Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
What Makes TMS Special? Let Us Consider a Case Study in Volunteer Excellence: Barry J. Welch Read chapter Read first chapter

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Individual Pot Sampling for Low-Voltage PFC Emissions Characterization and Reduction

Authors : Brian Zukas, Julie Young

Published in: Light Metals 2023

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

PFC emissions from aluminum smelting are characterized by two mechanisms, high-voltage generation (HV-PFCs) and low-voltage generation (LV-PFCs). HV-PFCs are emissions produced when a cell is undergoing an anode effect, typically >8 V. Modern cell technology has enabled pre-bake smelters to achieve low anode effect rates and durations, thereby lowering their HV-PFC emissions. LV-PFCs are the emissions produced when the cell voltage is below 8 V. Lacking a clear process signal to act upon, LV-PFCs can be difficult to treat. To tackle this issue, Alcoa has conducted sampling on individual electrolysis cells, during which continuous process and emissions data, as well as periodic bath samples, were collected. In the sampled cells, a variety of conditions were observed where LV-PFCs were generated. Understanding what was occurring at the cell level allowed for the identification of opportunities for process improvement, both for the reduction of LV-PFC emissions and cell performance.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter The Way Towards Zero Carbon Emissions in Aluminum Electrolysis
next chapter Determination of PFC with Canister Sampling and Medusa GC–MS Analysis in Comparison to General IPCC Estimation Methods
Literature
1.
A. T. Tabereaux and D. S. Wong, “Awakening of the Aluminum Industry to PFC Emissions and Global Warming,” Light Metals, pp. 554–564, 2021.
2.
N. R. Dando, L. Sylvain, J. Fleckenstein, C. Kato, V. Van Son and L. Coleman, “Sustainable Anode Effect Based Perfluorocarbon Emission Reduction,” Light Metals, pp. 325–328, 2011.
3.
A. Solheim, “Reflections on the Low-Voltage Anode Effect in Aluminimum Electrolysis Cells,” Light Metals, pp. 971–978, 2022.
4.
D. S. Wong, A. Tabereaux and P. Lavoie, “Anode Effect Phenomena during Conventional AEs, Low Voltage Propagating AEs & Non‐Propagating AEs,” Light Metals, pp. 529–534, 2014.
5.
D. S. Wong and B. Welch, “PFCs and Anode Products-Myths, Minimisation and IPCC Method Updates to Quantify the Environmental Impact,” in Proceedings from the 12th Australasian Aluminium Smelting Technology Conference, Queenstown, New Zealand, 2018.
6.
N. R. Dando, N. Menegazzo, L. Espinoza-Nava, N. Westenford and E. Batista, “Non Anode Effect PFCs: Measurement Considerations and Potential Impacts,” Light Metals, pp. 551–554, 2015.
7.
L. Dion, L. I. Kiss, S. Poncsak and C.-L. Lagace, “Prediction of Low Voltage Tetrafluoromethane Emissions Based on the Operating Conditions of an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell,” JOM, pp. 2472–2482, 2016.
8.
E. Batista, L. Espinova-Nava, C. Tulga, R. Marcotte, Y. Duchemin and P. Manolescu, “Low Voltage PFC Measurements and Potential Alternatives to Reduce Them at Alcoa Smelters,” Light Metals, pp. 1463–1467, 2018.
9.
E. Batista, N. R. Dando, N. Menegazzo and L. Espinoza-Nava, “Sustainable Reduction of Anode Effect and Low Voltage PFC Emissions,” Light Metals, pp. 537–540, 2016.
10.
D. Picard, J. Tessier, D. Gauthier, H. Alamdari and M. Fafard, “In Situ Evolution of the Frozen Layer Under Cold Anode,” Light Metals, pp. 795–802, 2019.
11.
C.-J. Wong, Y. Yao, J. Boa, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, B. J. Welch and A. Jassim, “Modeling Anode Current Pickup After Setting,” Light Metals, pp. 351–358, 2021.
12.
V. Bojarevics, “In-Line Cell Position and Anode Change Effects on the Alumina Dissolution,” Light Metals, pp. 584–590, 2021.
13.
L. Dion, L. I. Kiss, S. Poncsak and C.-L. Lagace, “Simulator of Non-homogenous Alumina and Current Distribution in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell to Predict Low-Voltage Anode Effects,” Metallurgical and Materials Transcations B, vol. 49B, pp. 737-755, 2018.CrossRef
14.
A. Zarouni, M. Reverdy, A. A. Zarouni and K. G. Venkatasubramaniam, “A Study of Low Voltage PFC Emissions at Dubal,” Light Metals, pp. 859–863, 2013.
15.
X. Wang, G. Tarcy, S. Whelan, S. Porto, C. Ritter, B. Ouellet, G. Homley, A. Morphett, G. Proulx, S. Lindsay and J. Bruggerman, “Development and Deployment of Slotted Anode Technology at Alcoa,” Light Metals, pp. 299–304, 2007.
16.
A. Jassim, A. A. A. Akhmetov, D. Whitfield and B. Welch, “Understanding of Co-Evolution of PFC Emissions in EGA Smelter with Opportunities and Challenges to Lower the Emissions,” Light Metals, pp. 829–836, 2019.
17.
S. Kolas, P. McIntosh and A. Solheim, “High Frequency Measurements of Current Through Individual Anodes: Some Results From Measurement Campaigns at Hydro,” Light Metals, pp. 729–734, 2015.
Metadata
Title
Individual Pot Sampling for Low-Voltage PFC Emissions Characterization and Reduction
Authors
Brian Zukas
Julie Young
Copyright Year
2023
Book
Light Metals 2023

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22531-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-22532-1

Copyright Year: 2023

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22532-1_87

Premium Partners

    Image Credits