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Cadmium in Environment—An Overview Read chapter Read first chapter

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Health Risks Associated with Cadmium Toxicity

Authors : Govindarao Kuna, Simhachalam Gullipalli, Vivek Chintada

Published in: Cadmium Toxicity in Water

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

The chapter begins with an introduction that familiarizes readers with cadmium as a toxic heavy metal and its various sources, including industrial activities, soil and water contamination, and cigarette smoke. The objective of the chapter is then presented, which is to delve into the health risks associated with cadmium toxicity. The second section focuses on cadmium uptake and accumulation in the body. It explains the different routes through which cadmium enters the body, such as inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Furthermore, the chapter explores the bioavailability and absorption mechanisms of cadmium in different organs. The factors influencing the accumulation and distribution of cadmium within the body are also discussed in detail. Moving on to the core of the chapter, the third section examines the wide-ranging health effects caused by cadmium exposure. Both acute and chronic effects are explored, with an emphasis on the organs most heavily impacted by cadmium, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, and bones. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the mechanisms by which cadmium induces its toxic effects, such as oxidative stress, disruption of cellular processes, and interference with essential nutrients. The subsequent sections offer a deeper exploration of specific health risks associated with cadmium toxicity. The chapter discusses the link between cadmium exposure and kidney disease, detailing the mechanisms through which cadmium affects renal function and presenting epidemiological evidence supporting the association. Similarly, the respiratory effects of cadmium are examined, highlighting the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer due to cadmium-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired lung function. Additionally, the detrimental impact of cadmium on bone health is explored, with an emphasis on the interference with bone metabolism, decreased bone mineral density, and increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The chapter also addresses other health risks related to cadmium toxicity, such as cardiovascular diseases, reproductive disorders, and cancer. The mechanisms by which cadmium contributes to the development of these conditions are discussed in depth, underlining the urgent need for preventative measures and interventions to reduce cadmium exposure. In conclusion, this book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the health risks associated with cadmium toxicity. By exploring the mechanisms through which cadmium induces toxicity and examining its impact on various organs and systems, the chapter highlights the importance of awareness, prevention, and regulations to mitigate cadmium exposure. It concludes by offering recommendations for future research and actions to minimize the adverse health effects of cadmium.

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previous chapter Cadmium in Soil and Plants: A Review
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Metadata
Title
Health Risks Associated with Cadmium Toxicity
Authors
Govindarao Kuna
Simhachalam Gullipalli
Vivek Chintada
Copyright Year
2024
Book
Cadmium Toxicity in Water

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-54004-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-54005-9

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54005-9_3