1. Introduction to Novel Internal Combustion Engine Technologies for Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction

In the last two decades, efficient and clean internal combustion (IC) engines have become the main requirement of society. To fulfil this demand, a lot of research is going on throughout the world. Few researchers have already focussed on advanced engine technologies for improving engine efficiency; however, current emission standards are pushing researchers to carry out some fundamental investigations to reduce the pollutant formation inside the combustion chamber and the development of advanced after-treatment systems to cut down the emissions from tail pipe. This book is based on these two aspects. The first section of this book covers several fundamental studies related to laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for pollutant formation, particle image velocimetry (PIV) for in-cylinder air flow characteristics and fuel spray investigations. The second section of this book is based on performance improvement and emission reduction by using after-treatment technologies and other techniques such as blending of nano-additives. Overall this book is based on the current measures of engine technologies used for performance improvement and emission reduction.