychology, 102: 197–209.
go back to reference Ballinger, G., & Rockmann, K. 2010. Chutes versus ladders: Anchoring events and a punctuated-equilibrium perspective on social exchange relationships. Academy of Management Review, 35(3): 373–391. Ballinger, G., & Rockmann, K. 2010. Chutes versus ladders: Anchoring events and a punctuated-equilibrium perspective on social exchange relationships. Academy of Management Review, 35(3): 373–391.
go back to reference Barkema, H., & Vermulen, F. 2002. Pace, rhythm, and scope: Process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 23(7): 637–653. Barkema, H., & Vermulen, F. 2002. Pace, rhythm, and scope: Process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 23(7): 637–653.
go back to reference Begley, T. M., Khatri, N., & Tsang, E. W. K. 2010. Networks and cronyism: A social exchange analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(2): 281–297. Begley, T. M., Khatri, N., & Tsang, E. W. K. 2010. Networks and cronyism: A social exchange analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(2): 281–297.
go back to reference Berry, H., Guillen, M., & Zhou, N. 2010. An institutional approach to cross-national distance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(9): 1460–1480. Berry, H., Guillen, M., & Zhou, N. 2010. An institutional approach to cross-national distance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(9): 1460–1480.
go back to reference Blau, P. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Blau, P. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Blodgett, L. 1992. Factors in the instability of international joint ventures: An event history analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 475–481. Blodgett, L. 1992. Factors in the instability of international joint ventures: An event history analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 475–481.
go back to reference Bouty, I. 2000. Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researchers across organizational boundaries. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1): 50–65. Bouty, I. 2000. Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researchers across organizational boundaries. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1): 50–65.
go back to reference Brewer, P. & Venaik, S. 2011. Individualism–collectivism in Hofstede and GLOBE. Journal of International Business Studies, 42: 436–445 Brewer, P. & Venaik, S. 2011. Individualism–collectivism in Hofstede and GLOBE. Journal of International Business Studies, 42: 436–445
go back to reference Brouthers, K., & Bamossy, G. 2006. Post-formation processes in Eastern and Western European joint ventures. Journal of Management Studies, 43(2): 203–229. Brouthers, K., & Bamossy, G. 2006. Post-formation processes in Eastern and Western European joint ventures. Journal of Management Studies, 43(2): 203–229.
go back to reference Buchan, N., Croson, R., & Dawes, R. 2002. Swift neighbors and persistent strangers: A cross-cultural investigation of trust and reciprocity in social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 108(1): 168–206. Buchan, N., Croson, R., & Dawes, R. 2002. Swift neighbors and persistent strangers: A cross-cultural investigation of trust and reciprocity in social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 108(1): 168–206.
go back to reference Buckley, P., & Casson, M. 1988. A theory of cooperation in international business. In F. Contractor & P. Lorange (Eds.). Cooperative strategies in international business: Joint ventures and technological transfers between firms: 31–53. New York: Lexington Books. Buckley, P., & Casson, M. 1988. A theory of cooperation in international business. In F. Contractor & P. Lorange (Eds.). Cooperative strategies in international business: Joint ventures and technological transfers between firms: 31–53. New York: Lexington Books.
go back to reference Chen, C., Chen, X., & Meindl, J. 1998. How can cooperation be fostered? The cultural effects of individualism-collectivism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 285–304. Chen, C., Chen, X., & Meindl, J. 1998. How can cooperation be fostered? The cultural effects of individualism-collectivism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 285–304.
go back to reference Chi, T. 2000. Option to acquire or divest a joint venture. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 665–687. Chi, T. 2000. Option to acquire or divest a joint venture. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 665–687.
go back to reference Chung, C., & Beamish, P. 2010. The trap of continual ownership change in international equity joint ventures. Organization Science, 21(5): 995–1015. Chung, C., & Beamish, P. 2010. The trap of continual ownership change in international equity joint ventures. Organization Science, 21(5): 995–1015.
go back to reference Chung, W., Mitchell, W., & Yeung, B. 2003. Foreign direct investment and host country productivity: The American automotive component industry in the 1980s. Journal of International Business Studies, 34: 199–218. Chung, W., Mitchell, W., & Yeung, B. 2003. Foreign direct investment and host country productivity: The American automotive component industry in the 1980s. Journal of International Business Studies, 34: 199–218.
go back to reference Cook, K. S. 1977. Exchange and power in networks of interorganizational relations. Sociological Quarterly, 18(1): 62–82. Cook, K. S. 1977. Exchange and power in networks of interorganizational relations. Sociological Quarterly, 18(1): 62–82.
go back to reference Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. 2005. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6): 874–900. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. 2005. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6): 874–900.
go back to reference Cusmano, M., & Takeishi, A. 1991. Supplier relations and management: A survey of Japanese, Japanese-transplant, and U.S. auto plants. Strategic Management Journal, 12(8): 563–588. Cusmano, M., & Takeishi, A. 1991. Supplier relations and management: A survey of Japanese, Japanese-transplant, and U.S. auto plants. Strategic Management Journal, 12(8): 563–588.
go back to reference Das, T. K. 2006. Strategic alliance temporalities and partner opportunism. British Journal of Management, 17: 1–21. Das, T. K. 2006. Strategic alliance temporalities and partner opportunism. British Journal of Management, 17: 1–21.
go back to reference Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2000. Instabilities of strategic alliances: An internal tensions perspective. Organization Science, 11(1): 77–101. Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2000. Instabilities of strategic alliances: An internal tensions perspective. Organization Science, 11(1): 77–101.
go back to reference Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2001. Strategic risk behaviour and its temporalities: Between risk propensity and decision context. Journal of Management Studies, 38(4): 515–534. Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2001. Strategic risk behaviour and its temporalities: Between risk propensity and decision context. Journal of Management Studies, 38(4): 515–534.
go back to reference Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2002. Alliance constellations: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Review, 27(3): 445–456. Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2002. Alliance constellations: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Review, 27(3): 445–456.
go back to reference Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2002. The dynamics of alliance conditions in the alliance development process. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5): 725–746. Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 2002. The dynamics of alliance conditions in the alliance development process. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5): 725–746.
go back to reference Dess, G., & Beard, D. 1984. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1): 52–73. Dess, G., & Beard, D. 1984. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1): 52–73.
go back to reference Dhanaraj, C., & Beamish, P. 2004. Effect of equity ownership on the survival of international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 295–305. Dhanaraj, C., & Beamish, P. 2004. Effect of equity ownership on the survival of international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 295–305.
go back to reference Dodgson, M. 1993. Organizational learning: A review of some literatures. Organization Studies, 14(3): 375–394. Dodgson, M. 1993. Organizational learning: A review of some literatures. Organization Studies, 14(3): 375–394.
go back to reference Doz, Y. 1996. The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances: Initial conditions or learning processes. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 55–83. Doz, Y. 1996. The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances: Initial conditions or learning processes. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 55–83.
go back to reference Dunning, J. 1980. Toward an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11: 9–30. Dunning, J. 1980. Toward an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11: 9–30.
go back to reference Dutton, J. E., & Ragins, B. R. 2007. Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Dutton, J. E., & Ragins, B. R. 2007. Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. 1987. Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51(2): 11–27. Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. 1987. Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51(2): 11–27.
go back to reference Dwyer, R., & Walker, O. 1981. Bargaining in an asymmetrical power structure. Journal of Marketing, 45: 104–115. Dwyer, R., & Walker, O. 1981. Bargaining in an asymmetrical power structure. Journal of Marketing, 45: 104–115.
go back to reference Dyer, J. 1996. Does governance matter? Keiretsu alliances and asset specificity as sources of Japanese competitive advantage. Organization Science, 7(6): 649–666. Dyer, J. 1996. Does governance matter? Keiretsu alliances and asset specificity as sources of Japanese competitive advantage. Organization Science, 7(6): 649–666.
go back to reference Earley, C., & Gibson, C. 1998. Taking stock in our progress on individualism-collectivism: 100 years of solidarity and community. Journal of Management, 24(3): 265–304. Earley, C., & Gibson, C. 1998. Taking stock in our progress on individualism-collectivism: 100 years of solidarity and community. Journal of Management, 24(3): 265–304.
go back to reference Emerson, R. 1962. Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27: 31–40. Emerson, R. 1962. Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27: 31–40.
go back to reference Emerson, R. M. 1976. Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2: 335–362. Emerson, R. M. 1976. Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2: 335–362.
go back to reference Fischer, R., & Mansell, A. 2009. Commitment across cultures: A meta-analytical approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 40: 1339–1358. Fischer, R., & Mansell, A. 2009. Commitment across cultures: A meta-analytical approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 40: 1339–1358.
go back to reference Frazier, G., Gill, J., & Kale, S. 1989. Dealer dependence levels and reciprocal actions in a channel of distribution in a developing country. Journal of Marketing, 53(1): 50–69. Frazier, G., Gill, J., & Kale, S. 1989. Dealer dependence levels and reciprocal actions in a channel of distribution in a developing country. Journal of Marketing, 53(1): 50–69.
go back to reference Ganesan, S. 1994. Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58: 1–19. Ganesan, S. 1994. Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58: 1–19.
go back to reference Gong, Y., Shenkar, O., Luo, Y., & Nyaw, M. 2007. Do multiple paretns help or hinder international joint venture performance? The mediating roles of contract completeness and partner cooperation. Strategic Management Journal, 28: 1021–1034. Gong, Y., Shenkar, O., Luo, Y., & Nyaw, M. 2007. Do multiple paretns help or hinder international joint venture performance? The mediating roles of contract completeness and partner cooperation. Strategic Management Journal, 28: 1021–1034.
go back to reference Green, W. 1994. Sample selection in the Poisson regression model. NYU Working paper no. EC-95-06, Stern School of Business, New York University. Green, W. 1994. Sample selection in the Poisson regression model. NYU Working paper no. EC-95-06, Stern School of Business, New York University.
go back to reference Green, W. 2000. Econometric analysis, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Green, W. 2000. Econometric analysis, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
go back to reference Gudykunst, W., Gao, G., Schmidt, K., Nishida, T., Bond, M., Leung, K., Wang, G., & Barraclough, R. 1992. The influence of individualism collectivism, self-monitoring, and predicted-outcome value on communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships. Cross-Cultural Psychology, 23(2): 196–213. Gudykunst, W., Gao, G., Schmidt, K., Nishida, T., Bond, M., Leung, K., Wang, G., & Barraclough, R. 1992. The influence of individualism collectivism, self-monitoring, and predicted-outcome value on communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships. Cross-Cultural Psychology, 23(2): 196–213.
go back to reference Gulati, R. 1995. Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 619–652. Gulati, R. 1995. Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 619–652.
go back to reference Hart, O., & Moore, J. 1990. Property rights and the nature of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6): 1119–1158. Hart, O., & Moore, J. 1990. Property rights and the nature of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6): 1119–1158.
go back to reference Heckman, J. 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica, 47: 153–161. Heckman, J. 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica, 47: 153–161.
go back to reference Hennart, J. F., & Zeng, M. 2002. Cross-cultural differences and joint venture longevity. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(4): 699–716. Hennart, J. F., & Zeng, M. 2002. Cross-cultural differences and joint venture longevity. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(4): 699–716.
go back to reference Hennart, J. F., Kim, D., & Zeng, M. 1998. The impact of joint ventures status on the longevity of Japanese stakes in U.S. manufacturing affiliates. Organization Science, 9: 12–19. Hennart, J. F., Kim, D., & Zeng, M. 1998. The impact of joint ventures status on the longevity of Japanese stakes in U.S. manufacturing affiliates. Organization Science, 9: 12–19.
go back to reference Hennart, J.-F., Roehl, T., & Zietlow, D. 1999. ‘Trojan horse’ or ‘Workhorse’? the evolution of U.S.–Japanese joint ventures in the United States. Strategic Management Journal, 20(1): 15–29. Hennart, J.-F., Roehl, T., & Zietlow, D. 1999. ‘Trojan horse’ or ‘Workhorse’? the evolution of U.S.–Japanese joint ventures in the United States. Strategic Management Journal, 20(1): 15–29.
go back to reference Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage. Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage.
go back to reference Homans, G. C. 1958. Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6): 597. Homans, G. C. 1958. Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6): 597.
go back to reference Huff, L., & Kelley, L. 2003. Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. Organization Science, 14(1): 81–90. Huff, L., & Kelley, L. 2003. Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. Organization Science, 14(1): 81–90.
go back to reference Inkpen, A., & Beamish, P. 1997. Knowledge, bargaining power, and the instability of international joint ventures. Academy of Management Review, 22(1): 177–202. Inkpen, A., & Beamish, P. 1997. Knowledge, bargaining power, and the instability of international joint ventures. Academy of Management Review, 22(1): 177–202.
go back to reference Kale, P., & Singh, H. 2009. Managing strategic alliances: What do we know now, and where do we go from here?. Academy of Management Perspective, 23(3): 45–62. Kale, P., & Singh, H. 2009. Managing strategic alliances: What do we know now, and where do we go from here?. Academy of Management Perspective, 23(3): 45–62.
go back to reference Killing, J. P. 1983. Strategies for joint venture success. New York: Praeger. Killing, J. P. 1983. Strategies for joint venture success. New York: Praeger.
go back to reference Kim, H., Hoskisson, R. E., & Wan, W. 2004. Power dependence, diversification strategy, and performance in keiretsu member firms. Strategic Management Journal, 25(7): 613–636. Kim, H., Hoskisson, R. E., & Wan, W. 2004. Power dependence, diversification strategy, and performance in keiretsu member firms. Strategic Management Journal, 25(7): 613–636.
go back to reference Koch, B. J., & Koch, P. T. 2007. Collectivism, individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(2): 207–225. Koch, B. J., & Koch, P. T. 2007. Collectivism, individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(2): 207–225.
go back to reference Kogut, B. 1988. Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4): 319–332. Kogut, B. 1988. Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4): 319–332.
go back to reference Kogut, B. 1991. Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Science, 37: 19–33. Kogut, B. 1991. Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Science, 37: 19–33.
go back to reference Kogut, B., & Singh, H. 1988. The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3): 411–432. Kogut, B., & Singh, H. 1988. The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3): 411–432.
go back to reference Konovsky, M., & Pugh, S. 1994. Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 656–669. Konovsky, M., & Pugh, S. 1994. Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 656–669.
go back to reference Kumar, R., & Nti, K. 1998. Differential learning and interaction in alliance dynamics: A process and outcome discrepancy model. Organization Science, 9(3): 356–367. Kumar, R., & Nti, K. 1998. Differential learning and interaction in alliance dynamics: A process and outcome discrepancy model. Organization Science, 9(3): 356–367.
go back to reference Laamanen, T., & Keil, T. 2008. Performance of serial acquirers: Toward an acquisition program perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6): 663–672. Laamanen, T., & Keil, T. 2008. Performance of serial acquirers: Toward an acquisition program perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6): 663–672.
go back to reference Lawler, E. 2001. An affect theory of social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 107: 321–352. Lawler, E. 2001. An affect theory of social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 107: 321–352.
go back to reference Leiblein, M., & Miller, D. 2003. An empirical examination of transaction-and firm-level influences on the vertical boundaries of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 24(9): 839–859. Leiblein, M., & Miller, D. 2003. An empirical examination of transaction-and firm-level influences on the vertical boundaries of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 24(9): 839–859.
go back to reference Levine, S., & White, P. E. 1961. Exchange as a conceptual framework for the study of interorganizational relations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 5(4): 583–601. Levine, S., & White, P. E. 1961. Exchange as a conceptual framework for the study of interorganizational relations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 5(4): 583–601.
go back to reference Li, J., & Li, Y. 2010. Flexibility versus commitment: MNEs’ ownership strategy in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 41: 1550–1571. Li, J., & Li, Y. 2010. Flexibility versus commitment: MNEs’ ownership strategy in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 41: 1550–1571.
go back to reference Lorenz, E. H. 1988. Neither friends nor strangers: Informal networks of subcontracting in French industry. In D. Gambetta (Ed.). Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. Lorenz, E. H. 1988. Neither friends nor strangers: Informal networks of subcontracting in French industry. In D. Gambetta (Ed.). Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
go back to reference Lu, J., & Xu, D. 2006. Growth and survival of international joint ventures: An external-internal legitimacy perspective. Journal of Management, 32(3): 426–488. Lu, J., & Xu, D. 2006. Growth and survival of international joint ventures: An external-internal legitimacy perspective. Journal of Management, 32(3): 426–488.
go back to reference Lyles, M., & Salk, J. 1996. Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international joint ventures: An empirical examination in the Hungarian context. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5): 877–904. Lyles, M., & Salk, J. 1996. Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international joint ventures: An empirical examination in the Hungarian context. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5): 877–904.
go back to reference Makhija, M. V., & Ganesh, U. 1997. The relationship between control and partner learning in learning-related joint ventures. Organization Science, 8(5): 508–527. Makhija, M. V., & Ganesh, U. 1997. The relationship between control and partner learning in learning-related joint ventures. Organization Science, 8(5): 508–527.
go back to reference Makino, S., & Delios, A. 1996. Local knowledge transfer and performance: Implications for alliance formation in Asia. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5): 905–927. Makino, S., & Delios, A. 1996. Local knowledge transfer and performance: Implications for alliance formation in Asia. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5): 905–927.
go back to reference Martin, X., Mitchell, W., & Swaminathan, A. 1995. Recreating and extending Japanese automobile buyer supplier links in North America. Strategic Management Journal, 16(8): 589–619. Martin, X., Mitchell, W., & Swaminathan, A. 1995. Recreating and extending Japanese automobile buyer supplier links in North America. Strategic Management Journal, 16(8): 589–619.
go back to reference Martin, X., & Salomon, R. 2003. Tacitness, learning, and international expansion: A study of foreign direct investment in a knowledge-intensive industry. Organization Science, 14: 297–311. Martin, X., & Salomon, R. 2003. Tacitness, learning, and international expansion: A study of foreign direct investment in a knowledge-intensive industry. Organization Science, 14: 297–311.
go back to reference McGuire, J., & Dow, S. 2009. Japanese keiretsu: Past, present, future. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(2): 333–351. McGuire, J., & Dow, S. 2009. Japanese keiretsu: Past, present, future. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(2): 333–351.
go back to reference Meeker, B. 1971. Decisions and exchange. American Sociological Review, 36: 485–495. Meeker, B. 1971. Decisions and exchange. American Sociological Review, 36: 485–495.
go back to reference Molm, L. 1990. Structure, actions, and outcomes: The dynamics of power in social exchange. American Sociological Review, 55: 427–447. Molm, L. 1990. Structure, actions, and outcomes: The dynamics of power in social exchange. American Sociological Review, 55: 427–447.
go back to reference Molm, L. D. 1994. Dependence and risk: Transforming the structure of social exchange. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57(3): 163–176. Molm, L. D. 1994. Dependence and risk: Transforming the structure of social exchange. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57(3): 163–176.
go back to reference Molm, L., & Cook, K. S. 1995. Social exchange and exchange networks. In K. S. Cook, G. A. Fine & J. S. House (Eds.). Sociological perspectives on social psychology: 209–235. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Molm, L., & Cook, K. S. 1995. Social exchange and exchange networks. In K. S. Cook, G. A. Fine & J. S. House (Eds.). Sociological perspectives on social psychology: 209–235. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
go back to reference Morgan, R. M., & Shelby, D. H. 1994. The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3): 20–38. Morgan, R. M., & Shelby, D. H. 1994. The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3): 20–38.
go back to reference Ness, H. 2009. Governance, negotiations, and alliance dynamics: Explaining the evolution of relational practice. Journal of Management Studies, 46: 451–480. Ness, H. 2009. Governance, negotiations, and alliance dynamics: Explaining the evolution of relational practice. Journal of Management Studies, 46: 451–480.
go back to reference Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kumar, M. H. 1985. Applied linear statistical models. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kumar, M. H. 1985. Applied linear statistical models. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
go back to reference Ouchi, W. 1981. Theory Z. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Ouchi, W. 1981. Theory Z. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
go back to reference Palmatier, R. W., Jarvis, C. B., Bechkoff, J. R., & Kardes, F. R. 2009. The role of customer gratitude in relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 73: 1–18. Palmatier, R. W., Jarvis, C. B., Bechkoff, J. R., & Kardes, F. R. 2009. The role of customer gratitude in relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 73: 1–18.
go back to reference Park, S. H., & Ungson, G. R. 2001. Interfirm rivalry and managerial complexity: A conceptual framework of alliance failure. Organization Science, 12(1): 37–53. Park, S. H., & Ungson, G. R. 2001. Interfirm rivalry and managerial complexity: A conceptual framework of alliance failure. Organization Science, 12(1): 37–53.
go back to reference Parkhe, A. 1993. Strategic alliance structuring: A game theoretic and transaction cost examination of interfirm cooperation. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4): 794–829. Parkhe, A. 1993. Strategic alliance structuring: A game theoretic and transaction cost examination of interfirm cooperation. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4): 794–829.
go back to reference Provan, K., & Skinner, S. 1989. Interorganizational dependence and control as predictors of opportunism in dealer-supplier relations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(1): 202–212. Provan, K., & Skinner, S. 1989. Interorganizational dependence and control as predictors of opportunism in dealer-supplier relations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(1): 202–212.
go back to reference Puck, J. F., Holtbrügge, D., & Mohr, A. T. 2009. Beyond entry mode choice: Explaining the conversion of joint ventures into wholly owned subsidiaries in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of International Business Studies, 40: 388–404. Puck, J. F., Holtbrügge, D., & Mohr, A. T. 2009. Beyond entry mode choice: Explaining the conversion of joint ventures into wholly owned subsidiaries in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of International Business Studies, 40: 388–404.
go back to reference Raghunathan, S. P. 1995. A refinement of the entropy measure of firm diversification: Toward definitional and computational accuracy. Journal of Management, 21(5): 989–1002. Raghunathan, S. P. 1995. A refinement of the entropy measure of firm diversification: Toward definitional and computational accuracy. Journal of Management, 21(5): 989–1002.
go back to reference Ren, H., Gray, B., & Kim, K. 2009. Performance of international joint ventures: What factors really make a difference and how?. Journal of Management, 35(3): 805–832. Ren, H., Gray, B., & Kim, K. 2009. Performance of international joint ventures: What factors really make a difference and how?. Journal of Management, 35(3): 805–832.
go back to reference Reuer, J. J. 2000. From hybrids to hierarchies: Shareholder wealth effects of joint venture partner buyouts. Strategic Management Journal, 22(1): 27–44. Reuer, J. J. 2000. From hybrids to hierarchies: Shareholder wealth effects of joint venture partner buyouts. Strategic Management Journal, 22(1): 27–44.
go back to reference Reuer, J., & Tong, T. 2005. Real options in international joint ventures. Journal of Management, 31(3): 403–423. Reuer, J., & Tong, T. 2005. Real options in international joint ventures. Journal of Management, 31(3): 403–423.
go back to reference Reuer, J., Zollo, M., & Singh, H. 2002. Post-formation dynamics in strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 23(2): 135–151. Reuer, J., Zollo, M., & Singh, H. 2002. Post-formation dynamics in strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 23(2): 135–151.
go back to reference Rindfleisch, A. 2000. Organizational trust and interfirm cooperation: An examination of horizontal versus vertical alliances. Marketing Letters, 11: 81–95. Rindfleisch, A. 2000. Organizational trust and interfirm cooperation: An examination of horizontal versus vertical alliances. Marketing Letters, 11: 81–95.
go back to reference Rindova, V., Ferrier, W., & Wiltbank, R. 2010. Value from Gestalt: How sequences of competitive actions create advantage for firms in nascent markets. Strategic Management Journal, 31: 1474–1497. Rindova, V., Ferrier, W., & Wiltbank, R. 2010. Value from Gestalt: How sequences of competitive actions create advantage for firms in nascent markets. Strategic Management Journal, 31: 1474–1497.
go back to reference Ring, P., & Van de Ven, A. 1994. Developmental processes of cooperative interorganizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 19(1): 90–118. Ring, P., & Van de Ven, A. 1994. Developmental processes of cooperative interorganizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 19(1): 90–118.
go back to reference Shi, W., & Prescott, J. E. 2011. Sequence patterns of firms’ acquisition and alliance behavior and their performance implications. Journal of Management Studies, 48(5): 1044–1070. Shi, W., & Prescott, J. E. 2011. Sequence patterns of firms’ acquisition and alliance behavior and their performance implications. Journal of Management Studies, 48(5): 1044–1070.
go back to reference Shi, W., & Prescott, J. E. 2012. Rhythm and entrainment of acquisition and alliance initiatives and firm performance: A temporal perspective. Organization Studies, 33: 1281–1310. Shi, W., & Prescott, J. E. 2012. Rhythm and entrainment of acquisition and alliance initiatives and firm performance: A temporal perspective. Organization Studies, 33: 1281–1310.
go back to reference Shi, W., Sun, J., & Prescott, J. E. 2012. A temporal perspective of merger and acquisition and strategic alliances initiatives: Review and future direction. Journal of Management, 38: 164–209. Shi, W., Sun, J., & Prescott, J. E. 2012. A temporal perspective of merger and acquisition and strategic alliances initiatives: Review and future direction. Journal of Management, 38: 164–209.
go back to reference Standifer, R., & Bluedorn, A. 2006. Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models. Human Relations, 59(7): 903–927. Standifer, R., & Bluedorn, A. 2006. Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models. Human Relations, 59(7): 903–927.
go back to reference Steensma, H. K., Barden, J., Dhanaraj, C., Lyles, M., & Tihanyi, L. 2008. The evolution and internalization of international joint ventures in a transitioning economy. Journal of International Business Studies, 39: 491–507. Steensma, H. K., Barden, J., Dhanaraj, C., Lyles, M., & Tihanyi, L. 2008. The evolution and internalization of international joint ventures in a transitioning economy. Journal of International Business Studies, 39: 491–507.
go back to reference Steensma, K., & Lyles, M. 2000. Explaining IJV survival in a transitional economy through social exchange and knowledge-based perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 831–851. Steensma, K., & Lyles, M. 2000. Explaining IJV survival in a transitional economy through social exchange and knowledge-based perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 831–851.
go back to reference Tadelis, S. & Williamson, O. Forthcoming. Transaction cost economics. In R. Gibbons & J. Roberts (Eds.). Handbook of organizational economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Tadelis, S. & Williamson, O. Forthcoming. Transaction cost economics. In R. Gibbons & J. Roberts (Eds.). Handbook of organizational economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
go back to reference Thibault, J., & Kelley, H. 1959. The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley. Thibault, J., & Kelley, H. 1959. The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Triandis, H. 1995. Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Triandis, H. 1995. Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
go back to reference Uzzi, B. 1997. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1): 35–67. Uzzi, B. 1997. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1): 35–67.
go back to reference Wan, W. P., Yiu, D. W., Hoskisson, R. E. & Kim, H. 2008. The performance implications of relationship banking during macroeconomic expansion and contraction: A study of Japanese banks’ social relationships and overseas expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 39: 406–427. Wan, W. P., Yiu, D. W., Hoskisson, R. E. & Kim, H. 2008. The performance implications of relationship banking during macroeconomic expansion and contraction: A study of Japanese banks’ social relationships and overseas expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 39: 406–427.
go back to reference Watkins, H., & Liu, R. 1996. Collectivism, individualism and in-group membership: Implications for consumer complaining behaviors in multicultural contexts. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 8(3/4): 69–96. Watkins, H., & Liu, R. 1996. Collectivism, individualism and in-group membership: Implications for consumer complaining behaviors in multicultural contexts. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 8(3/4): 69–96.
go back to reference White, H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48: 817–838. White, H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48: 817–838.
go back to reference Windeler, A., & Sydow, J. 2001. Project networks and changing industry practice-collaborative content production in the German television industry. Organization Studies, 22: 1035–1060. Windeler, A., & Sydow, J. 2001. Project networks and changing industry practice-collaborative content production in the German television industry. Organization Studies, 22: 1035–1060.
go back to reference Yamagishi, T. 1988. Seriousness of social dilemmas and the provision of a sanctioning system. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51: 32–42. Yamagishi, T. 1988. Seriousness of social dilemmas and the provision of a sanctioning system. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51: 32–42.
go back to reference Yamagishi, T., Jin, N., & Miller, A. 1998. In-group bias and culture of collectivism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1: 315–328. Yamagishi, T., Jin, N., & Miller, A. 1998. In-group bias and culture of collectivism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1: 315–328.
go back to reference Yan, A., & Gray, B. 2001. Antecedents and effects of parent control in international joint ventures. Journal of Management Studies, 38(3): 393–416. Yan, A., & Gray, B. 2001. Antecedents and effects of parent control in international joint ventures. Journal of Management Studies, 38(3): 393–416.
go back to reference Yan, A., & Zeng, M. 1999. International joint venture instability: A critique of previous research. Journal of International Business Studies, 30: 397–414. Yan, A., & Zeng, M. 1999. International joint venture instability: A critique of previous research. Journal of International Business Studies, 30: 397–414.
go back to reference Young-Ybarra, C., & Wiersema, M. 1999. Strategic flexibility in information technology alliances: The influence of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory. Organization Science, 10(4): 439–459. Young-Ybarra, C., & Wiersema, M. 1999. Strategic flexibility in information technology alliances: The influence of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory. Organization Science, 10(4): 439–459.
go back to reference Zucker, L. G. 1986. Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840–1920. Research in Organizational Behavior, 8: 53–111. Zucker, L. G. 1986. Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840–1920. Research in Organizational Behavior, 8: 53–111.
Metadata
Title
Frequency and directional reversal of equity ownership change in international joint ventures
Authors
Akie Iriyama
Weilei (Stone) Shi
John E. Prescott
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Asia Pacific Journal of Management / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0217-4561
Electronic ISSN: 1572-9958
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9344-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Asia Pacific Journal of Management 1/2014 Go to the issue

Premium Partner