Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 3/2012

01-09-2012

Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment

Authors: Noel Enyedy, Joshua A. Danish, Girlie Delacruz, Melissa Kumar

Published in: International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning | Issue 3/2012

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The Learning Physics through Play Project (LPP) engaged 6–8 year old students (n = 43) in a series of scientific investigations of Newtonian force and motion including a series of augmented reality activities. We outline the two design principles behind the LPP curriculum: 1) the use of socio-dramatic, embodied play in the form of participatory modeling to support inquiry; and 2) progressive symbolization within rich semiotic ecologies to help students construct meaning. We then present pre- and post-test results to show that young students were able to develop a conceptual understanding of force, net force, friction and two-dimensional motion after participating in the LPP curriculum. Finally, we present two case studies that illustrate the design principles in action. Taken together the cases show some of the strengths and challenges associated with using augmented reality, embodied play, and a student invented semiotic ecology for scientific inquiry.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
We have adapted the term ‘ambitious math instruction’ from (Lampert et al. 2010) which was used to refer to instruction that simultaneously targets conceptual understanding, procedural fluency and productive dispositions towards the domain.
 
2
Note that in previous presentations, this project was referred to as the Semiotic Pivots and Activity Spaces for Elementary Science (SPASES) Project NSF Award # DRL-0733218.
 
3
All names are pseudonyms.
 
4
The initial implementation of LPP allowed for all artwork to be substituted except for the ball. Students were, however, able to imagine the ball as a letter and referred to it as such throughout this activity. To avoid this challenge, however, future iterations will support a replacement of all visual elements in the system.
 
5
Large and medium are labels that the students chose to apply to those different forces.
 
6
They were asked to poke the soccer ball with a stick, rather than kick it, to better simulate an impulse force and to provide better control over the direction of the force.
 
Literature
go back to reference Acredolo, C., Adams, A., & Schmid, J. (1984). On the understanding of the relationships between speed, duration, and distance. Child Development, 55, 2151–2159.CrossRef Acredolo, C., Adams, A., & Schmid, J. (1984). On the understanding of the relationships between speed, duration, and distance. Child Development, 55, 2151–2159.CrossRef
go back to reference Bateson, G. (1976). A theory of play and fantasy. In J.S. Bruner, A. Jolly and K. Sylva (Eds.), Play—its role in development and evolution (pp 119–129). New York: Basic Books. Bateson, G. (1976). A theory of play and fantasy. In J.S. Bruner, A. Jolly and K. Sylva (Eds.), Play—its role in development and evolution (pp 119–129). New York: Basic Books.
go back to reference Bransford, J. (Ed.). (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school: National Academies Press. Bransford, J. (Ed.). (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school: National Academies Press.
go back to reference Bullock, M., Gelman, R., & Baillargeon, R. (1982). The development of causal reasoning. In W. J. Friedman (Ed.), The developmental psychology of time. New York: Academic. Bullock, M., Gelman, R., & Baillargeon, R. (1982). The development of causal reasoning. In W. J. Friedman (Ed.), The developmental psychology of time. New York: Academic.
go back to reference Clark, D. B., D'Angelo, C. M., & Schleigh, S. P. (2011). Comparison of students' knowledge structure coherence and understanding of force in the Philippines, Turkey, China, Mexico, and the United States. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(2), 207–261. Clark, D. B., D'Angelo, C. M., & Schleigh, S. P. (2011). Comparison of students' knowledge structure coherence and understanding of force in the Philippines, Turkey, China, Mexico, and the United States. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(2), 207–261.
go back to reference Cobb, P. (2002). Reasoning with Tools and Inscriptions. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 11, 187–215. Cobb, P. (2002). Reasoning with Tools and Inscriptions. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 11, 187–215.
go back to reference Cobb, P., Stephan, M., McClain, K., & Gravemeijer, K. (2001). Participating in Classroom Mathematical Practices. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10, 113–163.CrossRef Cobb, P., Stephan, M., McClain, K., & Gravemeijer, K. (2001). Participating in Classroom Mathematical Practices. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10, 113–163.CrossRef
go back to reference Colella, V. (2000). Participatory simulations: Building collaborative understanding through immersive dynamic modeling. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 9(4), 471–500.CrossRef Colella, V. (2000). Participatory simulations: Building collaborative understanding through immersive dynamic modeling. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 9(4), 471–500.CrossRef
go back to reference Cooper, P. (2009). The classrooms all young children need: Lessons in teaching from Vivian Paley. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Cooper, P. (2009). The classrooms all young children need: Lessons in teaching from Vivian Paley. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference Danish, J. A. (2009). BeeSign: A Design Experiment to Teach Kindergarten and First Grade Students About Honeybees From a Complex Systems Perspective. San Diego, CA: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Danish, J. A. (2009). BeeSign: A Design Experiment to Teach Kindergarten and First Grade Students About Honeybees From a Complex Systems Perspective. San Diego, CA: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
go back to reference diSessa, A. A. (1988). Knowledge in pieces. In G. Forman & P. Putfall (Eds.), Constructivism in the computer age (pp. 49–70). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. diSessa, A. A. (1988). Knowledge in pieces. In G. Forman & P. Putfall (Eds.), Constructivism in the computer age (pp. 49–70). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference diSessa, A. A. (1993). Toward an Epistemology of Physics. Cognition and Instruction, 10(2), 105–225.CrossRef diSessa, A. A. (1993). Toward an Epistemology of Physics. Cognition and Instruction, 10(2), 105–225.CrossRef
go back to reference diSessa, A. A. (2000). Changing minds: Computers, learning, and literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. diSessa, A. A. (2000). Changing minds: Computers, learning, and literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
go back to reference diSessa, A. A., Hammer, D., Sherin, B., & Kolpakowski, T. (1991). Inventing Graphing: Meta-Representationsal Expertise in Children. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 10, 117–160. diSessa, A. A., Hammer, D., Sherin, B., & Kolpakowski, T. (1991). Inventing Graphing: Meta-Representationsal Expertise in Children. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 10, 117–160.
go back to reference Enyedy, N. (2005). Inventing Mapping: Creating cultural forms to solve collective problems. Cognition and Instruction, 23(4), 427–466.CrossRef Enyedy, N. (2005). Inventing Mapping: Creating cultural forms to solve collective problems. Cognition and Instruction, 23(4), 427–466.CrossRef
go back to reference Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks. Cognitive Science, 22(2), 133–187.CrossRef Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks. Cognitive Science, 22(2), 133–187.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(1489–1522). Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(1489–1522).
go back to reference Greeno, J. G., & Hall, R. P. (1997). Practicing representation. Phi Delta Kappan, 78(5), 361–367. Greeno, J. G., & Hall, R. P. (1997). Practicing representation. Phi Delta Kappan, 78(5), 361–367.
go back to reference Griffin, P., & Cole, M. (1984). Current activity for the future: The Zo-ped. New Directions for Child Development, 23, 45–64.CrossRef Griffin, P., & Cole, M. (1984). Current activity for the future: The Zo-ped. New Directions for Child Development, 23, 45–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Hall, R., Stevens, R., & Torralba, A. (2002). Disrupting representational infrastructure in conversations across disciplines. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 9(3), 179–210.CrossRef Hall, R., Stevens, R., & Torralba, A. (2002). Disrupting representational infrastructure in conversations across disciplines. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 9(3), 179–210.CrossRef
go back to reference Hestenes, D., Wells, M., & Swackhamer, G. (1992). Force concept inventory. The Physics Teacher, 30, 141–148. Hestenes, D., Wells, M., & Swackhamer, G. (1992). Force concept inventory. The Physics Teacher, 30, 141–148.
go back to reference Kato, H. (2006). The youthful energy for integration of engineering and arts: An augmented reality toolkit and its applications for ART. Joho Shori (45), 362–367. Kato, H. (2006). The youthful energy for integration of engineering and arts: An augmented reality toolkit and its applications for ART. Joho Shori (45), 362–367.
go back to reference Klahr, D. (2000). Exploring science: The cognition and development of discovery processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Klahr, D. (2000). Exploring science: The cognition and development of discovery processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Klopfer, E. (2008). Augmented learning: Research and design of mobile educational games. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Klopfer, E. (2008). Augmented learning: Research and design of mobile educational games. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Lampert, M., Beasley, H., Ghousseini, H., Kazemi, E., & Franke, M. (2010). Using designed instructional activities to enable novices to manage ambitious mathematics teaching. Instructional Explanations in the Disciplines, 129–141. Lampert, M., Beasley, H., Ghousseini, H., Kazemi, E., & Franke, M. (2010). Using designed instructional activities to enable novices to manage ambitious mathematics teaching. Instructional Explanations in the Disciplines, 129–141.
go back to reference Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (1998). Reasoning about structure and function: Children’s conceptions of gears. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(1), 3–25.CrossRef Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (1998). Reasoning about structure and function: Children’s conceptions of gears. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(1), 3–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2000). Inventing data structures for representational purposes: Elementary grade students’ classification models. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 2, 49–72.CrossRef Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2000). Inventing data structures for representational purposes: Elementary grade students’ classification models. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 2, 49–72.CrossRef
go back to reference Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2006). Scientific thinking and science literacy. In R. W. Damon, K. Lerner, A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol. 4). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2006). Scientific thinking and science literacy. In R. W. Damon, K. Lerner, A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol. 4). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2002). Symbolic communication in mathematics and science: Co-constituting inscription and thought. In E. D. Amsel & J. Byrnes (Eds.), Language, literacy, and cognitive development: The development and consequences of symbolic communication (pp. 167–192). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2002). Symbolic communication in mathematics and science: Co-constituting inscription and thought. In E. D. Amsel & J. Byrnes (Eds.), Language, literacy, and cognitive development: The development and consequences of symbolic communication (pp. 167–192). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Carpenter, S., & Penner, D. E. (2000). The inter-related development of inscriptions and conceptual understanding. In P. Cobb, E. Yackel, & K. McClain (Eds.), Symbolizing and communicating in mathematics classrooms: Perspectives on discourse, tools, and instructional design (pp. 325–360). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Carpenter, S., & Penner, D. E. (2000). The inter-related development of inscriptions and conceptual understanding. In P. Cobb, E. Yackel, & K. McClain (Eds.), Symbolizing and communicating in mathematics classrooms: Perspectives on discourse, tools, and instructional design (pp. 325–360). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Matsuda, F. (2001). Development of concepts of interrelationships among duration, distance, and speed. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 466–480.CrossRef Matsuda, F. (2001). Development of concepts of interrelationships among duration, distance, and speed. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 466–480.CrossRef
go back to reference Metz, K. E. (1995). Reassessment of Developmental Constraints on Children’s Science Instruction. Review of Educational Research, 65(2), 93–127. Metz, K. E. (1995). Reassessment of Developmental Constraints on Children’s Science Instruction. Review of Educational Research, 65(2), 93–127.
go back to reference Metz, K. E. (1997). On the Complex Relation Between Cognitive Developmental Research and Children’s Science Curricula. Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 151–163. Metz, K. E. (1997). On the Complex Relation Between Cognitive Developmental Research and Children’s Science Curricula. Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 151–163.
go back to reference McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1, 30–46. McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1, 30–46.
go back to reference Minstrell, J., & Stimpson, V. (1995). A classroom environment for learning: Guiding students’ reconstruction of understanding and reasoning. In R. Glaser & L. Schauble (Eds.), The contributions of instructional innovation to understanding learning. Boulder, CO: Paper presented at the Conference on Curriculum and Assessment Reform in Education. Minstrell, J., & Stimpson, V. (1995). A classroom environment for learning: Guiding students’ reconstruction of understanding and reasoning. In R. Glaser & L. Schauble (Eds.), The contributions of instructional innovation to understanding learning. Boulder, CO: Paper presented at the Conference on Curriculum and Assessment Reform in Education.
go back to reference Nemirovsky, R. (2003). Three Conjectures concerning the Relationship between Body Activity and Understanding Mathematics. Paper presented at the PME 27, Honolulu, Hawai-I. Nemirovsky, R. (2003). Three Conjectures concerning the Relationship between Body Activity and Understanding Mathematics. Paper presented at the PME 27, Honolulu, Hawai-I.
go back to reference Nemirovsky, R., Tierney, C., & Wright, T. (1998). Body Motion and Graphing. Cognition and Instruction, 16(2), 119–172.CrossRef Nemirovsky, R., Tierney, C., & Wright, T. (1998). Body Motion and Graphing. Cognition and Instruction, 16(2), 119–172.CrossRef
go back to reference Nicolopoulou, A. (1993). Play, cognitive development, and the social world: Piaget, Vygotsky, and beyond. Human Development, 36(1), 1–23.CrossRef Nicolopoulou, A. (1993). Play, cognitive development, and the social world: Piaget, Vygotsky, and beyond. Human Development, 36(1), 1–23.CrossRef
go back to reference Noble, T., Nemirovsky, R., Wright, T., & Tierney, C. (2001). Experiencing change: The mathematics of change in multiple environments. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 32(1), 85–108. Noble, T., Nemirovsky, R., Wright, T., & Tierney, C. (2001). Experiencing change: The mathematics of change in multiple environments. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 32(1), 85–108.
go back to reference NRC. (2007). Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. NRC. (2007). Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
go back to reference Ochs, E., Gonzales, P., & Jacoby, S. (1996). “When I come down, I’m in a domain state”: Grammar and Graphic Representation in the Interpretive Activity of Physicists. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff, & S. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and Grammar (pp. 328–369). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Ochs, E., Gonzales, P., & Jacoby, S. (1996). “When I come down, I’m in a domain state”: Grammar and Graphic Representation in the Interpretive Activity of Physicists. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff, & S. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and Grammar (pp. 328–369). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Piaget, J. (1952). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc. Piaget, J. (1952). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Co, Inc.
go back to reference Roschelle, J. (1992). Learning by collaborating: Convergent conceptual change. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(3), 235–276.CrossRef Roschelle, J. (1992). Learning by collaborating: Convergent conceptual change. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(3), 235–276.CrossRef
go back to reference Roseberry, A. S., Warren, B., Ballenger, C., & Ogonowski, M. (2005). The generative potential of students’ everyday knowledge in learning science. In T. Romberg, T. Carpenter, & F. Dremock (Eds.), Understanding mathematics and everyday knowledge in learning science (pp. 55–80). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Roseberry, A. S., Warren, B., Ballenger, C., & Ogonowski, M. (2005). The generative potential of students’ everyday knowledge in learning science. In T. Romberg, T. Carpenter, & F. Dremock (Eds.), Understanding mathematics and everyday knowledge in learning science (pp. 55–80). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Schauble, L. (1996). The development of scientific reasoning in knowledge-rich contexts. Developmental Psychology, 32(1), 102–119.CrossRef Schauble, L. (1996). The development of scientific reasoning in knowledge-rich contexts. Developmental Psychology, 32(1), 102–119.CrossRef
go back to reference Sherin, B., diSessa, A. A., & Hammer, D. M. (1993). Dynaturtle revisited: Learning physics through collaborative design of a computer model. Interactive Learning Environments, 3(2), 91–118.CrossRef Sherin, B., diSessa, A. A., & Hammer, D. M. (1993). Dynaturtle revisited: Learning physics through collaborative design of a computer model. Interactive Learning Environments, 3(2), 91–118.CrossRef
go back to reference Siegler, R. S., & Liebert, R. M. (1975). Acquisition of formal experiment. Developmental Psychology, 11, 401–412.CrossRef Siegler, R. S., & Liebert, R. M. (1975). Acquisition of formal experiment. Developmental Psychology, 11, 401–412.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, J. P., diSessa, A. A., & Roschelle, J. (1994). Misconceptions reconceived: A constructivist analysis of knowledge in transition. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3(2), 115–163.CrossRef Smith, J. P., diSessa, A. A., & Roschelle, J. (1994). Misconceptions reconceived: A constructivist analysis of knowledge in transition. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3(2), 115–163.CrossRef
go back to reference Suthers, D. D., & Medina, R. (2010). The temporal development of representational practices: Implications for theory and analysis of situated learning. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on the System Sciences (HICSS-43), January 5- 8, 2010, Kauai, Hawaii (CD-ROM). New Brunswick: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). Suthers, D. D., & Medina, R. (2010). The temporal development of representational practices: Implications for theory and analysis of situated learning. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on the System Sciences (HICSS-43), January 5- 8, 2010, Kauai, Hawaii (CD-ROM). New Brunswick: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).
go back to reference Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference White, B. (1993a). Intermediate Causal Models: A missing link for successful science education? In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in Instructional Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 177–252). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. White, B. (1993a). Intermediate Causal Models: A missing link for successful science education? In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in Instructional Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 177–252). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
go back to reference White, B. (1993b). Thinker tools: Causal models, conceptual change, and science education. Cognition and Instruction, 10(1), 1–100.CrossRef White, B. (1993b). Thinker tools: Causal models, conceptual change, and science education. Cognition and Instruction, 10(1), 1–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Yoachim, C. M., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2003). Cause and effect in the mind of the preschool child. Park City: Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Cognitive Development Society. Yoachim, C. M., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2003). Cause and effect in the mind of the preschool child. Park City: Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Cognitive Development Society.
go back to reference Yoon, S., Steinmeier, C., Wang, J., & Tucker, S. (2011). Learning science through knowledge-building and augmented reality in museums. In G. S. Hans Spada, N. Miyake, N. Law (Ed.), Connecting Computer- Supported Collaborative Learning to Policy and Practice: CSCL2011 Conference Proceedings. Volume I — Long Papers (pp. 9–16). HongKong, China: International Society of the Learning Sciences. Yoon, S., Steinmeier, C., Wang, J., & Tucker, S. (2011). Learning science through knowledge-building and augmented reality in museums. In G. S. Hans Spada, N. Miyake, N. Law (Ed.), Connecting Computer- Supported Collaborative Learning to Policy and Practice: CSCL2011 Conference Proceedings. Volume I — Long Papers (pp. 9–16). HongKong, China: International Society of the Learning Sciences.
go back to reference Youngquist, J., & Pataray-Ching, J. (2004). Revisiting “Play”: Analyzing and Articulating Acts of Inquiry. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 171–178.CrossRef Youngquist, J., & Pataray-Ching, J. (2004). Revisiting “Play”: Analyzing and Articulating Acts of Inquiry. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 171–178.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment
Authors
Noel Enyedy
Joshua A. Danish
Girlie Delacruz
Melissa Kumar
Publication date
01-09-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1556-1607
Electronic ISSN: 1556-1615
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-012-9150-3

Other articles of this Issue 3/2012

International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 3/2012 Go to the issue

Premium Partner