1. Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing Technology

The history of remote sensing satellites in China dates back to the 1970s. The remote sensing satellite has been developed from recoverable satellites to transmission satellites with different spectrum segments, such as visible light, infrared, hyperspectral, and microwave bands. During the development, key technologies such as high-resolution large-scale optical system, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload, hyperspectral imaging, high-precision dynamic imaging, and high-orbit imaging have been conquered and a series of four major operational satellites for resources, meteorology, oceans, and environment disaster relief have been established. At present, China’s satellite remote sensing data have provided big data service support for industries, such as national land and mineral resources management and monitoring, traffic network safety monitoring, geological hazard early warning, air and water environmental pollution monitoring, agricultural and forestry growth, pest monitoring and yield assessment, flood and waterlogging disaster monitoring, hydraulic facilities safety monitoring, as well as Earthquake disaster monitoring. Satellites FY series, and HY series have become one of the international meteorological and ocean satellite data sources.