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2021 | Book

Introduction to Life Cycle Engineering and Management (LCEM) Read chapter Read first chapter

Life Cycle Engineering and Management of Products

Theory and Practice

Editors: Dr. José Augusto de Oliveira, Dr. Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva, Dr. Fabio Neves Puglieri, Dr. Yovana María Barrera Saavedra

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book presents the role of life cycle engineering and life cycle management of products and services and their contributions to corporate environmental sustainability and the circular economy. It addresses the main techniques, tools, systems and practices for improving the environmental performance of business products and services throughout their life cycles.

The book covers the main topics and concepts related to life cycle engineering and life cycle management applied to the business context. It presents the themes through basic and in-depth theories. In addition, all chapters provide examples of real and hypothetical case studies for discussion and assimilation of theoretical content and its contextualization in the real and practical business scenario. The chapters are complemented by quantitative exercises.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction to Life Cycle Engineering and Management (LCEM)
Abstract
Do you know what a product Life Cycle is and how it can help sustainability? Well, before we talk about Life Cycle, let's define some important concepts about sustainability and how Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) fits into the 2030 Development Agenda.
José Augusto de Oliveira, Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva, Fabio Neves Puglieri, Yovana María Barrera Saavedra
Chapter 2. Cleaner Production (CP)
Abstract
Cleaner production (CP) is “the continuous application of an environmental strategy integrated with processes, products, and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment.”
José Augusto de Oliveira, Antonio José Gonçalves da Cruz, Andreza Aparecida Longati, Letícia Barbosa Fidanza
Chapter 3. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—Definition of Goals and Scope
Abstract
The definition of goals and scope is the first step of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) applications. It is the initial planning activities, where it is defined from the objective and target audience, the product characteristics (function, functional unit and reference flow), to other relevant scope elements (system boundaries, data quality requirements, cut-off criteria, multifunctionality issues, etc). As this is the first phase of LCA, it is common for previous definitions of goals and scope to be changed during the LCA study. After all, knowledge about the product's life cycle increases as the other LCA phases progress. To facilitate the LCA planning process, this chapter covers a number of useful tools that can be employed, such as illustrative flowcharts and diagrams, and tables and matrices for organizing and prioritizing actions.
Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva
Chapter 4. LCA—Life Cycle Inventory Analysis and Database
Abstract
Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI) consists of collecting, compiling and validating data regarding what enters and exits throughout a product's life cycle. The data to be collected refer to inputs, raw materials, the product itself, co-products, by-products, solid waste, liquid effluents and gas emissions.
Thiago Oliveira Rodrigues, Fernanda Belizario-Silva, Tiago Emmanuel Nunes Braga, Marília Ieda da Silveira Folegatti Matsuura
Chapter 5. LCA—Product Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Abstract
In this chapter, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase will be addressed, which is fundamental in quantifying environmental impacts according to the goal and scope of each study, as we saw in Chap. 3: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—Definition of Goals and Scope.
Ana Laura Raymundo Pavan, Natalia Crespo Mendes
Chapter 6. LCA—Interpretation of Results
Abstract
As LCA gains ground as a support for decision making both in the industrial sphere and in policy making, careful interpretation of the final results becomes crucial to determine their reliability and communicate them in an accurate, complete and fair manner.
Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade, Vanessa Gomes, Maristela Gomes da Silva
Chapter 7. Theory and Practice on Social Life Cycle Assessment
Abstract
The social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) has emerged as a methodological approach aimed at evaluating social and socio-economic aspects of products and organisations, and their potential positive and negative impacts along their life cycle. Through the UNEP-SETAC Guidelines for S-LCA of products, recently revised and improved, and the complementary methodological sheets, the field of S-LCA started establishing a framework building on the ISO 14040 and 14044 LCA standards. As the international context becomes increasingly demanding for social issues, S-LCA offers a comprehensive approach for helping companies to be compliant with ONU’s sustainable development goals. Thanks to its complementarity with other reporting tools and standards, S-LCA can be used in combination with other techniques or tools to provide further information and help linking social impacts at the company level to the product’s life cycle stages.
Alessandra Zamagni, Laura Zanchi, Silvia Di Cesare, Federica Silveri, Luigia Petti
Chapter 8. Product Ecodesign
Abstract
Ecodesign is a proactive approach for enhancing the product’s environmental performance through a holistic consideration of the environmental impacts associated with the phases of its life cycle, from raw material extraction and manufacturing to use and end-of-life. Over the last decades, a number of methods and tools have been developed for the implementation of ecodesign, supporting companies to significanly enhance the overall environmental performance at the same time as enhacing the overall product competitiveness. 
Daniela C. A. Pigosso
Chapter 9. Product-Service Systems (PSS)
Henrique Rozenfeld, Maiara Rosa, Sânia da Costa Fernandes, Marina de Pádua Pieroni, Carolina Queiroz Souza, Érica Gonçalves Rezende, Cristina Targas Gurian
Chapter 10. Corporate Sustainability—Defining Business Strategies and Models from Circular Economy
Abstract
Like all areas of knowledge, environmental management has undergone a process of evolution in recent decades. It is even possible to say that this process of birth of environmental concerns on the part of business until what we have today as the state-of-the-art in environmental management is relatively young when compared to other areas.
Fabio Neves Puglieri, Diego Rodrigues Iritani
Chapter 11. Environmental Management Systems and Performance Measurement
Abstract
Management systems help organizations to manage the various interrelated areas of their business to achieve their goals (ISO, 2015). They emerged as a way to assist in the continuous improvement of organizations, collaborating with the formation of a structure that contributes to the management of a specific area. In order for management systems to fulfill their role of promoting continuous improvement, it is necessary that indicators are adopted to assess the evolution of these systems. However, the need to measure performance is very old. In the past, the focus was on measures for financial performance and productivity. Over time, new needs have emerged in line with changes in the economy. In 1972, the pressure exerted by organizations on the environment, which had already gained particular notoriety in the last two decades, was discussed at the first United Nations Conference—UN in Stockholm, Sweden, making the need for environmental adequacy emerge.
Camila Fabrício Poltronieri, Luciana Rosa Leite, Sabrina Rodrigues Sousa
Chapter 12. Green Supply Chain Management
Abstract
Before addressing the elements that structure the entire integrated strategy to implement and operationalize Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), it is important to bring the reader the definition of the main concepts that guide this chapter, that is, what is the Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the green management of this chain.
Fabio Neves Puglieri, Yovana María Barrera Saavedra
Chapter 13. Communication and Environmental Labelling
Abstract
Given the current environmental and socio-economic scenario, it is important to share quality information about the environmental performance of certain products. This statement is confirmed in the form of demands generated by individual consumers and organizations that increasingly aim at “more sustainable” choices in the purchase and consumption of various products.
Cassiano Moro Piekarski, Murillo Vetroni Barros, Rodrigo Salvador, Fabio Neves Puglieri, Felipe Queiroz Coelho, Beatriz Cristina Koszka Kiss
Metadata
Title
Life Cycle Engineering and Management of Products
Editors
Dr. José Augusto de Oliveira
Dr. Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva
Dr. Fabio Neves Puglieri
Dr. Yovana María Barrera Saavedra
Copyright Year
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-78044-9
Print ISBN
978-3-030-78043-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78044-9