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2024 | Book

Lectures on Euclidean Geometry - Volume 2

Circle measurement, Transformations, Space Geometry, Conics

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About this book

This is a comprehensive two-volumes text on plane and space geometry, transformations and conics, using a synthetic approach. The first volume focuses on Euclidean Geometry of the plane, and the second volume on Circle measurement, Transformations, Space geometry, Conics.

The book is based on lecture notes from more than 30 courses which have been taught over the last 25 years. Using a synthetic approach, it discusses topics in Euclidean geometry ranging from the elementary (axioms and their first consequences), to the complex (the famous theorems of Pappus, Ptolemy, Euler, Steiner, Fermat, Morley, etc.). Through its coverage of a wealth of general and specialized subjects, it provides a comprehensive account of the theory, with chapters devoted to basic properties of simple planar and spatial shapes, transformations of the plane and space, and conic sections. As a result of repeated exposure of the material to students, it answers many frequently asked questions. Particular attention has been given to the didactic method; the text is accompanied by a plethora of figures (more than 2000) and exercises (more than 1400), most of them with solutions or expanded hints. Each chapter also includes numerous references to alternative approaches and specialized literature.

The book is mainly addressed to students in mathematics, physics, engineering, school teachers in these areas, as well as, amateurs and lovers of geometry. Offering a sound and self-sufficient basis for the study of any possible problem in Euclidean geometry, the book can be used to support lectures to the most advanced level, or for self-study.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Circle measurement, Transformations, Space Geometry, Conic sections

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Circle measurement
Abstract
The problem with the circle is, that before measuring it, one has to prove that it has length, called perimeter). This appears difficult to understand by the novice, it is however a problem which results from the fact that we don’t have, up to now, a definition for the length of a curve.
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 2. Transformations of the plane
Abstract
Transformation of the plane is called a process f , which assigns to every point X of the plane, with a possible exception of some special points, another point Y of the plane which we denote by f (X).
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 3. Lines and planes in space
Abstract
For the study of shapes of the space we need the abstract notion of the plane and some additional axioms to these we met in the preceding chapters. Axioms which describe the basic properties of planes, as well as, properties of lines in space and their relation to planes.
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 4. Solids
Abstract
To the notion of the dihedral corresponds, in plane geometry, that of the usual angle. This is emphasized also with the next definition which gives the way we measure the magnitude of a dihedral angle. The measure of the dihedral is defined by considering a plane orthogonal to the edge.
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 5. Areas in space, volumes
Abstract
The area of polyhedral surfaces relies on the definitions and the properties of area of plane figures. Thus, the area of the surface of a rectangular parallelepiped with sides equal to α, β and γ is 2(αβ +βγ +γα), the area of the surface of a cube of size δ is 6δ2 and similar calculations give the areas of any polyhedron, by adding the areas of their faces. The area of polyhedra, therefore, is not difficult to calculate and consequently possesses little theoretical interest (see however the exercises below).
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 6. Conic sections
Abstract
Intersections of a right circular conical surface Σ with a plane ε, orthogonal to its axis and not passing through its apex O, are circles (Proposition 4.8). When the plane is not orthogonal to the axis of Σ, the resulting intersections are ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas
Paris Pamfilos
Chapter 7. Transformations in space
Abstract
Transformations in space, analogously to those on the plane (§ 2.1), are processes through which to every point X of space corresponds another point Y of space, which we denote by f (X). The terminology here, Image, Prototype, Maps, Domain, Range, Composition of Transformations, ..., etc. is the same with that of the aforementioned section and I do not repeat it.
Paris Pamfilos
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Lectures on Euclidean Geometry - Volume 2
Author
Paris Pamfilos
Copyright Year
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-48910-5
Print ISBN
978-3-031-48909-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48910-5

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