Fuzzy NN Time Series Forecasting

The kNN time series forecasting method is based on a very simple idea. kNN forecasting is base on the idea that similar training samples most likely will have similar output values. One has to look for a certain number of nearest neighbors, according to some distance. The first idea that comes to mind when we see the nearest neighbor time series forecasting technique is to weigh the contribution of the different neighbors according to distance to the present observation. The fuzzy version of the nearest neighbor time series forecasting technique implicitly weighs the contribution of the different neighbors to the prediction, using the fuzzy membership of the linguistic terms as a kind of distance to the current observation. The training phase compiles all different scenarios of what has been observed in the time series’ past as a set of fuzzy rules. When we encounter a new situation and need to predict the future outcome, just like in normal fuzzy inference systems, the current observation is fuzzyfied, the set of rules is traversed to see which ones of them are activated (i.e., their antecedents are satisfied) and the outcome of the forecast is defuzzyfied by the common center of gravity rule.