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Optical and Quantum Electronics

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01-01-2024

Impact of Bi³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions on the structural, thermal, mechanical, optical, and gamma ray shielding performance of borosilicate glass

Authors: Dalal Abdullah Aloraini, Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, Aly Saeed

Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

A host network of borosilicate glass was produced and reinforced with Bi³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions to be used as protective materials against gamma rays. Four glasses, host 70B₂O₃–30SiO₂ (BSi), 40B₂O₃–30SiO₂–30Bi₂O₃ (BSiBi), 40B₂O₃–30SiO₂–30BaO (BSiBa), and 40B₂O₃–30SiO₂–30Pb₃O₄ (BSiPb), were produced. A perfect amorphous structure was observed in X-ray diffraction patterns for all the considered glasses. The structural results showed that BSiBi glass was enriched by non-bridging oxygens NBO units, while BSiBa and BSiPb glasses were enriched by bridging oxygens BO, leading to more tightness of BSiBa and BSiPb glasses than BSiBi. The structural changes clearly reflected on the thermal and optical properties of the considered glasses, where a clear agreement between the network crowding by NBO or BO units and the behavior of the glass transition temperature, band gap, Urbach energy, and refractive index was observed. The considered BSiBi, BSiBa, and BSiPb glasses had thermal stability of 177.931, 264.634, and 231.036 °C and refractive indices of 2.292, 2.225, and 2.175, respectively. From the elasticity point of view and based on the structural changes, the elastic moduli of the BSiBa and BSiPb glasses were consistent with the tightness and formation of BO units, while those of the BSiBi glass were the opposite of what was expected. Bi³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Pb²⁺ enhanced the elastic moduli of the host glass by 70.648–88.042, 119.470–133.114, and 191.773–217.856%. All the considered glasses have high transparency (> 74%). Reinforcing the host glass with Bi³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Pb²⁺ significantly improved its attenuation of 661.64, 1173.23, and 1332.51 keV gamma ray energies. It was found that the BSiBi glass is the best attenuator, followed by BSiPb, but with a very high affinity, while the BSiBa is the least attenuator. For the used gamma rays 661.64, 1173.23, and 1332.51 keV, Bi³⁺ improved the attenuation ability by 126.087, 134.546, and 115.888%; Ba²⁺ improved it by 57.764, 69.091, and 63.551%; and Pb²⁺ by 118.012, 110.909, and 107.477%, respectively. Hence, the suitable thermal, mechanical, optical, and attenuation properties of the BSiBi, BSiBa, and BSiPb glasses open up prospects for them as radiation shields in nuclear fields such as immobilization & disposal of radioactive wastes, radiotherapy rooms, and hot cells.

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Title: Impact of Bi3+, Ba2+, and Pb2+ ions on the structural, thermal, mechanical, optical, and gamma ray shielding performance of borosilicate glass
Authors: Dalal Abdullah Aloraini
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin
Aly Saeed
Publication date: 01-01-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Electronic ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05688-7

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