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2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Interacting with Virtual Agents in Shared Space: Single and Joint Effects of Gaze and Proxemics

Authors : Jan Kolkmeier, Jered Vroon, Dirk Heylen

Published in: Intelligent Virtual Agents

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The Equilibrium Theory put forward by Argyle and Dean, posits that in human-human interactions, gaze and proxemic behaviors work together in establishing and maintaining a particular level of intimacy. This theory has been evaluated and used in Virtual Reality settings where people interact with Virtual Humans. In this study we disentangle the single and joint effects of proxemic and gaze behavior in this setting further, and examine how these behaviors affect the perceived personality of the agents. We simulate a social encounter with Virtual Humans in immersive Virtual Reality. Gaze and proxemic behaviors of the agents are manipulated dynamically while the participants’ gaze and proxemic responses are being measured. As could be expected, participants showed strongest gaze and proxemic responses when agents manipulated both at the same time. However, agents that only manipulated gaze elicited weaker responses compared to agents that only manipulated proxemics. Agents that exhibited more directed gaze and reduced interpersonal distance were attributed higher scores on intimacy related items than agents that exhibited averted gaze and increased interpersonal distance.

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next chapter The Effect of an Intelligent Virtual Agent’s Nonverbal Behavior with Regard to Dominance and Cooperativity
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Metadata
Title
Interacting with Virtual Agents in Shared Space: Single and Joint Effects of Gaze and Proxemics
Authors
Jan Kolkmeier
Jered Vroon
Dirk Heylen
Copyright Year
2016
Book
Intelligent Virtual Agents

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47664-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-47665-0

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47665-0_1

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