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2018 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Global Satellite Meteorological Observation (GSMO) Theory

Volume 1

Author: Stojče Dimov Ilčev

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book presents the principal structure of space systems, functionality, media and applications for modern remote sensing, transmission systems, meteorological antennas, propagation meteorological observation and transferring weather data from satellite to the ground infrastructures and users. The book starts with a short background to the development of Radio and Space systems including overview, concepts and applications of satellite communications in function of transfer meteorological observation data and images. It goes on to discuss the fundamental principles of the space platforms and orbital parameters, lows of satellite motions, new types of launching systems, satellite orbits and geometric relations, spacecraft configuration, payload structure, type of onboard antenna systems, satellite orbits and components of satellite bus. The author also provides comprehensive coverage of baseband and transmission systems, fundamentals of atmospheric electromagnetic radiation, satellite meteorological parameters and instruments, and research and applications in antenna systems and propagation. This is a companion book of Global Satellite Meteorological Observation Applications (Springer).

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Meteorological satellites have become essential for both meteorological observation and weather forecasting, continuing the fundamental concepts of conventional data exchange and international cooperation, which have been traditional for more than 150 years. They provide vital data at frequent intervals over wide observation areas, in the context of the international cooperation needed to ensure adequate worldwide data coverage. This kind of cooperation can be at local level provided by one country, continental level that integrates group of countries providing and global availability of data over nearly one quarter of the Earth surface and third level of cooperation is providing integration of previous two levels providing meteorological data available globally.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 2. Space Segment
Abstract
The space segment of an artificial satellite system is one of its three main operational components, the other two being the ground and user segments. It comprises the satellite or satellite constellation and the uplink and downlink satellite links. The overall design of the operational satellite with payload, transponders and satellite bus, ground segment with transmission and antenna systems and end-to-end system of users is a complex task. Satellite communications payload design must be properly coupled with the capabilities and interaction with the spacecraft bus that provides power, stability and environmental support to the payload.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 3. Baseband and Transmission Systems
Abstract
This chapter is explaining the theoretical framework of baseband signals and transmission systems between meteorological satellites and ground Earth stations infrastructures as very important segment in reception and distribution of meteorological data. Different early satellite systems, primarily communication and later meteorological were used the analog transmission technique. Although modern satellite communication networks are still using the analog technique, the rapid development of high-speed digital satellite equipment is fostering a new trend toward completely digital satellite transmissions.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 4. Atmospheric Electromagnetic Radiation
Abstract
This chapter is introducing the practical and theoretical fundamentals of Earth atmospheric electromagnetic (EM) radiation as an integration sequence of satellite meteorological and weather observation. Some radiation of the EM spectrum is absorbed by the atmosphere, but some is passing through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth’s surface, such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet and microwave radiations. At this point, EM radiation is energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium like atmosphere in the form of EM waves.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 5. Satellite Meteorological Parameters
Abstract
Satellite meteorological parameters help to provide the initial conditions for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Desired fields include those of temperature, moisture, winds, clouds, fog, aerosols, precipitation, surface properties, heating and other parameters. Thus, for high horizontal resolution and global coverage, weather satellite data are an unrivaled source of NWP information. The basic form of this information is satellite sensor-incident, wavelength-dependent radiance or equivalently and brightness temperature. The process of retrieving meteorological data from the observed radiances involves solving an inverse problem, which often is ill posed or poorly conditioned. In fact, a variety of methods have been used to make the inverse problem more tractable, such as in essence, for which some a priori information is required. The inverse problem in meteorology is the opposite of the calculation of radiances, given the relevant meteorological profiles, surface conditions and sensor geometry. This so-called forward problem is an integral part of physical retrieval methods that are now generally favored over conventional statistical retrieval methods.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 6. Satellite Meteorological Instruments
Abstract
In this chapter are introduced satellite meteorological instruments for installation onboard Polar Earth Orbit (PEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. In addition, it will include other satellite instruments, radiation and broadband instruments. Thus, research and technology innovation on design, implementing and exploiting new satellite meteorological instruments that will provide unprecedented details of the weather at different levels of the atmosphere is making good progress.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Chapter 7. Antenna Systems and Propagation
Abstract
In the beginning of radio development, radio communication systems were conceived for the transmission and receiving of telegraphy and telephony signals via antenna systems. The consideration of antenna transmission is inevitable where their propagation characteristics are much affected by different and changeable local environments during movement of mobile and differ greatly from those observed in fixed satellite systems. To create antenna hardware for mobile and fixed systems, engineers have to consider all related factors in order to realize full mechanical and transmission potentials.
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Global Satellite Meteorological Observation (GSMO) Theory
Author
Stojče Dimov Ilčev
Copyright Year
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-67119-2
Print ISBN
978-3-319-67118-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67119-2