Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Intelligent Industrial Systems 1/2015

01-06-2015 | Original Paper

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Voltage Unbalance in an Urban Distribution Network

Authors: Azhar Ul-Haq, Carlo Cecati, Kai Strunz, Ehsan Abbasi

Published in: Intelligent Industrial Systems | Issue 1/2015

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

During the last few years, assessment and evaluation of power quality index due to large-scale penetration of electric vehicles in the system have gained significant attention. Voltage unbalance in the low voltage distribution network is amongst the main power quality issues caused by electric vehicles and therefore it has been quantified and analyzed in this paper. A CIGRE benchmark model of low voltage distribution network is taken as test network and simulations are performed on a sample urban power distribution network. An electric vehicle grid integration and its charging model is implemented in Simulink. Results for two charging strategies including uncontrolled charging and tariff based electric vehicle charging under different electric vehicle penetration levels and uneven charging scenarios have been obtained. The presented results show that an uneven EV charging scenario can cause significant voltage unbalance that goes beyond its allowed limit of 2 %.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Wu, D., Aliprantis, D.C., Gkritza, K.: Electric energy and power consumption by light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 26(2), 738–746 (2011)CrossRef Wu, D., Aliprantis, D.C., Gkritza, K.: Electric energy and power consumption by light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 26(2), 738–746 (2011)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Li, G., Zhang, X.-P.: Modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging demand in probabilistic power flow calculations. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 3(1), 492–499 (2012)CrossRef Li, G., Zhang, X.-P.: Modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging demand in probabilistic power flow calculations. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 3(1), 492–499 (2012)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Clement, K., Van Reusel, K., Driesen, J.: The consumption of electrical energy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Belgium. In: Proceedings of 2nd Eur. Ele-Drive Transportation Conf., Brussels (2007) Clement, K., Van Reusel, K., Driesen, J.: The consumption of electrical energy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Belgium. In: Proceedings of 2nd Eur. Ele-Drive Transportation Conf., Brussels (2007)
4.
go back to reference Shi, R.: The dynamic impacts of electric vehicle integration on the electricity distribution grid. M.Phil thesis, Sch. of Electron. Elect. and Comp. Engg, The Univ. of Birmingham, UK (2012) Shi, R.: The dynamic impacts of electric vehicle integration on the electricity distribution grid. M.Phil thesis, Sch. of Electron. Elect. and Comp. Engg, The Univ. of Birmingham, UK (2012)
5.
go back to reference Fernández, L.P., Román, T.G.S., Cossent, R., Domingo, C.M., Frías, P.: Assessment of the impact of plug-in electric vehicles on distribution networks. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 26(1), 206–213 (2011)CrossRef Fernández, L.P., Román, T.G.S., Cossent, R., Domingo, C.M., Frías, P.: Assessment of the impact of plug-in electric vehicles on distribution networks. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 26(1), 206–213 (2011)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Zhao, L., Prousch, S., Hubner, M., Moser, A.: Impact assessment of varying penetrations of electric vehicles on low voltage distribution systems. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Transmission and Dist. Conf. and Expo., pp. 1–6 (2010) Zhao, L., Prousch, S., Hubner, M., Moser, A.: Impact assessment of varying penetrations of electric vehicles on low voltage distribution systems. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Transmission and Dist. Conf. and Expo., pp. 1–6 (2010)
7.
go back to reference Tikka, V., Lassila, J., Haakana, J., Partanen, J.: Case study of the effects of electric vehicle charging on grid loads in an urban area. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Int. Conf. and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Techno., pp. 1–7 (2011) Tikka, V., Lassila, J., Haakana, J., Partanen, J.: Case study of the effects of electric vehicle charging on grid loads in an urban area. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Int. Conf. and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Techno., pp. 1–7 (2011)
8.
go back to reference Darabi, Z., Ferdowsi, M.: Aggregated impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electricity demand profile. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 2(4), 501–508 (2011)CrossRef Darabi, Z., Ferdowsi, M.: Aggregated impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electricity demand profile. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 2(4), 501–508 (2011)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Egan, M., Sullivan, D., Hayes, J., Willers, M., Henze, C.: Power-factor-corrected single-stage inductive charger for electric vehicle batteries. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 54(2), 1217–1226 (2007) Egan, M., Sullivan, D., Hayes, J., Willers, M., Henze, C.: Power-factor-corrected single-stage inductive charger for electric vehicle batteries. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 54(2), 1217–1226 (2007)
10.
go back to reference Sortomme, E., Hindi, M.M., MacPherson, S.D.J., Venkata, S.S.: Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize distribution system losses. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2(1), 198–205 (2011)CrossRef Sortomme, E., Hindi, M.M., MacPherson, S.D.J., Venkata, S.S.: Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize distribution system losses. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2(1), 198–205 (2011)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kuperman, A., Levy, U., Goren, J., Zafransky, A., Savernin, A.: Battery charger for electric vehicle traction battery switch station. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 60(12), 5391–5399 (2013)CrossRef Kuperman, A., Levy, U., Goren, J., Zafransky, A., Savernin, A.: Battery charger for electric vehicle traction battery switch station. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 60(12), 5391–5399 (2013)CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Ul-Haq, A., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Khalid, H.A.: Smart charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. In: Int. Conf. Clean Elect. Power, pp. 163–169 (2013) Ul-Haq, A., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Khalid, H.A.: Smart charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. In: Int. Conf. Clean Elect. Power, pp. 163–169 (2013)
13.
go back to reference Clement-Nyns, K., Haesen, E., Driesen, J.: The impact of charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on a residential distribution grid. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 25(1), 371–380 (2010)CrossRef Clement-Nyns, K., Haesen, E., Driesen, J.: The impact of charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on a residential distribution grid. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 25(1), 371–380 (2010)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Dugan, R.C., McGranaghan, M.C., Beaty, H.W.: Electrical Power Systems Quality. McGraw-Hill, New York (1996) Dugan, R.C., McGranaghan, M.C., Beaty, H.W.: Electrical Power Systems Quality. McGraw-Hill, New York (1996)
15.
go back to reference Von Jouanne, A., Banerjee, B.: Assessment of voltage unbalance. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 16(4), 782–790 (2001)CrossRef Von Jouanne, A., Banerjee, B.: Assessment of voltage unbalance. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 16(4), 782–790 (2001)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Song, H.-S., Joo, I.-W.: Source voltage sensorless estimation scheme for PWM rectifiers under unbalanced conditions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 50(6), 1238–1245 (2003)CrossRef Song, H.-S., Joo, I.-W.: Source voltage sensorless estimation scheme for PWM rectifiers under unbalanced conditions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 50(6), 1238–1245 (2003)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Mendes, A., Cardoso, M.S.: Fault-tolerant operating strategies applied to three-phase induction-motor drives. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 53(6), 1807–1817 (2006)CrossRef Mendes, A., Cardoso, M.S.: Fault-tolerant operating strategies applied to three-phase induction-motor drives. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 53(6), 1807–1817 (2006)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center: Input performance of ASDs during supply voltage unbalance. Power quality testing network no. 28 (1996) EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center: Input performance of ASDs during supply voltage unbalance. Power quality testing network no. 28 (1996)
19.
go back to reference Anwari, M., Hiendro, A.: New unbalance factor for estimating performance of a three-phase induction motor with under- and overvoltage unbalance. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 25, 619–625 (2010)CrossRef Anwari, M., Hiendro, A.: New unbalance factor for estimating performance of a three-phase induction motor with under- and overvoltage unbalance. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 25, 619–625 (2010)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Shafiee, S., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., Rastegar, M.: Impacts of controlled and uncontrolled PHEV charging on distribution systems. In: Proc. of 9th IET Internat. Conf. on Advances in Pow. Sys. Cont., Operation and Management, pp. 1–6 (2012) Shafiee, S., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., Rastegar, M.: Impacts of controlled and uncontrolled PHEV charging on distribution systems. In: Proc. of 9th IET Internat. Conf. on Advances in Pow. Sys. Cont., Operation and Management, pp. 1–6 (2012)
21.
go back to reference Strunz, K., Hatziargyriou, N., Andrieu, C.: Benchmark systems for network integration of renewable and distributed energy resources. CIGRE Task Force C6.04.02 (2013) Strunz, K., Hatziargyriou, N., Andrieu, C.: Benchmark systems for network integration of renewable and distributed energy resources. CIGRE Task Force C6.04.02 (2013)
22.
go back to reference Lukic, S.M., Jian, C., Bansal, R.C., Rodriguez, F., Emadi, A.: Energy storage systems for automotive applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 55(6), 2258–2267 (2008)CrossRef Lukic, S.M., Jian, C., Bansal, R.C., Rodriguez, F., Emadi, A.: Energy storage systems for automotive applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 55(6), 2258–2267 (2008)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Lakervi, E., Holmes, E.J.: Electricity Distribution Network Design. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London (2007) Lakervi, E., Holmes, E.J.: Electricity Distribution Network Design. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London (2007)
24.
go back to reference Yan, Z., Furong, L., Zechun, H., Shaddick, G.: Quantification of low voltage network reinforcement costs: a statistical approach. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28(2), 810–818 (2013)CrossRef Yan, Z., Furong, L., Zechun, H., Shaddick, G.: Quantification of low voltage network reinforcement costs: a statistical approach. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28(2), 810–818 (2013)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Gustafsson, M., Schönborg, M.: Distribution system voltage of 1 kV—technical issues, regulatory requirements and system layouts, Grad. Dissertation, Dept. of Engineering, University of West Sweden (2010) Gustafsson, M., Schönborg, M.: Distribution system voltage of 1 kV—technical issues, regulatory requirements and system layouts, Grad. Dissertation, Dept. of Engineering, University of West Sweden (2010)
26.
go back to reference Affanni, A., Bellini, A., Franceschini, G., Guglielmi, P., Tassoni, C.: Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 52(5), 1343–1349 (2005)CrossRef Affanni, A., Bellini, A., Franceschini, G., Guglielmi, P., Tassoni, C.: Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 52(5), 1343–1349 (2005)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Latafat, H.: Digital control of power converters—a survey. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 8(3), 437–447 (2012) Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Latafat, H.: Digital control of power converters—a survey. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 8(3), 437–447 (2012)
28.
go back to reference Mohamed, Y.R.: Mitigation of dynamic, unbalanced, and harmonic voltage disturbances using grid-connected inverters with LCL filter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 58(9), 3914–3924 (2011) Mohamed, Y.R.: Mitigation of dynamic, unbalanced, and harmonic voltage disturbances using grid-connected inverters with LCL filter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 58(9), 3914–3924 (2011)
29.
go back to reference Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Khalid, H.A., Ul-Haq, A.: On flatness-based control for series-connected VSC for voltage dip mitigation. IEEE Int. Symp. Ind. Electron. 2014, 2637–2642 (2014) Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Khalid, H.A., Ul-Haq, A.: On flatness-based control for series-connected VSC for voltage dip mitigation. IEEE Int. Symp. Ind. Electron. 2014, 2637–2642 (2014)
30.
go back to reference Zhou, K., Wang, D., Zhang, B., Wang, Y.: Plug-in dual-mode-structure repetitive controller for CVCF PWM inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(3), 784–791 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef Zhou, K., Wang, D., Zhang, B., Wang, Y.: Plug-in dual-mode-structure repetitive controller for CVCF PWM inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(3), 784–791 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Escobar, G., Valdez, A., Leyva-Ramos, J., Mattavelli, P.: Repetitive-based controller for a UPS inverter to compensate unbalance and harmonic distortion. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 54(1), 504–510 (2007)CrossRef Escobar, G., Valdez, A., Leyva-Ramos, J., Mattavelli, P.: Repetitive-based controller for a UPS inverter to compensate unbalance and harmonic distortion. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 54(1), 504–510 (2007)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Mattavelli, P., Pinhabel, F., Marafao, P.: Repetitive-based control for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 51(5), 1018–1024 (2004)CrossRef Mattavelli, P., Pinhabel, F., Marafao, P.: Repetitive-based control for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 51(5), 1018–1024 (2004)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Zhou, K., Wang, D.: Digital repetitive learning controller for three-phase CVCF PWM inverter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 48, 820–830 (2001)CrossRef Zhou, K., Wang, D.: Digital repetitive learning controller for three-phase CVCF PWM inverter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 48, 820–830 (2001)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Zhou, K., Low, K.S., Wang, Y., Fang-L., L., Zhang, B.: Zero-phase odd-harmonic repetitive controller for a single-phase PWM inverter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 21(1), 193–201 (2006)CrossRef Zhou, K., Low, K.S., Wang, Y., Fang-L., L., Zhang, B.: Zero-phase odd-harmonic repetitive controller for a single-phase PWM inverter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 21(1), 193–201 (2006)CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Zhou, K., Wang, D., Zhang, B., Wang, Y.: Plug-in dual-mode-structure repetitive controller for CVCF PWM inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(3), 784–791 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef Zhou, K., Wang, D., Zhang, B., Wang, Y.: Plug-in dual-mode-structure repetitive controller for CVCF PWM inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(3), 784–791 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Pillay, P., Manyage, M.: Definitions of voltage unbalance. IEEE Power Eng. Rev. 5, 50–51 (2001)CrossRef Pillay, P., Manyage, M.: Definitions of voltage unbalance. IEEE Power Eng. Rev. 5, 50–51 (2001)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center, Input performance of ASDs during supply voltage unbalance, Power quality testing network PQTN Brief no. 28 (1996) EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center, Input performance of ASDs during supply voltage unbalance, Power quality testing network PQTN Brief no. 28 (1996)
38.
go back to reference International Standard IEC 61000-4-30, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4–30: Testing and measurement techniques—power quality measurement methods (2003) International Standard IEC 61000-4-30, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4–30: Testing and measurement techniques—power quality measurement methods (2003)
39.
go back to reference EN 50160: Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems (2007) EN 50160: Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems (2007)
Metadata
Title
Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Voltage Unbalance in an Urban Distribution Network
Authors
Azhar Ul-Haq
Carlo Cecati
Kai Strunz
Ehsan Abbasi
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Published in
Intelligent Industrial Systems / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2363-6912
Electronic ISSN: 2199-854X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40903-015-0005-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Intelligent Industrial Systems 1/2015 Go to the issue

Editorial Notes

Preface