Skip to main content
Top

2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Impact of the 1783–1784 AD Laki Eruption on Global Aerosol Formation Processes and Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Author : Anja Schmidt

Published in: Modelling Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Chapter 3 dealt with moderate volcanic perturbations to the sulphur cycle, whereas the chapter presented here investigates the impact of the long-lasting, 1783-1784 AD Laki eruption, which is considered a volcanic ?signature event? in recent history. Previous Laki studies have been conducted using general circulation models with varying degrees of realism of the sulphur dioxide emission scenario and the treatment of the aerosol processes. For this chapter, GLOMAP-mode has been used to examine the impact of the Laki eruption on chemical and microphysical processes and on the global cloud condensation nuclei budget.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
As the simulations for this chapter were performed at an earlier stage of the PhD project when those emissions were not available for GLOMAP-mode.
 
Literature
go back to reference Andreae MO (2009) Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regions. Atmos Chem Phys 9:543–556CrossRef Andreae MO (2009) Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regions. Atmos Chem Phys 9:543–556CrossRef
go back to reference Chen P (1995) Isentropic cross-tropopause mass exchange in the extratropics. J Geophys Res 100:16661–16673CrossRef Chen P (1995) Isentropic cross-tropopause mass exchange in the extratropics. J Geophys Res 100:16661–16673CrossRef
go back to reference Chenet AL, Fluteau F, Courtillot V (2005) Modelling massive sulphate aerosol pollution, following the large 1783 Laki basaltic eruption. Earth Planet Sci Lett 236:721–731CrossRef Chenet AL, Fluteau F, Courtillot V (2005) Modelling massive sulphate aerosol pollution, following the large 1783 Laki basaltic eruption. Earth Planet Sci Lett 236:721–731CrossRef
go back to reference Clausen HB, Hammer C (1988) The Laki and Tambora eruptions as revealed in Greenland ice cores from 11 locations. Ann Glaciol 10:16–22 Clausen HB, Hammer C (1988) The Laki and Tambora eruptions as revealed in Greenland ice cores from 11 locations. Ann Glaciol 10:16–22
go back to reference Edwards JM, Slingo A (1996) Studies with a flexible new radiation code. I: choosing a configuration for a large-scale model. QJR Meteorol Soc 122:689–719CrossRef Edwards JM, Slingo A (1996) Studies with a flexible new radiation code. I: choosing a configuration for a large-scale model. QJR Meteorol Soc 122:689–719CrossRef
go back to reference Fiacco RJ, Thordarson T, Germani MS, Self S, Palais JM, Whitlow S, Grootes PM (1994) Atmospheric aerosol loading and transport due to the 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland, interpreted from ash particles and acidity in the GISP2 ice core. Quat Res 42:231–240CrossRef Fiacco RJ, Thordarson T, Germani MS, Self S, Palais JM, Whitlow S, Grootes PM (1994) Atmospheric aerosol loading and transport due to the 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland, interpreted from ash particles and acidity in the GISP2 ice core. Quat Res 42:231–240CrossRef
go back to reference Gassó S (2008) Satellite observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on marine clouds. J Geophys Res 113:D14S19 Gassó S (2008) Satellite observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on marine clouds. J Geophys Res 113:D14S19
go back to reference Hobbs P, Tuell J, Hegg D, Radke L, Eltgroth M (1982) Particles and gases in the emissions from the 1980–1981 volcanic eruptions of Mt. St. Helens. JGR Atmos 87:1062–1086 Hobbs P, Tuell J, Hegg D, Radke L, Eltgroth M (1982) Particles and gases in the emissions from the 1980–1981 volcanic eruptions of Mt. St. Helens. JGR Atmos 87:1062–1086
go back to reference Kekonen T, Moore J, Perämäki P, Martma T (2005) The Icelandic Laki volcanic tephra layer in the Lomonosovfonna ice core, Svalbard. Polar Res 24:33–40CrossRef Kekonen T, Moore J, Perämäki P, Martma T (2005) The Icelandic Laki volcanic tephra layer in the Lomonosovfonna ice core, Svalbard. Polar Res 24:33–40CrossRef
go back to reference Koch D, Schmidt G, Field C (2006) Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS ModelE. J Geophys Res 111:D06206CrossRef Koch D, Schmidt G, Field C (2006) Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS ModelE. J Geophys Res 111:D06206CrossRef
go back to reference Korhonen H, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Ridley DA, StrÃum J (2008) A global model study of processes controlling aerosol size distributions in the Arctic spring and summer. J Geophys Res 113:D08211CrossRef Korhonen H, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Ridley DA, StrÃum J (2008) A global model study of processes controlling aerosol size distributions in the Arctic spring and summer. J Geophys Res 113:D08211CrossRef
go back to reference Koschmieder H (1924) Theorie der horizontalen Sichtweite. Beiträge zur Physik der Freien Atmosphäre 12:33–55 and 171–181 Koschmieder H (1924) Theorie der horizontalen Sichtweite. Beiträge zur Physik der Freien Atmosphäre 12:33–55 and 171–181
go back to reference Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Savage NH, Pyle JA (2007) Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances. J Geophys Res 112:D04308CrossRef Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Savage NH, Pyle JA (2007) Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances. J Geophys Res 112:D04308CrossRef
go back to reference Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Pyle JA (2008) Seasonal and inter-annual variations in troposphere-to-stratosphere transport from the tropical tropopause layer. Atmos Chem Phys 8:3689–3703CrossRef Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Pyle JA (2008) Seasonal and inter-annual variations in troposphere-to-stratosphere transport from the tropical tropopause layer. Atmos Chem Phys 8:3689–3703CrossRef
go back to reference Lohmann U, Feichter J (2005) Global indirect aerosol effects: a review. Atmos Chem Phys 5:715–737CrossRef Lohmann U, Feichter J (2005) Global indirect aerosol effects: a review. Atmos Chem Phys 5:715–737CrossRef
go back to reference Manktelow PT, Mann GW, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Chipperfield MP (2007) Regional and global trends in sulfate aerosol since the 1980s. Geophys Res Lett 34:L14803CrossRef Manktelow PT, Mann GW, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Chipperfield MP (2007) Regional and global trends in sulfate aerosol since the 1980s. Geophys Res Lett 34:L14803CrossRef
go back to reference Manktelow PT, Carslaw KS, Mann GW, Spracklen DV (2009) Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions. Atmos Chem Phys 9:3253–3259CrossRef Manktelow PT, Carslaw KS, Mann GW, Spracklen DV (2009) Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions. Atmos Chem Phys 9:3253–3259CrossRef
go back to reference Mann GW, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Ridley DA, Manktelow PT, Chipperfield MP, Pickering SJ, Johnson CE (2010) Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model. Geosci Model Dev 3:519–551CrossRef Mann GW, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Ridley DA, Manktelow PT, Chipperfield MP, Pickering SJ, Johnson CE (2010) Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model. Geosci Model Dev 3:519–551CrossRef
go back to reference Mather TA (2008) Volcanism and the atmosphere: the potential role of the atmosphere in unlocking the reactivity of volcanic emissions. Philos Trans Royal Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 366:4581–4595CrossRef Mather TA (2008) Volcanism and the atmosphere: the potential role of the atmosphere in unlocking the reactivity of volcanic emissions. Philos Trans Royal Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 366:4581–4595CrossRef
go back to reference Mather T, Pyle DM, Oppenheimer C (2003) Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol. In: Volcanism and the Earth’s atmosphere, vol 139 of Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union (AGU) pp 189–212 Mather T, Pyle DM, Oppenheimer C (2003) Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol. In: Volcanism and the Earth’s atmosphere, vol 139 of Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union (AGU) pp 189–212
go back to reference Mather TA, Tsanev VI, Pyle DM, McGonigle AJS, Oppenheimer C, Allen AG (2004) Characterization and evolution of tropospheric plumes from Lascar and Villarrica volcanoes, Chile. J Geophys Res 109:D21303CrossRef Mather TA, Tsanev VI, Pyle DM, McGonigle AJS, Oppenheimer C, Allen AG (2004) Characterization and evolution of tropospheric plumes from Lascar and Villarrica volcanoes, Chile. J Geophys Res 109:D21303CrossRef
go back to reference Mosley-Thompson E, Mashiotta T, Thompson L (2003) High resolution ice core records of late Holocene volcanism: current and future contributions from the Greenland PARCA cores. In: Volcanism and the Earth’s atmosphere, geophysical monograph series. American Geophysical Union (AGU), vol 139, pp 153–164 Mosley-Thompson E, Mashiotta T, Thompson L (2003) High resolution ice core records of late Holocene volcanism: current and future contributions from the Greenland PARCA cores. In: Volcanism and the Earth’s atmosphere, geophysical monograph series. American Geophysical Union (AGU), vol 139, pp 153–164
go back to reference Niemeier U, Timmreck C, Graf HF, Kinne S, Rast S, Self S (2009) Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 9:17531–17577CrossRef Niemeier U, Timmreck C, Graf HF, Kinne S, Rast S, Self S (2009) Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 9:17531–17577CrossRef
go back to reference Oman L, Robock A, Stenchikov GL, Thordarson T, Koch D, Shindell DT, Gao C (2006) Modeling the distribution of the volcanic aerosol cloud from the 1783–1784 Laki eruption. J Geophys Res 111:D12209. doi:10.1029/2005JD006899 Oman L, Robock A, Stenchikov GL, Thordarson T, Koch D, Shindell DT, Gao C (2006) Modeling the distribution of the volcanic aerosol cloud from the 1783–1784 Laki eruption. J Geophys Res 111:D12209. doi:10.​1029/​2005JD006899
go back to reference Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Mann GM, Chipperfield MP (2009) The relationship between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations in a global aerosol microphysics model. Atmos Chem Phys 9:4131–4144CrossRef Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Mann GM, Chipperfield MP (2009) The relationship between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations in a global aerosol microphysics model. Atmos Chem Phys 9:4131–4144CrossRef
go back to reference Rogers CF, Hudson JG, Kocmond WC (1981) Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei in the stratosphere around the plume of Mount St. Helens Sci 211:824–825 Rogers CF, Hudson JG, Kocmond WC (1981) Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei in the stratosphere around the plume of Mount St. Helens Sci 211:824–825
go back to reference Schmidt GA, Ruedy R, Hansen JE, Aleinov I, Bell N, Bauer M, Bauer S, Cairns B, Canuto V, Cheng Y, Del Genio A, Faluvegi G, Friend AD, Hall TM, Hu YY, Kelley M, Kiang NY, Koch D, Lacis AA, Lerner J, Lo KK, Miller RL, Nazarenko L, Oinas V, Perlwitz J, Perlwitz J, Rind D, Romanou A, Russell GL, Sato M, Shindell DT, Stone PH, Sun S, Tausnev N, Thresher D, Yao MS (2006) Present-day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: comparison to in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data. J Clim 19:153–192CrossRef Schmidt GA, Ruedy R, Hansen JE, Aleinov I, Bell N, Bauer M, Bauer S, Cairns B, Canuto V, Cheng Y, Del Genio A, Faluvegi G, Friend AD, Hall TM, Hu YY, Kelley M, Kiang NY, Koch D, Lacis AA, Lerner J, Lo KK, Miller RL, Nazarenko L, Oinas V, Perlwitz J, Perlwitz J, Rind D, Romanou A, Russell GL, Sato M, Shindell DT, Stone PH, Sun S, Tausnev N, Thresher D, Yao MS (2006) Present-day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: comparison to in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data. J Clim 19:153–192CrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt A, Carslaw KS, Mann GW, Wilson M, Breider TJ, Pickering SJ, Thordarson T (2010) The impact of the 1783–1784 AD Laki eruption on global aerosol formation processes and cloud condensation nuclei. Atmos Chem Phys 10:6025–6041 Schmidt A, Carslaw KS, Mann GW, Wilson M, Breider TJ, Pickering SJ, Thordarson T (2010) The impact of the 1783–1784 AD Laki eruption on global aerosol formation processes and cloud condensation nuclei. Atmos Chem Phys 10:6025–6041
go back to reference Spracklen DV, Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Chipperfield MP, Mann GW (2005a) A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties. Atmos Chem Phys 5:179–215CrossRef Spracklen DV, Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Chipperfield MP, Mann GW (2005a) A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties. Atmos Chem Phys 5:179–215CrossRef
go back to reference Spracklen DV, Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Chipperfield MP, Mann GM (2005b) A global off-line model of size resolved aerosol processes: II. Identification of key uncertainties. Atmos Chem Phys 5:3437–3489CrossRef Spracklen DV, Pringle KJ, Carslaw KS, Chipperfield MP, Mann GM (2005b) A global off-line model of size resolved aerosol processes: II. Identification of key uncertainties. Atmos Chem Phys 5:3437–3489CrossRef
go back to reference Stevenson DS, Johnson CE, Highwood EJ, Gauci V, Collins WJ, Derwent RG (2003) Atmospheric impact of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: Part I chemistry modelling. Atmos Chem Phys 3:487–507CrossRef Stevenson DS, Johnson CE, Highwood EJ, Gauci V, Collins WJ, Derwent RG (2003) Atmospheric impact of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: Part I chemistry modelling. Atmos Chem Phys 3:487–507CrossRef
go back to reference Stothers RB (1996) Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: pyrheliometric period, 1881–1960. J Geophys Res Atmos 101:3901–3920 Stothers RB (1996) Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: pyrheliometric period, 1881–1960. J Geophys Res Atmos 101:3901–3920
go back to reference Textor C, Schulz M, Guibert S, Kinne S, Balkanski Y, Bauer S, Berntsen T, Berglen T, Boucher O, Chin M, Dentener F, Diehl T, Easter R, Feichter H, Fillmore D, Ghan S, Ginoux P, Gong S, Grini A, Hendricks J, Horowitz L, Huang P, Isaksen I, Iversen I, Kloster S, Koch D, Kirkevåg A, Kristjansson JE, Krol M, Lauer A, Lamarque JF, Liu X, Montanaro V, Myhre G, Penner J, Pitari G, Reddy S, Seland Ø, Stier P, Takemura T, Tie X (2006) Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom. Atmos Chem Phys 6:1777–1813 Textor C, Schulz M, Guibert S, Kinne S, Balkanski Y, Bauer S, Berntsen T, Berglen T, Boucher O, Chin M, Dentener F, Diehl T, Easter R, Feichter H, Fillmore D, Ghan S, Ginoux P, Gong S, Grini A, Hendricks J, Horowitz L, Huang P, Isaksen I, Iversen I, Kloster S, Koch D, Kirkevåg A, Kristjansson JE, Krol M, Lauer A, Lamarque JF, Liu X, Montanaro V, Myhre G, Penner J, Pitari G, Reddy S, Seland Ø, Stier P, Takemura T, Tie X (2006) Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom. Atmos Chem Phys 6:1777–1813
go back to reference Thordarson T (1995) Volatile release and atmospheric effects of basaltic fissure eruptions. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu Thordarson T (1995) Volatile release and atmospheric effects of basaltic fissure eruptions. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
go back to reference Thordarson T, Self S (1993) The Laki (Skaftar Fires) and Grimsvatn eruptions in 1783–1785. Bull Volcanol 55:233–263CrossRef Thordarson T, Self S (1993) The Laki (Skaftar Fires) and Grimsvatn eruptions in 1783–1785. Bull Volcanol 55:233–263CrossRef
go back to reference Thordarson T, Self S (2003) Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: a review and reassessment. J Geophys Res Atmos 108(D1):4011. doi:10.1029/2001JD002042 Thordarson T, Self S (2003) Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: a review and reassessment. J Geophys Res Atmos 108(D1):4011. doi:10.​1029/​2001JD002042
go back to reference Thordarson T, Self S, Oskarsson N, Hulsebosch T (1996) Sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the 1783–1784 AD Laki (Skaftar fires) eruption in Iceland. Bull Volcanol 58:205–222 Thordarson T, Self S, Oskarsson N, Hulsebosch T (1996) Sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the 1783–1784 AD Laki (Skaftar fires) eruption in Iceland. Bull Volcanol 58:205–222
go back to reference Timmreck C, Lorenz SJ, Crowley TJ, Kinne S, Raddatz TJ, Thomas MA, Jungclaus JH (2009) Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys Res Lett 36:L21708CrossRef Timmreck C, Lorenz SJ, Crowley TJ, Kinne S, Raddatz TJ, Thomas MA, Jungclaus JH (2009) Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys Res Lett 36:L21708CrossRef
go back to reference Timmreck C, Graf HF, Lorenz SJ, Niemeier U, Zanchettin D, Matei D, Jungclaus JH, Crowley TJ (2010) Aerosol size confines climate response to volcanic super-eruptions. Geophys Res Lett 37:L24705CrossRef Timmreck C, Graf HF, Lorenz SJ, Niemeier U, Zanchettin D, Matei D, Jungclaus JH, Crowley TJ (2010) Aerosol size confines climate response to volcanic super-eruptions. Geophys Res Lett 37:L24705CrossRef
go back to reference Turco RP, Toon OB, Whitten RC, Hamill P, Keesee RG (1983) The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens: physical and chemical processes in the stratospheric clouds. J Geophys Res 88:5299–5319CrossRef Turco RP, Toon OB, Whitten RC, Hamill P, Keesee RG (1983) The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens: physical and chemical processes in the stratospheric clouds. J Geophys Res 88:5299–5319CrossRef
go back to reference Zielinski GA, Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Grönvold K, Germani MS, Whitlow S, Twickler MS, Taylor K (1997) Volcanic aerosol records and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland, ice cores. J Geophys Res 102(C12):26625–26640 Zielinski GA, Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Grönvold K, Germani MS, Whitlow S, Twickler MS, Taylor K (1997) Volcanic aerosol records and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland, ice cores. J Geophys Res 102(C12):26625–26640
Metadata
Title
Impact of the 1783–1784 AD Laki Eruption on Global Aerosol Formation Processes and Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Author
Anja Schmidt
Copyright Year
2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34839-6_4