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Journal of Materials Science

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18-03-2020 | Metals & corrosion

Imaging of boron distribution in steel with neutron radiography and tomography

Authors: Nicolás Di Luozzo, Michael Schulz, Marcelo Fontana

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 18/2020

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Abstract

B distribution in steel was investigated using neutron imaging techniques, on a millimetric scale with a spatial resolution below 100 μm. Steel structural components joined using the transient liquid-phase bonding (TLPB) process, with Fe-based B-alloyed foils as filler material, were observed. By means of neutron radiography and with the proposed calibration method, a quantitative profile of B concentration was attained across the joint, in particular in the region where the completion of the TLPB process was achieved. It is noteworthy that B concentration did not exceed the typical specified range of B-alloyed steels. This result explains why prior austenite grain boundaries are boride-free. To test the validity of the measured B concentrations, they were compared with those of the numerically simulated TLPB process. As a result, the calculated and experimentally measured values are in good agreement, within the estimated error. On the other hand, in regions where the TLPB process was not finished, athermally solidified liquid (ASL) was found at the joint, in the form of borides. In addition, neutron tomography enabled us to attain a three-dimensional visualization of the size and distribution of ASL, highlighting its potential as a non-destructive testing technique of TLPB weldments.

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The joint is the zone where both the microstructure and the chemical composition differ from those of the base metal.

Natural B is composed of isotopes B-10 and B-11, with an abundance, thermal neutron scattering cross section σ^s and thermal neutron absorption cross section σ^a of 19.4%, 3.1 barn and 3835.0 barn, and 80.2%, 5.77 barn and 5.5 × 10⁻³ barn, respectively [36]. As a result, natural B has thermal neutron σ^s and σ^a of 5.24 barn and 767.0 barn, respectively. Therefore, neutron scattering is assumed to be negligible compared with neutron absorption.

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Taking into account that the as-bonded and PWHT samples have different thickness, τ values in Fig. 6 are per unit thickness of 10 mm, which were obtained using Eq. (1).

Ignoring the presence of Si may increase the elapsed time to complete the isothermal solidification stage [32]. However, it has no influence on the diffusion of B at the B diffusion zone.

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Title: Imaging of boron distribution in steel with neutron radiography and tomography
Authors: Nicolás Di Luozzo
Michael Schulz
Marcelo Fontana
Publication date: 18-03-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Science / Issue 18/2020
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04556-z

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