Top

Published in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

History and Future of Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials

Author : Satoshi Sugimoto

Published in: Magnetic Material for Motor Drive Systems

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Magnetic materials are essential in modern daily life as they are used in numerous areas, such as electronics, industrial equipment, and automobiles, as energy conversion materials that drive devices such as generators, which convert kinetic to electrical energy, and motors, which convert electrical to kinetic energy. This chapter introduces the technological history and representative examples of magnetic materials. Further details can be found in Refs. [1‐12].

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Vector Magnetic Characteristic

next chapter Low-Loss Soft Magnetic Materials

Kaneko, H., Homma, M.: Materials Engineering Series 8: Magnetic Materials. The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials (1972)

Homma, M., Higuchi, A.: Magnetic Materials Reader. Kogyo Chosakai Publishing (1998)

Technical Committee on Magnetics, IEEJ: Magnetic Engineering Basics and Applications. Corona Publishing (1999)

Expert Committee on Functional Research into Nanoscale Magnetic Materials, IEEJ: Nanostructural Magnetic Materials: Physical Properties, Function, and Design. Kyoritsu Shuppan (2010)

Fukuda, M.: Well-known magnetic materials, I introduction, 1. History of magnetic materials. Spec. Steel 63(5), 2–6 (2014)

Ikeuchi, S.: High permeability magnetic materials. Vac. Ind. 4(3), 80–84 (1957)

Masumoto, T.: Flow in studies of amorphous metal materials. Mater. Jpn. 37(5), 339–346 (1998)CrossRef

Sagawa, M., Hamano, M., Hirabayashi, M. (eds.): Permanent Magnets: Materials Science and Applications. Chapter 2 (M. Hamano, Editor), Chapter 3 (S. Sugimoto and H. Kato, Joint Editors), Chapter 5 (S. Sugimoto, Editor). Agne Gijutsu Center (2007)

Homma, M., Sugimoto, S.: Fundamentals of permanent magnets I. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 25(10), 1529–1534 (2001). Homma, M., Sugimoto, S.: Fundamentals of permanent magnets II. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 25(11), 1580–1588 (2001). Homma, M., Sugimoto, S.: Fundamentals of permanent magnets III. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 25(12), 1625–1640 (2001).

10.

Sugimoto, S.: Recent progress in the research of permanent magnets. Mater. Jpn. 56(3), 181–185 (2017)CrossRef

11.

Sugimoto, S.: Current status and recent topics of rare-earth permanent magnets. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 44(6), 064001 (2011)CrossRef

12.

Bozorth, R.M.: Feromagnetism. Wiley-IEEE Press (1993)

13.

Barret, W.F., Brown, W., Hadfield, R.A.J.: Electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of various alloys of Fe. Sci. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc. 7, 67–126 (1900)

14.

Arnold, H.D., Elmen, G.W.: Permalloy, an alloy of remarkable magnetic properties. J. Frank. Inst. 195(5), 621–632 (1923)CrossRef

15.

Elmen, G.W.: Magnetic alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt. Electr. Eng. 54, 1292–1299 (1935)CrossRef

16.

Elmen, G.W.: Magnetic material and appliance. US patent no. 1739752 (1929)

17.

Honda, K., Kaya, S.: On magnetization of single crystals of iron. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. 15, 721 (1926)

18.

Goss, N.P.: Electrical sheet and method and apparatus for its manufacture and test. US patent 1965559 (1934)

19.

Kato, Y., Takei, T.: Japanese patent no. 98844 (1932)

20.

Kato, Y., Takei, T.: Japanese patent no. 110822 (1932)

21.

Kato, Y., Takei, T.: Permanent oxide magnet and its characteristics. J. IEEJ 53(3), 408–412 (1933)

22.

Snoek, J.L.: New Development in Ferromagnetic Materials. Elsevier (1947)

23.

Masumoto, H., Yamamoto, T.: On a new alloy “Sendust” and its magnetic and electric properties. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. Mater. 1(3), 127–135 (1937)CrossRef

24.

Boothby, O.L., Bozorth, R.M.: A new magnetic material of high permeability. J. Appl. Phys. 18(2), 173–176 (1947)CrossRef

25.

Fujimori, H., Masumoto, T., Obi, Y., Kikuchi, M.: On the magnetization process in an iron-phosphorus-carbon amorphous ferromagnet. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(11), 1889–1890 (1974)CrossRef

26.

Egami, T., Flanders, P.J., Graham Jr., C.D.: Low-field magnetic properties of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys. Appl. Phys. Lett. 26(3), 128–130 (1975)CrossRef

27.

Kikuchi, M., Fujimori, H., Obi, Y., Masumoto, T.: New amorphous ferromagnets with low coercive force. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 14(7), 1077–1078 (1975)CrossRef

28.

Masumoto, T., Kimura, H.: Crystallization process of iron-based amorphous alloy (Fe–P–C) quenched from liquid. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. Mater. 39(3), 273–280 (1975)CrossRef

29.

Yoshizawa, Y., Oguma, S., Yamauchi, K.: New Fe-based soft magnetic alloys composed of ultrafine grain structure. J. Appl. Phys. 64(15), 6044–6046 (1988)CrossRef

30.

Products Catalog, Hitachi Metals, Ltd.: “FINEMET” Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Material and Website: http://www.hitachi-metals.co.jp/products/elec/tel/p02_21.html

31.

Makino, A., Men, H., Kubota, T., Yubuta, K., Inoue, A.: FeSiBPCu nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys with high B_s of 1.9 Tesla produced by crystallizing hetero-amorphous phase. Mater. Trans. 50(1), 204–209 (2009)CrossRef

32.

Karamon, H., Masumoto, T., Makino, Y.: Magnetic and electrical properties of Fe-B-N amorphous films. J. Appl. Phys. 57(1), 3527–3532 (1985)CrossRef

33.

Onuma, S., Mitani, S., Fujimori, H., Masumoto, T.: Soft magnetic properties at high frequencies of Co–Al–O films with granular structure. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 20(2), 489–492 (1996)CrossRef

34.

Takada, Y., Abe, M., Masuda, S., Inagaki, J.: Commercial scale production of Fe-6.5 wt. % Si sheet and its magnetic properties. J. Appl. Phys. 64(10), 5367–5369 (1988)CrossRef

35.

Okami, Y., Abe, M., Yamaji, T., Takada, Y., Ninomiya, H.: Continuous siliconizing technology of 6.5% silicon steel sheet. J. ISIJ 80(10), 777–782 (1994)

36.

Hiratani, T., Oda, Y., Namikawa, M., Kasai, S., Ninomiya, H.: Development of Si gradient steel sheet with high saturation magnetic flux density and low iron loss at high frequency. Mater. Jpn. 53(3), 110–112 (2014)CrossRef

37.

Koiwa, M.: Metallurgy promenade: pursuing serendipity. Agne Gijutsu Center (2004)

38.

Honda, K., Saito, S.: On K. S. magnet steel. Phys. Rev. 16(6), 495–501 (1920)CrossRef

39.

Mishima, T., Makino, N.: Studies on anisotropic ML permanent magnet (I) (on the chemical composition and the additional elements). J. ISIJ 42(11), 1063–1066 (1956)

40.

Society of Non-Traditional Technology (ed.): Magnetic materials for a new age. Kogyo Chosakai Publishing (1981)

41.

Ida, S., Sakurai, Y., Iwasaki, S., Nagashima, T., Iwama, Y., Watanabe, S., Kobayashi, H. (ed.): Course in magnetic engineering: hard magnetic materials. Maruzen (1976)

42.

Honda, K., Masumoto, H., Shirakawa, Y.: On new K.S. permanent magnet. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. 23, 365 (1934)

43.

Jonas, B., Emden, H.J.M.V.: New kinds of steel of high magnetic power. Philips Tech. Rev. 6, 8–11 (1941)

44.

Koch, A.J.J., Hokkeling, P., Steeg, M.G.V.D., de Vos, K.J.: New material for permanent magnets on a base of Mn and Al. J. Appl. Phys. 31(5), S75–S77 (1960)CrossRef

45.

Kaneko, H., Homma, M., Nakmamura, K.: New ductile permanent magnet of Fe–Cr–Co system. AIP Conf. Proc. Magn. Magn. Mater. 5, 1088–1092 (1971)

46.

Hoffer, G., Strnat, K.J.: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of YCo5, and Y₂Co₁₇. IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-2(3), 487–489 (1966)CrossRef

47.

Buschow, K.H.J., Naastepad, P.A., Westendorp, F.F.: Preparation of SmCo5 permanent magnets. J. Appl. Phys. 40(10), 4029–4032 (1969)CrossRef

48.

Tawara, Y., Ohashi, T.: Rare Earth Permanent Magnets. Morikita Publishing (1999)

49.

Tawara, Y., Senno, H.: Cerium, cobalt and copper alloy as a permanent magnet material. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 966–967 (1968)CrossRef

50.

Nesbitt, E.A., Willens, R.H., Sherwood, R.C., Buehler, E., Wernick, J.H.: New permanent magnet materials. Appl. Phys. Lett. 12(11), 361–362 (1968)CrossRef

51.

Sagawa, M., Fujimura, S., Togawa, N., Yamamoto, H., Matsuura, Y.: New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited). J. Appl. Phys. 55(6), 2083–2087 (1984)CrossRef

52.

Croat, J.J., Herbst, J.F., Lee, R.W., Pinkerton, F.E.: Pr–Fe and Nd–Fe-based materials: a new class of high-performance permanent magnets (invited). J. Appl. Phys. 55(6), 2078–2082 (1984)CrossRef

53.

Ohashi, K., Yokoyama, T., Osugi, R., Tawara, Y.: The magnetic and structural properties of R-Ti–Fe ternary compounds. IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-23(5), 3101–3103 (1987)CrossRef

54.

Coey, J.M.D., Sun, H.: Improved magnetic properties by treatment of iron-based rare earth intermetallic compounds in ammonia. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 87(3), L251–L254 (1990)CrossRef

55.

Iriyama, T., Kobayashi, K., Imaoka, N., Fukuda, T., Kato, H., Nakagawa, Y.: Effect of nitrogen content on magnetic properties of Sm2Fe17N_x (O < x < 6). IEEE Trans. Magn. 28(5), 2326–2331 (1992)CrossRef

56.

Taguchi, H.: New magnetic materials: development of higher magnetism and new applications: trend towards higher performance of ferrite magnets. Eng. Mater. 46(7), 53–57 (1998)

57.

Ogata, Y., Kubota, Y., Takami, T., Tokunaga, M.: Improvements of magnetic properties of Sr ferrite magnets by substitutions of La and Co. IEEE Trans. Magn. 35(5), 3334–3336 (1999)CrossRef

58.

Kobayashi, Y., Hosokawa, S., Oda, E., Toyota, S.: Magnetic properties and composition of Ca–La–Co M-type ferrites. J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Powder Metall. 55(7), 541–546 (2008)CrossRef

59.

Herbst, J.F., Croat, J.J., Pinkerton, F.E., Yelon, W.B.: Relationships between crystal structure and magnetic properties in Nd₂Fe₁₄B. Phys. Rev. B 29(7), 4176–4178 (1984)CrossRef

60.

Hirose, Y., Hasegawa, H., Sasaki, S.: Microstructure of strip cast alloys for high performance NdFeB magnets. In: Proceedings of 15th Workshop on Rare-Earth Magnets & Their Applications, pp. 77–86. Dresden (1998)

61.

Harris, I.R., McGuiness, P.J.: Hydrogen: its use in the processing of NdFeB-type magnets and in the characterization of NdFeB-type alloys and magnets. In: Proceedings of 11th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications, pp. 29–48. Pittsuburgh, USA (1990)

62.

Minowa, T., Yoshikawa, M., Honshima, M.: Improvement of the corrosion resistance on Nd–Fe–B magnet with nickel plating. IEEE Trans. Magn. 25(5), 3776–3778 (1989)CrossRef

63.

Harimoto, D., Matsuura, Y.: Development of high performance Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets. Hitachi Met. Tech. Rev. 23(3), 69–72 (2007)

64.

Une, Y., Sagawa, M.: Enhancement of coercivity of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets by grain size reduction. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. Mater. 76(1), 12–16 (2012)CrossRef

65.

Nakamura, M., Matsuura, M., Tezuka, N., Sugimoto, S., Une, Y., Kubo, H., Sagawa, M.: Preparation of ultrafine jet-milled powders for Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets using hydrogenation–disproportionation–desorption–recombination and hydrogen decrepitation processes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022404-1–022404-4 (2013)CrossRef

66.

Nakamura, H., Hirota, K., Shimao, M., Minowa, T., Honshima, M.: Magnetic properties of extremely small Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets. IEEE Trans. Magn. 41(10), 3844–3846 (2005)CrossRef

67.

Lee, R.W.: Hot-pressed neodymium-iron-boron magnets. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46(8), 790–791 (1985)CrossRef

68.

Daido Steel Co. Ltd. Website: http://www.daido.co.jp/about/release/2016/0712_freemag_hevmotor.html

69.

Takeshita, T., Nakayama, R.: Magnetic properties and microstructures of the Nd–Fe–B magnet powders produced by the hydrogen treatment-(III). In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on RE Magnet and Their Applications, pp. 49–71. Pittsburgh (1990)

70.

Sugimoto, S., Nakamura, H., Kato, K., Book, D., Kagotani, T., Okada, M., Homma, M.: Effect of the disproportionation and recombination stages of the HDDR process on the inducement of anisotropy in Nd–Fe–B magnets. J. Alloys Compd. 293–295, 862–867 (1999)CrossRef

71.

Mishima, C., Hamada, N., Mitaraia, H., Honkura, Y.: Dependence of the hydrogen pressure on the magnetic properties of NdFeB anisotropic magnet powders produced by the HDDR method. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 24(4–2), 407–410 (2000)CrossRef

72.

Hirayama, Y., Takahashi, Y.K., Hirosawa, S., Hono, K.: Intrinsic hard magnetic properties of Sm(Fe_1−xCo_x)₁₂ compound with the ThMn₁₂ structure. Scr. Mater. 138, 62–65 (2017)CrossRef

73.

Shinaji, Keita, Mase, Tsuyoshi, Isogai, Keita, Matsuura, Masashi, Tezuka, Nobuki, Sugimoto, Satoshi: Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Mn–Sn–Co–N alloys. Mater. Trans. 54(10), 2007–2010 (2013)CrossRef

Title: History and Future of Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials
Author: Satoshi Sugimoto
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Book: Magnetic Material for Motor Drive Systems
Print ISBN: 978-981-329-905-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-329-906-1

Copyright Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9906-1_18

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners