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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

12. Geologic Analogs

Author : Andreas Laake

Published in: Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The interpretation of subsurface structures for hydrocarbon reservoirs from 3D seismic data is a challenging task since seismic reflections are not uniquely correlated with rock and fluid types of depositional environments. Geologic analogs assist building subsurface models and correlating them with present-day geological settings thus enabling the explorer to assess the risk of success when planning to drill certain structures. Following the exploration strategy of delineating the structural framework first and then interpreting the available data for lithology and depositional environments, we have structured the section on geologic analogs accordingly:

Structural analogs. These comprise analogs assisting the interpretation for regional structural styles such as rifting and pull-apart settings and delineation of regional faults through the alignment of karst features. Structural trap risking analogs comprise relay ramps and extensional fault settings. Salt tectonic analogs can be used for both, potential trap delineation as well as trap risking.

Depositional analogs. We sub-divide these into source analogs for example from algal mats and marshes, reservoir and seal analogs. For reservoir analogs we distinguish carbonate settings with reefs, carbonate platforms, shoals and tidal channels, whereas analogs for clastic settings contribute fluvio-marine settings from floodplains, deltas, tidal channels and fan deltas.

Erosional analogs. We distinguish between carbonate settings comprising different types of karsting such as dolines and fluvial karsting. Clastic settings are represented by various glacial settings from sub-glacial tunnel valleys, glacial valleys, sub-glacial features and moraines. Glacial analogs can also indicate the direction of the ice advance through analysis of the orientation of sub-glacial drumlins.

For each analog we assess the remote sensing method best suited to extract the geologic characteristics needed for subsurface basin and reservoir modeling. Often, we combine data sets and render them in specific ways to highlight the wanted characteristics.

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Title: Geologic Analogs
Author: Andreas Laake
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73318-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-73319-3

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73319-3_12

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