1. Introduction

This introductory chapter is an attempt to synthetize the rich and varied findings, insights and perspectives presented in the 20 peer-reviewed chapters of this book. The book as a whole provides a rich compilation of observations, views, case studies and recommendations from scientists across the African continent and beyond. It presents a representative overview of the current knowledge of climate change/water resource interactions in Africa, illustrated by a variety of regional, national and local level case studies, discussions of tools and methodologies, as well as considerations for governance and institutional settings and specific management approaches. Based on the varied analyses and findings presented in this book, this introductory chapter also presents a number of options and recommended actions for improved management of water resources within the context of climate change in Africa. Of particular importance, in this regard, is the emerging need to address the economic and financial aspects of climate change adaptation, recognizing that adaptation is a development challenge that is adding to the existing poverty and development-related challenges on the continent. Additional and substantial increases in financing are therefore required in order to improve the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural households as well as land and water management systems.