Skip to main content
Top

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Grey Wolf, Firefly and Bat Algorithms: Three Widespread Algorithms that Do Not Contain Any Novelty

Authors : Christian Leonardo Camacho Villalón, Thomas Stützle, Marco Dorigo

Published in: Swarm Intelligence

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, we carry out a review of the grey wolf, the firefly and the bat algorithms. We identify the concepts involved in these three metaphor-based algorithms and compare them to those proposed in the context of particle swarm optimization. We provide compelling evidence that the grey wolf, the firefly, and the bat algorithms are not novel, but a reiteration of ideas introduced first for particle swarm optimization and reintroduced years later using new natural metaphors. These three algorithms can therefore be added to the growing list of metaphor-based algorithms—to which already belong algorithms such as harmony search and intelligent water drops—that are nothing else than repetitions of old ideas hidden by the usage of new terminology.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Grey Wolf Optimizer  [14]: 3656 citations; Firefly Algorithm  [28]: 3018 citations; and Bat Algorithm  [29]: 3549 citations. Source: Google Scholar. Retrieved: July 10, 2020.
 
2
Although search is not an activity in the hunting phases of wolves, the authors explain it as “the divergence among wolves during hunting in order to find a fitter prey” [14, p. 50].
 
3
Note that in the following we will use the shorter notation \(\varphi ^{\textit{\textbf{w}},\textit{\textbf{m}}}_t\) when the meaning is clear from the context.
 
4
In this paper, we consider minimization problems; the obvious adaptation should be made in case of maximization problems.
 
5
Due to the constraint that both conditions have to be met, it may be the case that \(\textit{\textbf{z}}^{i}_{t}\) is rejected even when its quality is higher than that of \(\textit{\textbf{g}}_{t}\).
 
6
Note that, although in this paper we compared BA with PSO and SA, BA could also be interpreted as a variant of differential evolution (DE) [25]. This is because the probability \(\rho ^i_t\) and the \(\texttt {Accept}\) criterion in BA are used in the same way as the mutation probability and the acceptance between donor and trial vectors in DE [18].
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Arumugam, M.S., Murthy, G.R., Rao, M., Loo, C.X.: A novel effective particle swarm optimization like algorithm via extrapolation technique. In: International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, pp. 516–521. IEEE (2007) Arumugam, M.S., Murthy, G.R., Rao, M., Loo, C.X.: A novel effective particle swarm optimization like algorithm via extrapolation technique. In: International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, pp. 516–521. IEEE (2007)
2.
5.
go back to reference Clerc, M.: Standard particle swarm optimisation from 2006 to 2011. Open archive HAL hal-00764996, HAL (2011) Clerc, M.: Standard particle swarm optimisation from 2006 to 2011. Open archive HAL hal-00764996, HAL (2011)
6.
go back to reference Clerc, M., Kennedy, J.: The particle swarm-explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6(1), 58–73 (2002)CrossRef Clerc, M., Kennedy, J.: The particle swarm-explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6(1), 58–73 (2002)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Eberhart, R., Kennedy, J.: A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, pp. 39–43 (1995) Eberhart, R., Kennedy, J.: A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, pp. 39–43 (1995)
8.
go back to reference Kennedy, J.: Bare bones particle swarms. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, SIS 2003 (Cat. No. 03EX706), pp. 80–87. IEEE (2003) Kennedy, J.: Bare bones particle swarms. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, SIS 2003 (Cat. No. 03EX706), pp. 80–87. IEEE (2003)
9.
go back to reference Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.: Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of ICNN 1995 International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948. IEEE (1995) Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.: Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of ICNN 1995 International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948. IEEE (1995)
11.
go back to reference Lones, M.A.: Metaheuristics in nature-inspired algorithms. In: Igel, C., Arnold, D.V. (eds.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2014. pp. 1419–1422. ACM Press, New York (2014) Lones, M.A.: Metaheuristics in nature-inspired algorithms. In: Igel, C., Arnold, D.V. (eds.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2014. pp. 1419–1422. ACM Press, New York (2014)
13.
go back to reference Mendes, R., Kennedy, J., Neves, J.: The fully informed particle swarm: simpler, maybe better. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 8(3), 204–210 (2004)CrossRef Mendes, R., Kennedy, J., Neves, J.: The fully informed particle swarm: simpler, maybe better. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 8(3), 204–210 (2004)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S.M., Lewis, A.: Grey wolf optimizer. Adv. Eng. Softw. 69, 46–61 (2014)CrossRef Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S.M., Lewis, A.: Grey wolf optimizer. Adv. Eng. Softw. 69, 46–61 (2014)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Peña, J.: Theoretical and empirical study of particle swarms with additive stochasticity and different recombination operators. In: Ryan, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2008, pp. 95–102. ACM Press, New York (2008) Peña, J.: Theoretical and empirical study of particle swarms with additive stochasticity and different recombination operators. In: Ryan, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2008, pp. 95–102. ACM Press, New York (2008)
17.
go back to reference Piotrowski, A.P., Napiorkowski, J.J., Rowinski, P.M.: How novel is the "novel" black hole optimization approach? Inf. Sci. 267, 191–200 (2014)CrossRef Piotrowski, A.P., Napiorkowski, J.J., Rowinski, P.M.: How novel is the "novel" black hole optimization approach? Inf. Sci. 267, 191–200 (2014)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ratnaweera, A., Halgamuge, S.K., Watson, H.C.: Self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with time-varying acceleration coefficients. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 8(3), 240–255 (2004)CrossRef Ratnaweera, A., Halgamuge, S.K., Watson, H.C.: Self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with time-varying acceleration coefficients. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 8(3), 240–255 (2004)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Rechenberg, I.: Evolutionsstrategie: Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart, Germany (1973) Rechenberg, I.: Evolutionsstrategie: Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart, Germany (1973)
21.
go back to reference Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.: A modified particle swarm optimizer. In: Simpson, P.K., Haines, K., Zurada, J., Fogel, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC 1998, pp. 69–73. IEEE Press, Piscataway (1998) Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.: A modified particle swarm optimizer. In: Simpson, P.K., Haines, K., Zurada, J., Fogel, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC 1998, pp. 69–73. IEEE Press, Piscataway (1998)
22.
go back to reference Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.: Empirical study of particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2009), pp. 1945–1950. IEEE Press, Piscataway (2009) Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.: Empirical study of particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2009), pp. 1945–1950. IEEE Press, Piscataway (2009)
24.
go back to reference Sörensen, K., Arnold, F., Palhazi Cuervo, D.: A critical analysis of the “improved Clarke and wright savings algorithm”. Int. Trans. Oper. Res. 26(1), 54–63 (2019)MathSciNetCrossRef Sörensen, K., Arnold, F., Palhazi Cuervo, D.: A critical analysis of the “improved Clarke and wright savings algorithm”. Int. Trans. Oper. Res. 26(1), 54–63 (2019)MathSciNetCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Weyland, D.: A rigorous analysis of the harmony search algorithm: how the research community can be misled by a “novel” methodology. Int. J. Appl. Metaheuristic Comput. 12(2), 50–60 (2010)CrossRef Weyland, D.: A rigorous analysis of the harmony search algorithm: how the research community can be misled by a “novel” methodology. Int. J. Appl. Metaheuristic Comput. 12(2), 50–60 (2010)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Weyland, D.: A critical analysis of the harmony search algorithm: how not to solve Sudoku. Oper. Res. Pers. 2, 97–105 (2015)MathSciNet Weyland, D.: A critical analysis of the harmony search algorithm: how not to solve Sudoku. Oper. Res. Pers. 2, 97–105 (2015)MathSciNet
29.
go back to reference Yang, X.S.: A new metaheuristic bat-inspired algorithm. Nature inspired cooperative strategies for optimization (NICSO 2010). In: González, J.R., Pelta, D.A., Cruz, C., Terrazas, G., Krasnogor, N. (eds.) Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010). Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 284, pp. 65–74. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6CrossRef Yang, X.S.: A new metaheuristic bat-inspired algorithm. Nature inspired cooperative strategies for optimization (NICSO 2010). In: González, J.R., Pelta, D.A., Cruz, C., Terrazas, G., Krasnogor, N. (eds.) Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010). Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 284, pp. 65–74. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-642-12538-6_​6CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Zambrano-Bigiarin, M., Clerc, M., Rojas, R.: Standard particle swarm optimisation 2011 at cec-2013: a baseline for future pso improvements. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2013), pp. 2337–2344. IEEE Press, Piscataway (2013) Zambrano-Bigiarin, M., Clerc, M., Rojas, R.: Standard particle swarm optimisation 2011 at cec-2013: a baseline for future pso improvements. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2013), pp. 2337–2344. IEEE Press, Piscataway (2013)
Metadata
Title
Grey Wolf, Firefly and Bat Algorithms: Three Widespread Algorithms that Do Not Contain Any Novelty
Authors
Christian Leonardo Camacho Villalón
Thomas Stützle
Marco Dorigo
Copyright Year
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60376-2_10

Premium Partner