Innovating Based on R tree and Artificial Neural Network for Hierarchical Clustering in Order to Make QoS Routes in MANET

The advanced routing protocol not only operates on lower levels of a network protocol, but it also operates on upper layers such as the application layer of OSI model. The routing task can be operated on a wider scale. It can process based on results of some other protocols for example service based protocol can be operated based on the service discovery protocol. So this kind of routing protocols may be determinized as upper layer routing protocols. Such as the service based routing protocol can operate based on content based protocol and combines some service filters. In service based routing protocol as well as content based routing protocol, subscriber and publisher can communicate with each other but they don’t know the other’s address. So it is more flexible in processing and more comfortable for mobile ad-hoc network. In mobile ad-hoc networks, nodes usually move, so bandwidth of connection between them may be not stable. Therefore transmission delay, overhead and packet loss may be larger than other kinds of networks. The paper aims at purpose to increase QoS of routing by hierarchical clustering routing by using \( R^{ + } \) tree in addition with some advanced techniques such as multicast routing, multiple paths, use can ACO to optimize routes to transmit data. By using R tree structure, the network topology are managed by bottom-up model from leaf level to root of the tree. All the leaf nodes, inner nodes and root of this tree have two roles: (i) Manage a cluster that consisting all nodes that have direct connections with this node; (ii) Operate as a normal node. The paper introduces and analyzes: (i) Establish hierarchical clustering network by using R tree structure; (ii) Make multicast tree from some cluster heads for fast routing; (iii) Make optimized route by Ant Colony Optimization. The paper also uses the Artificial Neural Network to choose optimal cluster head and members for cluster of network.