Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and Sustainable Ecosystem

Insufficient management to underground utilities often appears as frequent and disorganized street works, unduly prolonged excavation period and underground properties damage. A centralized utility information system can facilitate utility information to share, update and exchange and has irreplaceable advantages in managing underground space. In order to fully utilize a utility information system, the fundamental component –utility as-built records must be complete, accurate and reliable. However, currently, the data quality of as-built records in many cities remain unsatisfactory, which also obstructs the process of building “Smart City”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate governance issues with as-built records in worldwide cities, in order to provide insight to current manage mechanism. The findings indicate that proper governance and management should be carried out to improve the data quality of as-built records in the long run.

Basic scientific research of land cover in Suqian is fundamental to ensure the sustainability of land resource management. The major study is to monitor the confusable land cover types according to the remote sensing, and the integrated information. It supplies a new direction for integrating date sets and improves the monitor on land cover. It presents a simple fusion approach for integrating time series of the MODIS Vegetation Index products and Landsat TM data. The fusion supplies the prior probability to distinguish forest with crop for guiding supervised classification which served in monitoring forest quantities-increasing in future. The entire operation just uses primarily the fusion method from the fuzzy mathematics to achieve various kinds of information with some simple parameters. However, the fusion is a spatial feature classification conduced remote sensing training mask data blending the advantages of the phonological information, the feature characteristics and the spatial-temporal data.

Landscape change will cause flow and change of energy, material and nutrient between different units of land, and can cause regional ecological processes and systems functional changes. Based on the past two decades land cover changes of Dali city, the study applies ten types of landscape indices on class level and landscape level, analyzes the landscape changes of bare soil, grass land, water area, plough land, forest land, industrial land, and human habitation from year 1990 to 2010, then explores the various types of spatial and temporal evolution of the landscape, the regional landscape effects on the ecosystem, and provides a scientific reference for understanding the trend of ecological environment and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy and environment.

An analysis of urban traffic operation pattern and spatiotemporal mode is an important basis to solve the problems of traffic congestion, emergency and extreme weather. Traditional studies on the urban traffic operation pattern and spatiotemporal mode usually are restricted by issues as poor time effectiveness, large space scale and coarse time granularity of traffic flow data, thus this essay choose to use the urban traffic speed data based on floating vehicle trajectory to dissect the urban traffic operation pattern and spatiotemporal mode in Beijing in a multi-dimensional and fine granularity. Differences of features in weekdays and weekends are also compared. This paper reports that “two-peak” mode is obvious in the urban traffic condition. Besides, the morning peak of weekends is postponed to 11-12 am, and the night peak appears shorter in 5 pm compared to weekdays. Finally, four modes of traffic and its driving mechanism are concluded.

Based on summarizing the research on the division of urban and rural areas, this paper defines the attributes of “cities” and “villages”. By using the method based on multi-layer condition, in combination with cumulative percentage and other mathematical methods, adopting the spatial comparison method by using Google Earth satellite images, the optimal threshold is decided through multi-condition screening and then the definitional standards are confirmed. This paper divides the urban and rural areas by selecting Xi’an city as the research area. The divided results compare to the results concluded by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. It is found that the urbanization rate is reduced by 3.24 %. Through overlapping comparison of satellite remote sensing images, it is proven that the feasibility and sophistication of the methods for the division of urban and rural areas through screening multiple conditions.

The paper proposes seven theoretical hypotheses after firstly putting forward the composition of the shared resources of the logistics industry cluster and then analyzing theoretically the impact that the shared resources have on the competitive advantages of the logistics enterprise in logistics industry clusters. To prove these hypotheses, the researchers prepare questionnaires and collect the questionnaire data from 201 enterprises of the logistics industry clusters. In this paper, the researchers analyze these data by using such soft wares as SPSS for windows (version 17.0) and AMOS7.0, etc. and make the conclusion that location resources, brand resources, specialized division of labor and cooperation resources, supporting institutions resources and order resource have positive impacts on the competitive advantages of the logistics enterprises, while material resources are only partially supported as to their impacts on the competitive advantages for logistics companies, and collective learning and knowledge sharing resources do not have obvious impacts on the competitive advantages of logistics businesses.

This paper studies a dual-channel supply chain model which contains a manufacturer and a retailer. By using the game theory, we analysis and comparison the dual-channel supply chain when the costs of production is changing. We investigate the optimal price of the supply chain under centralized decision and decentralized decision making. We also design a compensation strategy which considering changes in the costs of production in order to both manufacturer and retailer are in win-win situation. Finally, this paper use the example demonstrated the effectiveness of the compensation strategy for the dual-channel supply chain coordination.

This paper utilized the one-week smart card data (SCD) and the control passenger flow survey to analyze the commute travel time and the passenger flow distribution in the multi-mode public transport. To research the commute pattern of the central business district (CBD), there were three large-scale residence communities selected for the survey areas. Based on SCD in the double ticket system, the average travel time and the passenger volume were estimated through clustering “the alighting time” and filling none value. As a result, the visualization of the station attraction and the travel time under multi-mode public transport was presented through the application of GIS. The analysis of the commute pattern is aimed to make a scientific guidance for commuters on the traffic model choice as well as provide a quantitative basis for the development of the smart city.

Existing urban disaster risk assessment methods didn’t consider the hazard, vulnerability, capacity synthetically, as well as the typical characteristics of city facing disasters. So they were difficult to meet the needs of emergency preparedness, mitigation and response of the city specific disasters. This paper, taking Changsha City, Hunan Province, China as an example, analyzes disaster risk features of the city taking history disasters, population, economy and social development into consideration from Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity. And then a model, geospatial visual urban disaster comprehensive risk assessment based on GIS, is established, in which the indicator weights are calculated using an improved gray correlation method. A regionalized disaster risk map of Changsha City is acquired, which can be used for comprehensive emergency management of the city.

This thesis chooses the farmland resource system as the research object. Based on its attributive characters and multi-disciplinary theories such as systematology and synergetics, as well as the characteristics of Chengdu Plain which is one of the Coordinating Urban-Rural development experimental areas in China, the analysis of order parameter and the computation of synergy model give a response to the major problems: whether the farmland resource system of Chengdu Plain and relevant subsystems of the three major systems are synergic; what is the state and degree of synergy of the system. The results indicated that the three major attributes and the entire degree of order of the system developed in a trend of asynergy in the period from 2002 to 2008, and there were obvious area differences. Meanwhile, the degree of synergy between the farmland resource system of Chengdu Plain and the relevant subsystems of land resource system, socioeconomic system and eco-environment system was a negative value ranging between −0.1 and −0.01. Therefore the farmland resource system of Chengdu Plain and the relevant subsystems of land resource system, socioeconomic system and eco-environment system in regional area are in an asynergic and inharmonious state to a certain extent.

With the rapid growth of urban population and economic development, the urban growth has also accelerated dramatically. The paper monitored the urban growth of Kunming by detecting the land use change after supervised classification and analyzing urban expansion rate and intensity index in 1974–2013. The result shows the urban has experienced rapid expansion. Moreover, since 1992 the spatial extension has speed up. The main source of land expansion were farmland, woodland and grassland. And the urban expansion is expanding rapidly to the southeast, northwest and northeast with the old city as the core in Kunming. The urban growth is mainly affected by the natural terrain, economy, population and administrative factors. The study summarized the regularity of expansion and the driving force factors of the city growth, and provide a basis theory for future urban healthy development and provide experience for relevant government and scholars.

Vibration isolation technology makes a significant effect in the high-precision instruments field, however, the anti-interference technology at low-frequency and ultra-low frequency becomes the bottleneck of high-precision instrument development obstructively. The regular vibratory used in oil and gas exploration has a good effect on controlling the interfering signals above 6 Hz, but it doesn’t work well under 6 Hz. However, the Low-frequency excitation for hydrocarbon detection become a hotspot. In this paper, a hybrid vibration isolation method is proposed to suppress the interfering signal 6 Hz below and to improve the accuracy of the controllable vibratory excitation signal. A neural network (NN) with unique non-linear approximation capability is adopted to identify the vibration system and a NN predictive controller takes active control for the vibration systems. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/SIMULUNK. The simulation results showed that the proposed NN-based hybird isolation method can suppress the interference signals magnitude down by more than 92 % for 3–6 Hz interference signals, which put forward a novel effective anti-interference method for low-frequency vibration applications.

Among studies on urban area development, information classification is one of the important aspects. This paper analyzes the current situation and problems on the simulation of urban area development and puts forwards the concept of government information resources for urban area development under the era of big data. After analyzing related research at home and abroad and the specific needs for urban area development simulation, principles and methods suitable for classification of government information resources for urban area development is suggested. Based on the above studies, the classification system of government information resources for urban area development is constructed, which includes urban fundamental geographic information urban thematic information and special information about urban simulation system. Furthermore, the paper discusses its data coding scheme. Finally, an application system based on the above research is developed for simulating distribution of urban land and traffic loads of Wuhan.

GML schemas are metadata files, which define the structure, content and restriction of GML instances. As a kernel of the GML parser, consistency verification decides whether GML documents are consistent with the relevant application schemas. In order to parse GML data more effectively and accurately, an algorithm based on DOM was developed as to how GML consistency can be verified. Furthermore, some primary user-defined methods and the homologous regular expression technology, involving in this algorithm, were discussed in detail. Experimental results show that the consistency verification algorithm is efficient.

Performing statistical computations for traditional fishing effort takes much time and effort, and the macro fishing effort cannot be accessed immediately. Through the Beidou satellite vessel position monitoring system, the position, time, speed and other information of vessels can be got and used to data mining. In this paper, the speed threshold of each vessel’s fishing state is obtained by the statistics of navigational speed. And fishing state points can be judged by the speed threshold and heading deviation. Via the correction of filtering window, the fishing area grid is calculated by the cumulative fishing time. The cumulative fishing is the product of the cumulative fishing time and the vessel power, such as kW•h. This method has the characteristics of real-time, large-scale, fast and high resolution, which can provide good service in fishery resources protection.

Earth observation satellites usually scan the ground at a fixed period to capture remote sensing images. It’s no doubt that there exists a strong correlation between images obtained at a small interval. This paper is devoted to the compression of spaceborne multispectral images and investigating the coding gain obtained by exploiting temporal correlation. To exploit temporal correlation, a temporal compensation (TC) scheme based on rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is proposed to remove redundancies between two adjacent-period multispectral images along temporal direction and a wavelet-based coding method is used to encode residue images. Experimental results indicate that the TC-based method produces significant improvement compared to those coding schemes of only exploiting spectral and spatial correlation.

Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has played an important role in obtaining spatial information. But most existing LiDAR data classification algorithms mainly based on elevation and need more manual participation. Compared to these algorithms, we emphasize the use of intensity, RGB and echo number, and put forward a decision tree classification method. Before using this method, the intensity value must be calibrated first, and the RGB usually assigned from orthophoto. Then the experiment show that classification work can be completed with high accuracy while reducing manual workload. In addition, it was found intensity information is useful in target detection.

Based on the 2013 remote sensing data, DEM and field survey, we researched the characteristics of spatial distribution of 66 monasteries in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture which is located in three rivers headwater region of Qinghai province in China. By use of GIS we analyzed the differences of land use types and landscape patterns between the monasteries and the settlements with in 4 km of area. The result indicated that the monasteries in Guoluo are mainly distributed in the elevation of 4000–4500 m, and most of them stand on a slope or a gentleslope. Compared with the land use type of the settlements, the monasteries showed a more stable land use pattern.

3D realtime modeling places a heavy load on CPU. This paper presents a new method on 3D visualization in reservoir modeling system by using the computation power of modern programmable graphics hardware (GPU). The proposed scheme is devised to achieve parallel processing of massive reservoir logging data. By taking advantage of the GPU’s parallel processing capability, moreover, the performance of our scheme is discussed in comparison with that of the implementation entirely running on CPU. Experimental results clearly show that the proposed parallel processing can remarkably accelerate the data clustering task. Especially, although data-transferring from GPU to CPU is generally costly, acceleration by GPU is significant to save the total execution time of data-clustering, and significantly alleviates the computing load on CPU.

The main purpose of this research is to Qinghai Province as the research object. We use GIS to analyze distribution of natural disasters, such as hail, snow disaster, from 1950 to 2013. Then, obtained the temporal and spatial distribution and law of natural disasters. Results show that: (1) Qinghai occurred 15 times drought which reached 31.5 %, between 1960 to 2010. (2) The high incidence areas of drought are Xining City and Haidong area, and sub high incidence areas are southwest Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures and west Haixi Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures, and the relatively low frequency of disasters in other areas. (3) From the spatial distribution, the most areas of snow disaster concentrated in the six counties of Yushu Prefectures and Guoluo Prefectures. (4) From the time distribution, the most serious areas of snow disaster are Yushu and Guoluo Prefectures.

Applying object-based image analysis and supervised classification to remote sensing images, this paper analyzes the land use and land cover change (LUCC) in low water period of Poyang Lake wetland from 2009 to 2014. Result shows that the wetland had restored in recent years. Area of lake and non-wetland increased remarkably due to natural factors and human activities; hydraulic projects are the main reason for the radical increase in non-wetland area from 2009 onwards; landscape indexes indicate the wetland landscape is in a lower level of fragmentation.

There are lots of factors produce an effect on subgrade and pavement, these influence may directly relate to the security of transportation. According to the influencing factors for the security of subgrade and pavement, the author suggests that we should build a security management information system based on Grid GIS. The paper introduces the characteristics and structure of the Grid GIS at first; Then mainly describes the security management framework of subgrade and pavement based on Grid GIS; Finally discusses the implementation and application of this security management information system. It has profound significance to build highway subgrade and pavement information system security management system based on Grid GIS.

Understanding of development law and trend for land use change can provide effective data and decision support for the sustainable development of the region. Taking Tianjin Urban as the study area, Landsat TM/OLI images were used. Based on RS and GIS, unsupervised classification and normalized indexes were combined to interpret images. Using single dynamic degree, comprehensive dynamic degree, transfer matrix, and choosing separating index, diversity index, evenness index, spatio-temporal change of land use was analyzed. Results showed that farmland area decreased dramatically. The area of residential land significantly increased. The farmland transformed mainly into the residential land, which showed that rapid urbanization took up a large amount of farmland. The separation degree of residential land reduced. The growth of residential land was more concentrated, and expanded outward from the city center gradually. The comprehensive dynamic degree, diversity index and evenness index of land use decreased.

In the passive RFID system, the backscatter powers of tags are affected by the path loss and cause the capture effect. The capture effect makes some tags hidden and reduces the efficiency of identification. In this paper, an improved anti-collision algorithm capture effect tags optimization grouping (CEOG) is presented. The novel algorithm analysis the captures effects of RFID, then adopts Chebyshev estimation and group the capture effect optimization tags. By the theory and simulations, the CEOG make the system throughput exceed 60 %.

The study on glass defect inspection system is very important to glass industry. It can improve the accuracy of inspection and the quality of product as well as reduce the labor intensity of workers and the enterprise cost. Based on OpenCV Library, an inspection system of glass defects is designed. The Wavelet Transform is used to image preprocessing and the library function is applied to implement image gray, filtering, binarization and contour recognition. The results show that the system realizes high efficient inspection and offers data for the further study.

In order to clarify and quantify the relationship between vegetation coverage and topography in Chongqing, MODIS-250 m 16 days NDVI from 2010 s to 2013 s was used to synthesize monthly and seasonal NDVI enlarged 100 times. Then the NDVI was divided into 6 height districts and 5 slope districts. The relationship between NDVI and height/slope was analyzed and the equations of NDVI and height/slope were established. The results showed as following: (1) Different month and season have obvious effect on the relationship between NDVI and height/slope. The value of NDVI in months 6-9 and summer continued to increase with the increase of altitude. While NDVI increased firstly then decreased with the increase of height in months 10-12 and 1-5, seasons of spring, autumn and winter. The turning height of the NDVI value decreased in cold month/season and increased in warm month/season. The trend was relatively obvious and simple with increase of slope that was the NDVI monotonically increased with slope increasing. (2) The increasing trend of NDVI with height/slope increasing gradually decreases. (3) There was good binomial relationship between NDVI and height and most of these passed correlation coefficient test (P<0.001). There was binomial and exponential relationship between NDVI and slope and most of the equations passed correlation coefficient test (P<0.001).

With the accelerating process of urbanization in China, the demand for urban land is increasing rapidly; in some city with a large population, shortage of land, intensive land use is the core problem of sustainable development in the future. According to the difficulties of land surveying, recording, a land survey terminal system is developed by integrating GPS, GIS, GPRS and PDA, providing effective data for land use evaluation and planning. The results of application experiment in a certain regional of Huainan city has shown that it can high-precision, real-time collect the land attribute and spatial data and share the data with land evaluation service. The land survey terminal system realizes the automation and networking and it effectively solves the existing problems of land survey in field.

Heilongjiang is China’s first major grain-producing province, which is typical in dry farming. Drought is one of the major natural disasters in the agricultural production area. Soil moisture is an important index of drought monitoring. Remote sensing has advantages such as a wide range of observation, high instantaneity and low cost, which can be widely applied to soil moisture monitoring. In this paper, we analyze the relationship among soil moisture and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature), and built remote sensing estimating model of soil moisture based on NDVI and LST. According to this model, we dynamically monitored the drought in Heilongjiang province from April to June in 2009 based on NDVI and LST product of MODIS data and the ground measured soil moisture. The monitoring results show that the drought in Heilongjiang Province gradually relieved at first stage, then worsened significantly and eventually reached the mitigation, and the development of drought exhibits good agreement with the practical situation. The research indicates that the soil moisture monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing and the ground measured soil moisture can be applied to large-scale drought monitoring in Heilongjiang province.

By applying GIS and RS technologies and using Landsat TM/ETM data, the study, from the angle of geomorphology, analyzes the land use changes in 1990, 2000 and 2006 in Qingyang City. The study results are as follows: The proportion of the grassland, water body, cropland and unused land decreased while that of the forest land and construction land increased. The cropland area in divisions II and IV increased while in the other geomorphological units decreased. The water body area in division III decreased but increased at varying degrees in other divisions. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use in the later period of the study was higher than that in the earlier period and the dynamic degree of single land type was characterized by the same trend. The land use change map indicated that in divisions I and V the conversion of cropland to forest land took up the highest proportion of all the land change types, that the land use change varied in different landforms and that the distribution and shift of the land use change hot areas were closely related to the distribution characteristics of human activity intensity and government policies.

The global inventory modeling and mapping studies (GIMMS) data has been extensively used to extract vegetation phenological data globally or regionally for phenological trend analysis. However, most of preview researches focus on the phenological change based on individual phenological metrics extracted method and the potential difference is less discussed. To compare the difference and identify the character vegetation phenology change, we use two phenological extract methods (threshold method and inflection point method) to calculate two series of phenological data for detecting the phenological change based on 25 years of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Central Asia. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis was used to examine the change trend of start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS) and length of season (LOS). Different phenological spatial pattern are conducted. There is an unexpected consistent distribution in detecting the significant change zone between methods. The most significant change was found in agriculture zones. The result also indicated that Vegetation phenology in central Asia does not change overall.

To strengthen the capabilities that environmental protection departments monitor and manage pollution sources, and improve the ability of predicting and analyzing water pollution, we use embedded component library ArcGIS Engine to develop a GIS-based sources of pollution monitoring and pollution forecasting platform which is based on geospatial databases. The following functions based on spatial properties, such as sewage disposal information inquiry, real-time monitoring of sewage, correlation analysis river pollution and dynamic simulation of water pollution were achieved. The results show that system is running the implementation and visualizations of above functions can well achieve the intended purpose.

While remote sensing and geographic information systems have been used successfully to classify forest health using recent image, applying this process to older images is problematic because contemporaneous field data are not available to measure the accuracy of the classification of historical images. Data ranges of normalized difference water index(NDWI) were established for each Robinia Pseudoacacia health class using a contemporary image and field data by sequential cluster analysis. These ranges were used to separate Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired from 1999 to 2007 into a series of health-class maps, By applying cross-tabulation procedures to pairs of classified images, we can see how the Robinia Pseudoacacia health class of each pixel in the images of the study area had changed over time. The resulting maps provide a look back at forest conditions of the past and can be used to identify areas of special interest. Further analysis carried out between environmental factors(soil salt, soil texture, soil type, DEM, groundwater depth and groundwater salinity)and the Robinia Pseudoacacia health led to identify the likely causes of these negative trends.

With the rapid development of electronic technique in ships, electric propulsion warship had been paid high attention. Power parameters’ real-time detection of warship exerts an active influence to power quality and warship power system’s safe running. The article designs a power parameter collection device based on WIFI wireless transform technology. This device uses voltage clamp and current sensor to collect three-phase voltage and current data of ship power system. Through AD module, the data are turned into digit data and transferred to control terminal by WIFI module. By experiment, the device was confirmed that it can complete precise data acquisition at real-time.

In this paper, we analyzed inter-annual variations of NDVI and their relationship with climate variables (temperature and precipitation) between 2001 and 2014 in Hainan island. Temporal response characteristics of NDVI-temperature and NDVI-precipitation was analyzed in spring, summer, autumn and winter based on the MODIS NDVI data and daily temperature and precipitation data from 2001 to 2014. The result indicated that the monthly and seasonal NDVI increased significantly over the study period. The mean monthly NDVI reached maximum value in August, and the mean monthly NDVI value was 0.785. The appearance of the largest mean monthly NDVI trend (February) lagged behind that of the largest temperature (May) trend by three months. The response of vegetation NDVI to temperature was more pronounced than to precipitation in the whole year. The maximum response of NDVI to the variation of temperature on the whole had not lag, while the maximum response of NDVI to the variation of precipitation had a lag of about 48 days.

This study was conducted to monitor oil spill changes in Yangtze estuary and to analyze their dynamic distribution by using HJ-1 charge-coupled device (CCD) imagery. First, the spectral response curve of the oil and other typical objects were analyzed to build the spectral feature space. Second, the classification algorithm of the polynomial kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) was studied to extract various levels of oil spill information including severe pollution, moderate pollution, and slight pollution. Third, the performance of the classification model was validated by comparison with other traditional approaches and the ground investigation data supported by the Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute. Fourth, multi-temporal HJ-1 images were used to implement the classification with the polynomial kernel-based SVM algorithm. Finally, the oil-covered areas were calculated, the changes in spatial distribution were analyzed on the basis of the extracted results, and a statistical histogram was obtained. The results prove that the polynomial kernel-based SVM classification model has high accuracy with reliable performance for oil spill extraction. In addition, the dynamic analysis can be used to predict drifting trends and to provide important information for oil spill emergency response teams. Moreover, the HJ-1 satellite data can be applied to environmental monitoring.

The performance of standard algorithms for Independent Component Analysis (ICA) quickly deteriorates when the signals are contaminated by additive noise. In this paper, we propose an ICA approach exploiting the difference in the time-frequency (t-f) signatures of noisy signals to be separated. The approach uses a high-resolution t-f distribution to obtain the t-f matrices of mixed signals, then localizes the signal energy by Hough transform and obtains the estimated signals based on the diagonalization of a combined set of auto-term matrices. Furthermore, its performance is evaluated using the Signal-Noise-Ratio (SNR) as it is commonly employed to assess the ICA algorithms. Both the results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations indicate that we could enhance the ICA performance by improving the input SNR or increasing the number of sampling points. The approach could increase the ICA robustness by spreading the noise power and localizing the source energy in the t-f domain.

Aerosol plays an important role in global climate change and environment depravation, which influences the earth radiation balance through direct forcing and indirect forcing. The uncertainty of aerosol in global climate prediction is one of the most important and difficult issue in the aerosol research field. With the development of earth observation satellites and their observated data, it’s very important to improve the aerosol retrieval precision and the suitable algorithm. For the influence of the Asia continent, the remote sensing of aerosol distribution is complicated in this area. An iterative algorithm is presented in this study for simultaneous determination of the aerosol optical depth. Centered with the research of East China sea (especially over Bo and Yellow sea) aerosol optical depth distributing, our conclusion is listed as follows: With the MODIS data we implemented the aerosol retrieval with the improved algorithm and the AOD distribution over East China sea was analyzed. In total, there is the larger retrieval value over ocean due to the impact of the coastal turbid seawater and water leaving radiance, and as a result of lacking the imputing parameters in the area; there isn’t the suitable arithmetic to improve the AOD retrieval quality yet.

Soil water retention curve (SWRC) of 0 ~ 100 cm at typical sandy lands of Horqin Sand Land, such as grassland, fixed dune and mobile dune, were measured by the laboratory methods, and the variation of this parameter along with sandy types and soil depths were analyzed. At the same time, combined with soil moisture diffusivity studied previously, the soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was calculated. The results showed that (1) The SWRC of 0~100 cm in each sandy lands could be described better by the Gardner empirical equation θ = Ah−B. Soil water holding capacity is decreased in the order: grassland > fixed dune > mobile dune; When the soil water potential changes, the soil water content of mobile dune changes fastest, followed by fixed dune, and grassland changes slowest. In addition, Soil water holding capacity and soil moisture change rate vary considerably along with the type of sandy land and soil depth. (2) Soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is smallest for mobile dune, followed by fixed dune, and for grassland is largest. And soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity decreases generally with soil depth increased. (3) Soil organic matter content and the particle size of <0.05 mm are conducive to water holding capacity, but bulk density and the particle size of 2~0.1 mm are discouraged to water holding capacity.

By research on meteorological disasters of tourism, it can provided meteorological services for the healthy development of Guilin tourism. Investigated of Guilin tourism projects and meteorological disaster, and analysis the meteorological disasters of tourism projects, tourism response to meteorological disasters and mitigation disaster prevention measures are put forward. Research suggests tourism of Guilin meteorological disasters mainly include: heavy rain, thunder and lightning, wind, drought, fog, haze, high temperature, low temperature, etc. Secondary disasters are: landslide, debris flow, flood, etc. Strengthen the research of tourism of meteorological disaster and understand its distribution characteristics and its influence. Strengthen the safety measures and management in the tourist attractions. Add some display meteorological information electronic display screen in the tourist attractions, by training to the tour guide of meteorological disasters and their defense knowledge, it can effectively avoid or alleviate the harm caused by meteorological disasters for tourism.

With the information of interferometric coherence coefficient of different polarization states, Polarization Coherence Tomography (PCT) technology can reconstruct the vegetation vertical structure, it is an important development direction of SAR technology applications. This paper first introduced the principle of PCT, and then summarized vegetation vertical profile reconstruction process of PCT, and finally studied the applicable of PCT technology for stand height estimation with the simulation data and ALOS PALSAR data of Tahe region, the experiment results show that the estimation stand height of PCT is accurate, this technology has strong robustness, whenever choose which ALOS PALSAR data as the master image for registration, the effect on the estimation results are relatively small.

In the process of book binding, the detection for signatures is an essential step. In order to improve the speed of detection, and solve the problem of signatures position rotation when detecting. In this paper, to detecting signatures, the template matching method is used to detect signatures without page number, and for signatures with the page number, the method of OCR recognition is used to detect them. Found by experiment, the OCR identification method to detect the page number is a good one for the rotary signatures.

In this paper, 6 types of coastal wetland (River, Dike-pond, Lake, Tidal flat, Swamp, Shallow sea waters) was classified precisely through supervised method and decision trees based on DEM, depth contour, high tide level, low tide level, vegetation coverage and soil map. Landscape metrics including area metrics, shape metric, aggregation metric and diversity metric were used to analysis the coastal wetland changes on class-level and landscape-level in 1995, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2015. The results showed that the landscape pattern changed greatly in recent 20 years, especially since 2009, the coastal wetland area decreased sharply, distribution of coastal wetlands is becoming more and more uneven and the fragmentation is becoming more and more serious. Our study will provide scientific supports for coastal wetland planning and development policy making.

Continuous MODIS/Terra satellite remote sensing thermal infrared data of the 6.5-magnitude earthquake region in Ludian, Yunnan, from June to August 2014 were collected. Through cloud removing and other data treatments, the infrared data obtained during the optimal observation period from 5:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. of Beijing time were chosen for surface temperature retrieval. The relationship between the time-based evolution of anomalous surface temperature and anomalous space distribution, and the active fault before and after the earthquake was analyzed; the time and space relevance between the anomalous surface temperature and the latent heat flux changes was studied; and the influence of non-structural factors, such as landform and seasonal climate, on the anomalous surface is studied. Results suggested that: (1) one month before the occurrence of Ludian Earthquake, the epicenter showed anomalously increasing temperature of the thermal infrared, meaning that the anomalous temperature increase was related to the earthquake occurrence time; the significant temperature increase lasted for half a month before the earthquake, and the anomalous temperature increase reached the peak five to six days before the earthquake, but it decreased dramatically after the earthquake; (2) based on the hyperspectral data and the geological observation meteorological data, the influence of clouds and vegetation cover in the earthquake area was removed. The latent heat flux changes inverted showed a close time and space relevance with the anomalous surface temperature increase; (3) the analysis of the relevance with the landform and the seasonal climate factors suggested that there was structural “temperature increase” information of out-of-season changes before the earthquake; (4) the anomalous temperature increase developed in the shape of “X” from the epicenter to the conjugate fault. This coincided with the mechanical effect generated by the “L-shaped” asymmetric conjugated fault extended in the NW-SE direction of the advantageous distribution of the horizontal maximum principal stress and the NW~EW direction after the earthquake. Considering the influence of landform, seasonal climate and other non-structural factors on anomalous temperature increase, the author thought that the temperature increase of the thermal infrared might be a short-term anomalous phenomenon before the earthquake.

Potential output and output gap are important reference variables in economy cycle fluctuation. According to the situation, that measurement methods of potential output are numerous and independent, this article establishes the improvement method based on synthetically evaluation of fuzzy entropy. This method could produce discourse domain for different measurement results, calculate membership function value with the method of local replacement iteration, and determine the best time series of output gap. Empirical results shows, that the output gap of 1992Q1-2013Q3, which is obtained by the improvement method, is better than the estimated values of HP filtering method, production function method, and Vector auto-regression in terms of predictive ability of inflation, the agreement degree of factual economic cycle, and stability.

In order to achieve a collection of the three-dimensional scenes information of main streets automatically and quickly, vehicle-mounted mobile measurement system, which is consisted of sensors, vehicular laser scanner, global position system (GPS) receiver, inertial navigation system (INS) and high-precision computer, is a important means of record. Vehicular laser scanner rapidly scan street on both sides of the structure of the two-dimensional elevation information with the GPS and INS. In this way we can get high precision of urban architecture composed of spatial three-dimensional coordinates. Real time acquisition and processing of information can be realized.

In order to retrieve soil moisture through active microwave methods, the quantitative relation between the backscattering coefficients and soil moisture should be established. The dependence of backscattering coefficients on soil parameters, radar parameters and row structure parameters was analyzed by using Ulaby model. It was found that M values (the sensitivity of backscattering coefficient to azimuth angle) in different polarization modes showed as HH > VV > VH. The M value is influenced by the variation of soil moisture and surface roughness in HH polarization, but that won’t happen in VV and VH polarizations, so VV and VH polarizations are more suitable for retrieving soil moisture with row structure. The responding function is different for different incident angles, if the incident angles changes significantly in a SAR image, the effect must be considered in building inversion model of soil moisture.

With sensitive to ground scatterers, SAR coherence image can be used for the detection of surface changes and the classification of land-use cover. From a new point of view, this paper synthetically used the change information of high resolution SAR coherence image, and spectral information from optical image, based on the PCA, to obtain the fusion image. And finally land-use and cover classification of the fusion image and test results prove that it is effective and provides a valuable reference.

Urban building outline is not only a very important land cover type, but also the key of studying urban building. It is significance on urban construction planning and natural disasters monitoring. This paper discussed the method for building information extracting according to high-resolution SAR coherence image. Through theoretical analysis and test verifying, it had obtained a better effect for extracting the buildings’ profiles or top figures from the coherence image, which often expressed as ‘L’-style top structures from SAR SLC image. This method has been proved the further potential in extracting urban buildings’ structure and profile information, and has some extent of reference means.

Based on Advantech Web access configuration software and a series of ADAM-2000 wireless sensor network modules and ADAM-4000 I/O modules, a distributed computer control system was developed under the need of greenhouse monitor and control. Using the hybrid control method of fuzzy and PID, the control script was written. The design of monitoring interface and management was finished. The test result shows that the system which runs stably achieved the remote monitoring of greenhouse.

In order to explore the agricultural monitoring with microwave RS technology in karst plateau mountain by full-polarimetric radarsat-2 data, through the pretreatment of the radar data, using statistical analysis method to analyse feature’s scattering characteristics for classification from the perspective of multitemporal and multi-polarized SAR; using the experimental validation to validate classification accuracy. We can see the total accuracy is 80 % above. This study effectively improve the level of microwave RS technology on agriculture in karst area, which can provides scientific method on increasing income in modern tobacco agriculture.

Traffic sound barrier is an effective measure for suppressing road or railway traffic noise. The data measured from the inner acceleration sensor of sound barrier, is used for detecting the sound barrier’s working state. But the data usually exists error, and will cause difficulties for maintaining the sound barriers specifically. Based on simulation and numerical integration on existing acceleration data, this paper get the sound barrier movement characteristic curve. And as integrated use of iterations average filter model, high pass filter model, delay correction model and amplitude correction model, a data calibration model is constructed to calibrate the data error. Finally, the model test experiments are implemented on the experimental data of traffic sound barrier state, and achieved good effects.

The fusion of multi-resolution remote sensing images has become a hot issue for enhancing the original images. In comparison with low- and middle-resolution remote sensing imagery, high spatial resolution images have competitive advantages in identifying fine spatial features of land cover features. In this study, an IKONOS image of Hefei, Anhui Province, was used to compare the fusion effects based on seven typical transform methods including the HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value), Brovey, Wavelet Transform (WT), Principal Component (PC) transform, Gram-Schmidt, Pan Sharpening, and Color Normalized (CN) transform. The spatial texture, spectral feature and classification accuracy were used to evaluate the fusion effects. The results showed that PC transform had a optimal performance; WT transform had better ability to keep spectral information; Pan Sharpening provided superior structure information and classification effect; Gramm-Schmidt transform had better spatial and spectral information but a general classification effect; CN transform maintained a good spectral information; and Brovey transform was the worst algorithm. In addition, the classification was also performed using the seven fused images and the accuracy was 85.03 %, 84.20 %, 90.26 %, 88.18 %, 85.48 %, 88.18 %, 85.48 %, respectively.

To know whether the water reservoir dredging engineering affect the water source reservoir, Duihekou reservoir is taken as an example in this paper, and a test engineering of dredging at the end of the reservoir is done. First introduced the general situation of reservoir and the test dredging engineering, and combined with the characteristics of reservoir sediment, and on-site monitoring data, the impacts of water quality on the dredging operation of the reservoir, water intake and the test dredging work area were investigated and analyzed. Comprehensive routine monitoring data and special monitoring data, test dredging engineering did not have a significant impact on the water quality of Duihekou reservoir. The water quality of water intake and the test area was not significantly changed. And the upstream tended to improve, through precipitation and water purification treatment.

In order to study the effect of dredging project on water supply safety of the reservoir, a case study of Duihekou reservoir is taken in this paper. On the basis of the characteristics of water environment, sediment and the surrounding pollution, analyze of the related activities of the project, predict the influence of the water head site dredging project on water environment, especially water intake and scenic area. The results show that chain bucket dredger only has a certain impact on the dredging area and nearby, the overall impact on the water quality of the reservoir is small, and the dredging project does not affect the water intake basically. Disturbance effect of wetland type dredging dredger is similar to chain bucket dredger.

A spatial regression model between regional economy and water-use efficiency was built by using per capita GDP and water consumption of every ten thousand yuan of all the cities in Jiangsu province during 2009 to 2011. Based on spatial correlation analysis between economy and water-use efficiency in Jiangsu province through Moran’s index, local Lisa figure and Moran scatter chart, the regional economy development and water-use efficiency in Jiangsu province are obviously spatial-clustered, decreasing progressively from southern, central to northern cities. When considering the relationship between per capita GDP and water use of per every ten thousand yuan, HH zone does not exist, LH zone includes Xuzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Suqian, Yancheng and Yangzhou cities, LL zone is Taizhou, and HL zone includes Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou and Zhenjiang cities. It could be concluded that spatial differences of regional economic developing level is the most significant factor to water-use efficiency.

Kosi basin located between the north Nepal and south Tibet of China has abundant water resources. Its recharge sources are glacier meltwater and precipitation in this area. However due to the topographical effects, the distribution of rainfall is uneven in space and time. In order to guarantee the harmonious development of social economy, it’s necessary to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources. This paper adopts GIS spatial analysis methods to establish evaluation indexes of water resources sustainable based on DPSIR model, and determine the weights of each evaluation index by utilizing analytic hierarchy process. The results show that: (1) the proposed methods can reflect the development level of regional water resources system and its harmonious state with society and economy. (2) The comprehensive evaluation value changes are between 4.0 and 6.9. (3) The sustainable utilization level gradually increases from northwest to southeast. (4) The presented methods can quantitatively evaluate the sustainability of regional water resources.

The process of feature selection (FS) is a substantial task that has a significant effect in the performance of a given algorithm. The goal is to choose a subset of available features by eliminating the unnecessary features. This hybrid algorithm is in maximising the classification performance and minimising the number of features to achieve an outstanding performance through a less complex procedure. From the experiments, FSMOGSA was noted to be quite unparalleled in comparison with other methods in reducing the error rate, and maximising the general performance through irrelevant feature reduction.

Time-series of 8-day composite MODIS surface reflectance product (MOD09A1) data were used to identify the spatial patterns of double-season early rice, single-season middle rice and double-season late rice of Hunan Province, China in 2010. Firstly, the available MODIS images of transplanting and heading stages were assured in accordance with the schedules of local traditional paddy fields tillage in 2010, and then time-series NDVI images were smoothed by Harmonic Analysis of Time Series (HANTS) algorithm to remove the noise and the atmospheric effects. Secondly, the spatial distribution and planting acreage of three types of rice were derived from combining the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) according to the water background and variation characteristics of NDVI values at transplanting and heading stages. Finally, the accuracy evaluation was performed by the statistical data. The results showed that three types of rice were mainly distributed along the Dongting Lake Basin in Hunan Province and the relative errors were −10.99 %, 1.46 %, −5.87 %, respectively.

Vector data integration is an important function in Urban Public Participation GIS Platform (UPPGP). Most current researches drill down the issue without considering two points: (1) the inner connections among different urban elements. (2) The temporal meaning of each object. The neglect of these points causes redundant storage and inefficient retrieval problems in smart city applications. In view of that, a spatio-temporal geocoding model for vector data integration is proposed in this paper. The model regards the urban entity element as the bridge between economic element and event element, so the task turns to find a way to uniquely identify the urban entities to avoid ambiguity and redundancy when entity objects connect with other type of objects during integration. Based on the object-oriented spatio-temporal data model, the entity object is constructed by type, space and time codes using concept lattice and regional GeoHash technologies. The method computes code similarity for each entity object to decide whether to put the object into storage. Experiments on the real UPPGP of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city show that it can avoid data redundancy and ambiguity effectively.

This paper aims at examining the relationship between urban amenities, talents concentration and urban income in Chinese cities. Structural equation model (SEM) is employed in investigating the hypothesis that urban amenities attract talents and thus can help improve urban income. The results draw three conclusions. Firstly, the variable of Wholesale and retail trades, Real Estate, Culture, Sports and Entertainment are significant in predicting talents concentration. Secondly, there is a strong correlation between talents and urban income performance. Lastly, talents play as a very crucial link between urban amenities and urban income. The implications are urban amenities should be paid more attention to at both the policy and planning levels.

Understanding the driving forces of cropland loss is important for land resource management and sustainable development. This paper aimed to identify the effects of physical and socioeconomic factors of cropland loss in a rapid urbanizing area–Beijing. Geographical detector was used to analyze the importance of drivers and the cropland loss intensity in space. Our results showed that physical factors were generally more influential than socioeconomic factors and their effects changed over time. Urban land was the most important factor during the late 1980s–2000, while woodland became the most influential one in 2000–2010 due to the Sloping Land Conversion Program. Also, the rural settlement in the surrounding area got more influential than urban land in the later period. At last, the cropland loss intensity showed clear but different relationships with most factors. These findings can offer government useful information to protect the cropland and thus maintain sustainable development.

Geo-Informatic Tupu is a complex spatio-temporal analysis method. Its detailed, simple image analysis and expression ways can be better meet the crime spatio-temporal analysis needs. This paper summarizes the research background and current situation of crime spatio-temporal analysis, and discusses the significance and content of this research. And also this paper puts forward own ideas about research ways, which is in order to provide a new method for method references and decision supports in the crime spatio-temporal analysis practices.

Understanding the influence of land uses on vegetation cover can guide both the restoration and the historical reconstruction of vegetation communities. In this study, we developed a linear decomposition model for vegetation cover, with the model’s endmembers determined using a pixel purity index. Using remote sensing images from 1978, 1987, 2000, and 2005, we calculated normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, and used the linear decomposition model to estimate the changes in vegetation cover in China’s Yongding River Basin due to climate change. We performed regressions among NDVI values, climate factors, and slope, and reconstructed NDVI (thus, vegetation cover). Based on classification of the remote sensing images from the four dates, we analyzed the influence of land use and cover change on vegetation cover under two climate scenarios: (1) The climate in the previous period remains unchanged, so the precipitation and temperature in 1978, 1987, and 2000 replaced the values in 1987, 2000, and 2005, respectively. In this scenario, the decrease in vegetation cover from 1978 to 1987 in most of the basin ranged from 20 to 60 %. The vegetation cover in most of the basin increased from 1987 to 2000. From 2000 to 2005, vegetation cover decreased in northern parts of the basin but increased in the middle, eastern, and southern parts. (2) The 1978 precipitation and temperature values remain unchanged. In this scenario, vegetation cover increased by 40 to 60 % from 1987 to 2000 in the eastern part of the basin and by 0 to 40 % in the middle and western parts. From 2000 to 2005, vegetation cover decreased in most of the basin, but increased in some middle and eastern areas.

Wind is the principal driver in some wind erosion models. The hourly wind speed data were generally required for precisely wind erosion modeling. In this study, a novel method to generate hourly wind speed data from daily wind statistics (daily average and maximum wind speeds together or daily average wind speed only) was established. Two typical windy locations (Lubbock and Big Spring, Texas, USA) with measured hourly wind speed data were used to validate the downscaling method. The results showed that the overall agreement between observed and simulated cumulative wind speed probability distributions appears excellent, especially for the wind speeds greater than 5 m s−1 range (erosive wind speed). The results further revealed that the values of daily average erosive wind power density (AWPD) calculated from generated wind speeds fit the counterparts computed from measured wind speeds well with high models’ efficiency (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient).

Palm color [1] is of important significance for the clinical auxiliary diagnosis [2]. The extraction [3] of palm color feature used HSV colormodel [4]. The interval of three color components are extracted and enlarged after experimental analysis. To reduce the processing complexity, each component has been quantized according to color density. Extract the color spots used watershed segmentation algorithm based on control tags and the spots have been divided into several categories. It provides high performance with recognition rate, and reduces the running time, which can identify the palm color spots quickly.

Among the existing study of land subsidence, there is almost no consideration about the effects of building load and groundwater exploitation at the same time. Based on the consideration of these issues, this study designs the physical model test to simulate the subsidence effected by the building load and analysis the tendency of subsidence from the soil mechanics. Lastly, taking the typical geological structure of floodplain as an example, a coupling model is established considering both effects of building load and groundwater exploitation, its high accuracy of fitting and prediction shows that the coupling model can be used to simulate the land subsidence.

Disasters caused by snowmelt flood in mountains and high latitudes (e.g. Xinjiang, China) happen seriously every year for the lack of effective means for accurate prediction, early warning and risk assessment at present. As snowmelt flood involves meteorology, hydrology, disaster science and other disciplines, multidisciplinary research is demanded largely. This paper comprehensively considers the integration of snow-covered area monitoring, snow-depth retrieval, snowmelt runoff, hydrology and the assessment of disaster risk, proposes a new risk assessment framework for snowmelt flood. And then the extraction of hydro-network with Arc Hydro Tools is described taking Juntanghu Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China where snowmelt flood happens frequently as a case. Hydro-Network is a data model for following hydrology simulation.

This research put emphasis on the specific characteristics of climate risk as well as the impact factors of vulnerabilities in metropolis. Furthermore, grounded on the approach of participatory analysis, this research carried out the case studies in Shanghai, which reflected how different the stakeholders had the perception of climate risk and the demands of adaptation. The participatory stakeholder analysis in Shanghai depicted the different adaption demands. The research outcomes discussed the force driving factors of metropolitan climate risk including coastal geographic location, the population vulnerabilities (aging and high-density population), ecological vulnerabilities (the degraded ecological bearing capacities and resilience) and the vulnerabilities of economic structures. All in all, the metropolitan areas should build more incremental adaptive capabilities. In Shanghai’ case, it should be highlighted of adaptive capabilities building in communicates and eco-logical environments.

Spatially explicit distribution of mean annual precipitation are required in the quantitative research on several water-related issues. The difference of distribution of precipitation has complicated reasons, one of them being the spatial correlation between multivariate meteorological factors. In this study, collaborative kriging interpolation (CKI) was used to estimate the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation in China. Precipitation data from 756 meteorological stations were used, and spatial correlations between seven meteorological factors were analyzed, including annual precipitation, average barometric pressure, average wind speed, average temperature, average water pressure, average relative humidity, and annual average sunshine hours. The estimation results were assessed by means of cross-validation with the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicated that adding the spatial correlation analysis between multivariate meteorological factors can help improve the prediction performance.

This paper explored the spatio-temporal patterns of vegetation productivity based on MODIS-NDVI and spatial auto-correlation analysis in the grassland of Inner Mongolia, China during 2011–2013. Two statistics indices, i.e., spatial auto-correlation and semi variance function, were applied in the analysis. The results showed that: (1) at regional scale, the NDVI presented a positive spatial auto-correlation, while at local scope NDVI showed high-high auto-correlation in the eastern part of the study region where the vegetation cover was relatively best. In contrast, NDVI displayed low-low auto-correlation in the western area where the vegetation cover was poor. (2) During 2011 to 2013, the structural factors explained 70 % of the total spatial variations impacting the vegetation cover, and the annual precipitation also played a significant role in the spatial variation of vegetation cover.

In identifying water bodies from remote sensing imagery, a mismatch between grid data boundary and vector boundary has always existed but was seldom studied. Therefore, area errors between grid imagery boundaries and vector real boundaries are the subject of this study. A solution based on the sub-pixel classification method was developed to analyse these errors. A case study from Lake Manasarowar in China showed that the area error proposed in this study is larger than that from different interpretation methods. It was concluded that uncertainties from mixed boundary pixels were greater than that from different methods for identifying lake area using the remote sensing imagery in the study area. Overall, area error analyses for grid imagery boundaries and vector real boundaries are necessary for identifying water bodies from remote sensing imagery. It is also useful for the interpretation of other continuous bodies, such as glaciers.

It is crucial for assessing the eutrophication risk of lake by analyzing the phosphorus (P) balance of lake watershed quantitively. A mass balance method was used to calculate P balance of both Yangzonghai lake watershed and the lake itself in one year. The imported P load was 725.1 t in 2010, while the exported P load was 317.3 t, which indicated that 56.2 % (407.8 t yr−1) of P was retained in the lake watershed. Such a high retention load implied that the lake, which was mesotrophic, was under great pressure of further eutrophication. Among all the input pathways, the largest P input contributor was fertilizer, contributing 679.0 t P and accounting for 93.6 % of input P, followed by atmospheric deposition (44.7 t P, 6.2 %). Plant product (264.6 t, 83.4 %) was the largest P output contributor, followed by animal products (50.2 t, 15.8 %).

This paper applied an integrated spatial regression model to explore the associations between ten environmental variables and the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). A subtype H5N1 cases in wild birds and poultry in China, and to predict the spatial distribution of HPAI H5N1 relative risk. Here a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) incorporated with a variogram model through its random effects item, used as the spatial regression model. Four environmental variables were found to have significant effects, including annual mean temperature, poultry density, distance to lakes and wetlands, and distance to bird migration routes. The Root Mean Square Error of arbitrary 15 sample data was 11.56. Further, the high predicted relative risk areas of HPAI H5N1 were mainly in the Northwest, Middle, Southwest and Southeast part of China. With its simple structure and good prediction ability, this spatial regression model was very promising for predicting the risk of other disease.

Cultivated land resource is not only the material foundation of survival and development of human, but also the essential factors guaranteeing the national food security strategy, maintaining the social stability and ensuring the sustainable development of eco-environment. The evaluation of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resource is a significant topic of regional land utilization research. In this paper, current situation and problems in cultivated land resource is analyzed for the research region centered on Chengdu Plain focusing on the urban-rural development and new rural construction based on the basic theories, including the sustainable development theory, human-land relation theory, control theory, etc. and the evaluation index system of sustainable cultivated land resource utilization is constructed for evaluating the state and variation trend of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resource from 2002 to 2010. According to the results, over the past decade, the cultivated land resource of Chengdu Plain was in sustainable, displaying the fluctuation characteristics. Although from 2003 to 2008, the comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resource increased, the overall sustainability was low, and the situation was not optimistic.

The ancient Puer tea horse road is one of significant nodes in the ancient Yunnan-Tibet tea horse road. Now By way of site investigation and GIS information technology, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) we has carried on the value evaluation and classification, and using GIS software combined with of the adjacent index model has carried on the analysis of space characteristics. The main results are as follows: We have completed the resources composition and value assessment of the linear cultural heritage corridor. And have determined heritages identification and login, and have completed the heritage spatial characteristics analysis. The spatial distribution of heritage is two typical characteristics: between heritage point the spatial agglomeration degree is high and there are significant grade differences. The distance between heritage point and the ancient road within 10 km covers 80 % of the number of heritage, it provide the basis for the width of the protecting corridor.

Crater rays are among the most prominent lunar features that are radial or subradial to fresh impact craters. According to the latest more than 800 rayed impact craters with asymmetric ejecta in a latitude zone from 75°N to 75°S using Chang’E imageries, the spatial pattern of projectile direction of crater rays on the moon, namely the nearside-farside, leading side-trailing side and latitudinal variations, have been analyzed. The results suggest that: (1) the projectiles the rayed craters created mainly come from northeast direction while the number of projectiles coming from southwest direction is small; (2) in the nearside, projectiles from north direction can account for nearly 15 % of the whole projectiles. Yet in the farside, the number of projectiles makes up no more than 10 % of the total. On the other hand, the discrepancy is characterized by smaller frequency in the east direction on the trailing side while that is in higher frequency on the leading side direction; (3) with the latitude increases, the projectiles concentrate coming from one or two directions. The spatial variation suggests that the asteroid belt can well explain the dominant direction of projectiles concentrates in northeast direction and rayed craters on the Moon are formed mainly by near-Earth asteroids rather than comets with higher encounter velocities.

Shenyang City is one of the largest and important industrial cities in the northeast in China which plays an important role in the development of regional economy. With the increasing level of urbanization and industrialization, the air pollution problem has also been frequently appeared in the public sight. In order to better understand the distribution and time-varying of the pollutants in this area. A coupled model of WRF/CALPUFF was chosen to simulate the changing trend of sulfur oxides from 30 January 00 h UTC to 1 January 00 h UTC(winter episode) in 2014. By comparing the two datasets of measured and simulated, a conclusion that the effects of terrain characteristic and wind speed and direction on SO₂ are better reproduced by the model than the effects of temperature. Also, the result shows that the WRF/CALPUFF model can reproduce satisfactorily meteorology fields and SO₂ changing trend.

The biochar is one of the products of biomass pyrolysis. Because of its aromatic structure it has the potential for long-term carbon sequestration. The biochar also has a great effect on the improvement for the soil fertility, and it incorporation in soils influences soil structure, density, texture, porosity, and particle size distribution. In this paper, the research status of the influencing factors of biochar`s characteristics and the development of the carbonization equipment are summarized, which indicates researches for biochar in future should focus on systematic comparison and summary of the influencing factors of biochar`s characteristics, which made by the same species growing in different regions and different species, and the combination of different factors for the effect of biochar. The future carbonization equipment should be designed with higher efficiency, stability and automation.

Emission trading and market mechanism have increasingly become crucial policy measures to promote sustainable development. Coupled with carbon emission reduction credit trading, carbon emission allowance trading under the cap-and-trade scheme is also steadily developing in China. To learn from the EU ETS’s experience, the paper applied the IRF-DCC model to explore the dynamic nonlinear relations between EUA and CER markets. Empirical results indicate that EUA and CER are dynamically and conditionally correlated both in the spot and future markets. Correlations of spot volatilities are highly instable and market dependent while correlations of future volatilities are relatively stable and independent.

The paper proposed a kind of 3Dscene modeling considering of SketchUp software, tiling map and ArcGIS for three-dimensional data management, query and spatial analysis. The experiment shows that the approach is much validated, and something useful is obtained.

In this paper, the ecological footprint in Shaanxi Province during the period from 2000 to 2010 is calculated and analyzed. The analysis is based on the theory and methodology of ecological print, with natural resource production and consumption, population and land use data from the FAO database and Shaanxi Statistical Yearbooks. Ecological deficit was demonstrated that from 2000 to 2010, indicating an unsustainable ecological development in Shaanxi province.

The problem of collision risk in free flight with a certain safe distance is studied. In free flight, the collision risk is closely related to the aircraft position error. With the stochastic characteristics, we set the position error to satisfy a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution, and established the position error model of the aircraft in the horizontal and the vertical direction. Determine the location and the time when the two aircrafts are closest by the nominal route, and calculate the probability that the aircraft appears at any point near the theoretical position by the position error model. Because every collision occurs after conflict, we calculated the conflict probability first, and then modeled the collision risk given safe distance in free flight. Moreover, the algorithm is presented to use this collision risk model to obtain the minimum safe distance with a safety target level. The results of case study show the feasibility of this model.

This paper established a 3D evacuation path model aimed at the internal area of buildings through a case study on fire emergency in large-scale buildings. Besides, the optimum evacuation path was planned. By combining analytic hierarchy process with expert scoring method, factors of influencing path in planning were analyzed and corresponding weights were gained as coefficients of distance attribute in the path. Besides, the actual path was worked out via A* algorithm, so as to obtain the 3D evacuation path model. With very important theoretical significance for safe personnel evacuation when fire disasters are handled, this path model will help the government enhance its ability of disposing and preventing fire disasters and other emergencies.

In order to research the adaptability of cosmic-ray neutron method in soil moisture measurement and serve the management and decision of animal husbandry, continuous monitoring was conducted by the Cosmic-Ray Sensing probe (CRS) in desert steppe. By comparing with measuring results of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), the consistency of soil moisture measured by CRS and TDR and the sensitivity in response of soil moisture with both methods to rainfall were researched. Results show that a good consistency of soil moisture measured by CRS and TDR is achieved and that TDR isn’t sensitive to rainfall, while CRS can not only respond quickly to rainfall but also reveal clearly corresponding changes of soil moisture led by different rainfalls. It’s concluded that cosmic-ray neutron method can measure soil moisture and reflect its dynamic change accurately in desert steppe and provide decision basis for the modern animal husbandry management.

Since the 1990s, the research of Land use - cover change (LUCC) has become an important field of global environment change. This problem becomes especially important in China because of its huge population and relatively small area. During the process of urbanization, land-use changed dramatically in suburban area of large cities in the central area of China such as Wuhan. With the classification interpretation of the TM/ETM remote sensing images of Wuhan city in 2000 and 2007, this paper comprehensively analyzes land use dynamic characteristics of Wuhan city during the 8 years by using GIS technology. This study reveals that during the 8 years, the arable land declined fast and the confliction between the human beings and land resources becomes more severely, as the continued expansion of urban construction land, part of local section is not highly developed and it also has an impact on the ecological environment.

In order to promote the construction of water conservancy modernization, an architecture of municipal water resources application system based on GIS, along with the calculation model and functional structure of surface water resources management subsystem and groundwater resources management subsystem, that are the core components within the application system, were discussed throughout this paper. The application system has been used in several small-medium size cities in Shandong Province, and has achieved good economic and social benefits.

Water environment early warning is an effective mean to predict and evaluate the impacts of droughts or water pollutions and provide a basis for decision-making to relieve the damage, which will be beneficial to social security and economic development. Taking Tongzhou District, Nantong City as the research area, this paper established a water environment early warning system based on Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, the main functions of which include gradual changing and sudden water environment early warning modules. Then the paper simulated an industrial wastewater leakage accident in Tongzhou District and calculated the influence time, influence scale and warning level. The result demonstrates that this early warning system is practicable and can be applied to provide technical supports for relevant departments to take emergency measures.

Ground coupled heat pump (GCHP) is an efficient air-conditioning technology, which is good to sustainable development of energy use. In order to make GCHP system operate efficiently in long term, soil needs to be maintained heat balance in an annual cycle. If necessary, auxiliary heat or cold source is also needed. A soil heat balance theory was proposed, and it contained heat balance equation and annual heat balance rate of soil. Soil heat balance point and floating range were derived, and the upper and lower limit of the range correspond to cold and hot critical region, respectively. And heat balance point 80 % and floating range 65 %~95 % were obtained according to experimental data, which can be used as indicators to measure soil heat balance. The soil heat balance theory can be used to investigate the regional applicability of a GCHP system with auxiliary heat or cold source, and design an efficient system which can maintain soil heat balance.

Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping and decision support systems use in forestry in China is still relatively limited, especially the large-scale mapping and specialized software development. However this application area has witnessed a growth in its market from various customers. This research has designed and implemented a new Forest Form Mapping System for China’s Forest Resources, as well as a platform for research, education and decision support to achieve the goal of sustainable environmental management. The project has demonstrated how GPS data and data from the second national forest survey of China can be integrated, visualized, and reported in a.NET and ArcEngine-based system. Given its flexible architecture and user friendly interface, it is suitable for a variety of applications in forest resource management.

In this paper, a ground-based SAR interferometry technology was used to monitor major engineering. This technology has been recognized as a powerful tool for terrain monitoring and structural change detecting. Deformation monitoring for Bridge has been a hot issue among them. According to GBSAR interferometry principle and characteristics of IBIS system, the authors analysis the error sources of deformation monitoring, and experimentally extract atmospheric phase which should removed based on permanent scatterer analysis. Atmospheric disturbance effect analysis is discussed in this paper, and an atmospheric correction method is proposed to remove atmospheric effect, then the effective displacement can be retrieved. Results from this approach have been compared with that from traditional method in this campaign, GBInSAR technology can be exploited successfully in deformation monitoring for major projects with high accuracy [1–3].

Chinese oceanic fisheries have already covered seven main ocean area, including East Pacific, West Pacific, Middle Atlantic, North Pacific, Southeast Pacific, Southwest Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Based on the ocean environment data obtained from remote sensing and fishing historical data, the fishing ground analysis and forecasting information system has been constructed for Chinese oceanic fisheries. This paper briefly described the concerned remote sensing data, system architecture, client and models. Then a case application for tuna of the Indian Ocean was given at the end of the paper. The whole system has already in operation as making and delivering the forecasting information product every week.

Many scholars have done a lot of research on “3S” technology in application of land change. But theoretical research for land management information system of labeling is less. In this paper, based on the “3S” technology as the support, researched construction land management information sheathed annotation of Nanjing area, and analyzed the study results. The conclusion shows: The 3S technology application in the register of land management information has a great advantage, to a great extent; improve the working efficiency and the accuracy of the result data.

BIM technology is a kind of brand-new concept which involves a series of innovation and change from the planning, design theory to construction, maintenance technology, it is the development trend of information construction. BIM technology research will have important application value and broad application prospects for building life-cycle management, it has the extremely vital significance to improve the level of the construction design, construction, and operation of scientific and technological level, and promote the construction industry level of modernization and informatization.

Service-oriented architecture and web service technology provide a method for geospatial information sharing and service chain building. From the development of geographical information system, this paper explores the concept and theory of geospatial information service, focuses on the key technologies in service chain, such as registration and discovery of spatial information service, demand expansion customized UDDI and service composition method. By designing service chain reference model, services registry and catalog, this paper builds a house demolition and land expropriation processing service portfolio in the city railway line planning. The geospatial information service chain provides practical application reference, which can be applied to the construction of spatial information sharing and professional application.

Faced with the status in big data era of information explosion, the conventional geographic information system can no longer meet the demands of storage and processing with a sea of data. The cloud computing as with ultra-large-scale server and high versatility and reliability of the new generation service model, just to meet the future needs of GIS. The paper design and implement the Geographic Information Storage System with Hadoop. The thesis has the following components: The brief analysis of the Hadoop implementation of the advantages of geographic information systems and the shortcomings of conventional GIS. Analysing the process of image processing and storage in Hadoop and conventional GIS to explore the suitability of the geographic information storage system built in Hadoop. The efficient image storage on HDFS cutting and generate image pyramid data for a large graphic.

Site selection of post-earthquake reconstruction needs to process spatial data, and economic and human factors. There are both certainties and fuzzy uncertainties. Also quantitative data and qualitative data coexist due to different data types and precision. A reasonable location decision requires a comprehensive understanding and full use of these data. This paper introduced the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) approach to the assessment of candidate areas acquired from the geological safety analysis of the study area. The proposed evaluation indices mainly consisted of natural resources, ecological protection, human protection, urban construction, transportation and development potential. The valid results show that the proposed method can be applied to site selection of post-earthquake reconstruction.

Shanghai is one height developed area in China, the clay resources is consumed rapidly, so it has important significance to do the utilization status research of clay resources using RS and GIS. The utilization status of clay resources could be known according to the production status of brickfield. In this article the remote sensing images which respectively gotten in 2011 and 2014 were used, and remote sensing interpretation interior were combined with field surveying. This study showed that one brickfield could be confirmed through identify three landmarks: brick kiln, brick dump, billet dump. There were 66 brickfields were confirmed in the remote sensing images of 2011, and 41 brickfields were confirmed in the remote sensing images of 2014. Some scientific decision-making support was provided by this research for mines management department in government, to maintain the normal development and using order.

In order to realize the quantitative monitoring of modern tobacco cultivation in karst mountainous area, This paper take the Liuchang modern tobacco agriculture base in Qingzhen City Guizhou as the study area, According to the tobacco planting characteristics in karst mountainous area, with Radarsat-2 data source, choose radar image of tobacco in different growth period. After image preprocessing, calculated the tobacco scattering coefficient in different periods with different polarization, combined the field investigation data, utilized the coupling relationship of different backscattering of polarization tobacco radar data and the corresponding period fresh tobacco of weight establish three polynomial estimation model to estimate the yield of tobacco in different growth periods and verified the accuracy of the modelby the measured data. The results shown that: the overall accuracy of tobacco vigorous, mature period estimation models were respectively above 97 % and 94 %. Establish three polynomial estimation model with SAR backscatter coefficient and tobacco fresh weight can reflect the weight of tobacco well and meet the tobacco yield of estimation requirements in karst mountainous area, provide technical support for modern tobacco monitor widely.

Based on planetary boundary theory, this paper has analyzed the national biodiversity capability (BC) and environmental footprint (EF) among countries involved in the OBOR Initiatives; calculated their respective biocapability deficit or reserves (DR); and evaluated their environmental sustainability (ESPI) upon the humanity’s development requirements (HDI). It aims to assess the environmental supporting capability from a regional broad view in realizing the success of OBOR strategy, and further to provide references for regional sustainable development. The methodology could also be suggestive in regional development studies and sustainability evaluation from a environmental friendly perspective.

Remarkable changes of vegetation cover in the Loess Plateau occurred in the latest 20 years. Land use/land cover (LULC) data of 1985, 1999 and 2009 were collected based on Landsat MSS, TM and MODIS remote sensing data. Results show that the widely implemented ecological restoration policies obtained a great success, achieving remarkable vegetation recovery and soil conservation in the Loess Plateau.

Mesozoic oil-gas exploration of Sugan lake depression in northern margin of Qaidam Basin is low relatively. In order to understand the controlling factors and enrichment rules of reservoir formation in this depression, this paper based on analysis of single well buried history, by using thermometry of fluid inclusions in reservoirs and the fourier transform infrared spectrograph, to determine the formation time and stage of reservoir. We restore burial history and original stratigraphic thicknesses, which is 1440 m and 319 m respectively. The mean homogeneous temperature value of saline fluid inclusion coexisted with oil-bearing fluid inclusion in Middle-Jurassic Dameigou Group reservoir is 72°C. Combined with single well burial history and temperature history, the formation time of reservoir is 100 Ma, which formed in tectonic return period of Early Cretaceous. Organic inclusions at different depths have the same characteristics of fourier transform infrared spectrograph, which means the accumulation periods are uniform.