Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author : Anne Rödl

Published in: Biokerosene

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper gives an overview of some important annual and perennial crops for the provision of lignocellulosic biomass. It describes their cultivation practices as well as their requirements concerning site characteristics and typical logistic chains. Information on physical and chemical properties of these different lignocellulosic biomass plants determining their capability for biokerosene production is presented. Additionally, data on the potential yields and the areas currently under cultivation are given for each of the described crops.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
cubic meters underbark (i.e. excluding bark) – see FAO [35]
 
Literature
[1]
go back to reference Maniatis, K., Weitz, M.and Zschocke, A. (2013): 2 million tons per year: A performing biofuels supply chain for EU aviation. August 2013 Update. Revision of the version initially published June 2011. Brussels. Maniatis, K., Weitz, M.and Zschocke, A. (2013): 2 million tons per year: A performing biofuels supply chain for EU aviation. August 2013 Update. Revision of the version initially published June 2011. Brussels.
[2]
go back to reference Andersson B, Lindvall E (1997) Use of biomass from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as raw material for production of paper pulp and fuel. In: Christie BR (ed) Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, Canada. XVIII International Grassland Congress. Calgary. Andersson B, Lindvall E (1997) Use of biomass from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as raw material for production of paper pulp and fuel. In: Christie BR (ed) Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, Canada. XVIII International Grassland Congress. Calgary.
[3]
go back to reference McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresource Technol 83(1):37–46CrossRef McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresource Technol 83(1):37–46CrossRef
[5]
go back to reference Mohammed IY, Abakr YA, Kazi FK, Yusup S, Alshareef I, Chin SA (2015) Comprehensive characterization of napier grass as a feedstock for thermochemical conversion. Energies 8(5):3403–3417CrossRef Mohammed IY, Abakr YA, Kazi FK, Yusup S, Alshareef I, Chin SA (2015) Comprehensive characterization of napier grass as a feedstock for thermochemical conversion. Energies 8(5):3403–3417CrossRef
[6]
go back to reference Rengsirikul K, Ishii Y, Kangvansaichol K, Sripichitt P, Punsuvon V, Vaithanomsat P, Nakamanee G and Tudsri S (2013) Biomass Yield, Chemical Composition and potential Ethanol Yields of 8 Cultivars of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) Harvested 3-monthly in central Thailand [online]. J Sustain Bioenergy Syst 3: 107–112CrossRef Rengsirikul K, Ishii Y, Kangvansaichol K, Sripichitt P, Punsuvon V, Vaithanomsat P, Nakamanee G and Tudsri S (2013) Biomass Yield, Chemical Composition and potential Ethanol Yields of 8 Cultivars of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) Harvested 3-monthly in central Thailand [online]. J Sustain Bioenergy Syst 3: 107–112CrossRef
[7]
go back to reference Rabemanolontsoa H, Saka S (2013) Comparative study on chemical composition of various biomass species. RSC Adv 3(12):3946–3956CrossRef Rabemanolontsoa H, Saka S (2013) Comparative study on chemical composition of various biomass species. RSC Adv 3(12):3946–3956CrossRef
[8]
go back to reference Cotana F, Cavalaglio G, Pisello AL, Gelosia M, Ingles D, Pompili E (2015) Sustainable ethanol production from common reed (Phragmites australis) through simultaneuos saccharification and fermentation. Sustainability 7(9):12149–12163CrossRef Cotana F, Cavalaglio G, Pisello AL, Gelosia M, Ingles D, Pompili E (2015) Sustainable ethanol production from common reed (Phragmites australis) through simultaneuos saccharification and fermentation. Sustainability 7(9):12149–12163CrossRef
[9]
go back to reference Vaičekonytė R, Kiviat E, Nsenga F, Ostfeld A (2014) An exploration of common reed (Phragmites australis) bioenergy potential in North America. Mires Peat 13(12):1–9 Vaičekonytė R, Kiviat E, Nsenga F, Ostfeld A (2014) An exploration of common reed (Phragmites australis) bioenergy potential in North America. Mires Peat 13(12):1–9
[10]
go back to reference Bassam N.El (1998) Energy plant species. Their use and impact on environment and development. James & James, London Bassam N.El (1998) Energy plant species. Their use and impact on environment and development. James & James, London
[11]
go back to reference Lemons e Silva CF, Schirmer MA, Maeda RN, Barcelos CA, Pereira Jr, N (2015) Potential of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) for second generation ethanol production. Electron J Biotechnol 18(1):10–15 Lemons e Silva CF, Schirmer MA, Maeda RN, Barcelos CA, Pereira Jr, N (2015) Potential of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) for second generation ethanol production. Electron J Biotechnol 18(1):10–15
[12]
go back to reference Komolwanich T, Tatijarern P, Prasertwasu S, Khumsupan D, Chaisuwan T, Luengnaruemitchai A, Wongkasemjit S (2014) Comparative potentiality of Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum) and Giant reed (Arundo donax) as lignocellulosic feedstocks for the release of monomeric sugars by microwave/chemical pretreatment. Cellulose 21(3):1327–1340CrossRef Komolwanich T, Tatijarern P, Prasertwasu S, Khumsupan D, Chaisuwan T, Luengnaruemitchai A, Wongkasemjit S (2014) Comparative potentiality of Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum) and Giant reed (Arundo donax) as lignocellulosic feedstocks for the release of monomeric sugars by microwave/chemical pretreatment. Cellulose 21(3):1327–1340CrossRef
[13]
go back to reference Lopez F, Garcia JC, Perez A, Feria JM, Zamudio MA, Garrote G (2010) Chemical and energetic characterization of species with a high-biomass production: Fractionation of their components. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 29(4):499–509CrossRef Lopez F, Garcia JC, Perez A, Feria JM, Zamudio MA, Garrote G (2010) Chemical and energetic characterization of species with a high-biomass production: Fractionation of their components. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 29(4):499–509CrossRef
[14]
go back to reference Nultsch W (2001) Allgemeine Botanik. 11.völlig neubearb. und erweiterte Auflage; Thieme, Stuttgart, New York. Nultsch W (2001) Allgemeine Botanik. 11.völlig neubearb. und erweiterte Auflage; Thieme, Stuttgart, New York.
[15]
go back to reference FAO (2015a) FAO statistical pocketbook. FAO, Rome FAO (2015a) FAO statistical pocketbook. FAO, Rome
[16]
go back to reference Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca, Gustavo AB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403(6772):853–858CrossRef Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca, Gustavo AB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403(6772):853–858CrossRef
[19]
go back to reference Roloff A, Bärtels A (1996) Gehölze: Bestimmung, Herkunft und Lebensbereiche, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Gartenflora, vol. 1, Ulmer, Stuttgart. Roloff A, Bärtels A (1996) Gehölze: Bestimmung, Herkunft und Lebensbereiche, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Gartenflora, vol. 1, Ulmer, Stuttgart.
[20]
go back to reference Hooge H (2016) Die Waldkiefer. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW). Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn Hooge H (2016) Die Waldkiefer. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW). Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn
[21]
go back to reference Aas G (2007) Systematik, Verbreitung und Morphologie der Waldkiefer (Pinus sylvestris). In: Wauer A, Schmidt S (eds) Beiträge zur Waldkiefer, LWF Wissen Vol. 57, Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Freising. pp 7–11 Aas G (2007) Systematik, Verbreitung und Morphologie der Waldkiefer (Pinus sylvestris). In: Wauer A, Schmidt S (eds) Beiträge zur Waldkiefer, LWF Wissen Vol. 57, Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Freising. pp 7–11
[22]
go back to reference Polley H, Hennig P, Krother F, Marks A, Riedel T, Schmidt U, Schwitzgebel F, Stauber T (2016) Der Wald in Deutschland. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der dritten Bundeswaldinventur. 2. korrigierte Auflage. BMEL, Berlin Polley H, Hennig P, Krother F, Marks A, Riedel T, Schmidt U, Schwitzgebel F, Stauber T (2016) Der Wald in Deutschland. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der dritten Bundeswaldinventur. 2. korrigierte Auflage. BMEL, Berlin
[23]
go back to reference Grosser D (2007) Das Holz der Kiefer – Eigenschaften und Verwendung. In: Wauer A, Schmidt O (eds) Beiträge zur Waldkiefer, LWF Wissen Vol. 57, Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Freising. pp 67–71 Grosser D (2007) Das Holz der Kiefer – Eigenschaften und Verwendung. In: Wauer A, Schmidt O (eds) Beiträge zur Waldkiefer, LWF Wissen Vol. 57, Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Freising. pp 67–71
[24]
go back to reference Griesche C (2016) Die Fichte. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW). Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn. Griesche C (2016) Die Fichte. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW). Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn.
[25]
go back to reference Gössinger L. (2016) Die Eiche. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW), Wald. Deine Natur. Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn Gössinger L. (2016) Die Eiche. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW), Wald. Deine Natur. Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn
[26]
go back to reference Schmidt O. (2016) Die Buche. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW), Wald. Deine Natur. Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn Schmidt O. (2016) Die Buche. Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald (SDW), Wald. Deine Natur. Baum Infos Faltblätter, Bonn
[27]
go back to reference Cheers G (2003) Botanica – Das ABC der Pflanzen 10.000 Arten in Text und Bild. 4.aktualisierte deutsche Ausgabe. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Köln. Cheers G (2003) Botanica – Das ABC der Pflanzen 10.000 Arten in Text und Bild. 4.aktualisierte deutsche Ausgabe. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Köln.
[28]
go back to reference Indufor (2012) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Strategic review on the future of foresat plantations. Indufor, forest intelligence, Helsinki Indufor (2012) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Strategic review on the future of foresat plantations. Indufor, forest intelligence, Helsinki
[30]
go back to reference FAO (2012a) FRA 2015. Terms and definitions, forest resources assessment working paper (180). FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome FAO (2012a) FRA 2015. Terms and definitions, forest resources assessment working paper (180). FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
[31]
go back to reference Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, Freitas JV de, Grainger A, Linquist E (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO global forest resources assessment 2015. Forest Ecol. Manag 352:9–20CrossRef Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, Freitas JV de, Grainger A, Linquist E (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO global forest resources assessment 2015. Forest Ecol. Manag 352:9–20CrossRef
[32]
go back to reference EEA (2007) European forest types. Categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy, 2nd edn. EEA Technical report (No 9/2006). EEA European Environment Agency, Copenhagen EEA (2007) European forest types. Categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy, 2nd edn. EEA Technical report (No 9/2006). EEA European Environment Agency, Copenhagen
[34]
go back to reference Köhl M, Plugge D (2016) Forstwirtschaftlich produzierte Biomasse. In: Martin K, Hartmann H, Hofbauer H (eds) Energie aus Biomasse. Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–166 Köhl M, Plugge D (2016) Forstwirtschaftlich produzierte Biomasse. In: Martin K, Hartmann H, Hofbauer H (eds) Energie aus Biomasse. Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–166
[35]
go back to reference FAO (2016c) Yearbook of forest products 2014. FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Forestry Series (49), Rome FAO (2016c) Yearbook of forest products 2014. FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Forestry Series (49), Rome
[36]
go back to reference FAO (2012b) Improving lives with poplars and willows. Synthesis of country reports. 24th session of the International Poplar Commission, Dehradun, India. FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Working Paper (IPC/12), Forest Assessment, Management and Conservation Division, Rome FAO (2012b) Improving lives with poplars and willows. Synthesis of country reports. 24th session of the International Poplar Commission, Dehradun, India. FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Working Paper (IPC/12), Forest Assessment, Management and Conservation Division, Rome
[37]
go back to reference Hinge J, Christou M., (2012) Optimum harvest-storage options – handling requirements. SP2 – studies on biomass feedstock and optimisation for the selected value chain. WP2.2 – biomass supply chains. EUROBIOREF European multilevel integrated Biorefinery design for sustainable biomass processing, (D2.2.2 and D2.2.3), FP7 – Energy. 2009. 3.3.1, Paris Hinge J, Christou M., (2012) Optimum harvest-storage options – handling requirements. SP2 – studies on biomass feedstock and optimisation for the selected value chain. WP2.2 – biomass supply chains. EUROBIOREF European multilevel integrated Biorefinery design for sustainable biomass processing, (D2.2.2 and D2.2.3), FP7 – Energy. 2009. 3.3.1, Paris
[38]
go back to reference Ball J, Carle J, Del Lungo A (2005) Contribution of poplars and willows to sustainable forestry and rural development. Unasylva 56(221):3–9 Ball J, Carle J, Del Lungo A (2005) Contribution of poplars and willows to sustainable forestry and rural development. Unasylva 56(221):3–9
[39]
go back to reference Facciotto G, Minotta G, Paris P, Pelleri F (2015) Tree farming, agroforestry and the new green revolution. A necessary alliance. In: Ciancio O, Ciuti A, Chiara L, Morosi C, Piemontese FP, Puccioni G (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Sylviculture, Vol. 2 Accademia Italiana di Sienze Forestali Florence, pp 1–13 Facciotto G, Minotta G, Paris P, Pelleri F (2015) Tree farming, agroforestry and the new green revolution. A necessary alliance. In: Ciancio O, Ciuti A, Chiara L, Morosi C, Piemontese FP, Puccioni G (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Sylviculture, Vol. 2 Accademia Italiana di Sienze Forestali Florence, pp 1–13
[40]
go back to reference Caslin B, Finnan J, Johnston C, McCracken A, Walsh L, (2015) Short rotation coppice willow. Best practice guidelines. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast Caslin B, Finnan J, Johnston C, McCracken A, Walsh L, (2015) Short rotation coppice willow. Best practice guidelines. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast
[41]
go back to reference Eppler U, Petersen J-E (2007) Short rotation forestry, short rotation coppice and energy grassess in he European Uninion: agro-environmental aspects, present use and perspectives, Background Paper. Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Eberswalde Eppler U, Petersen J-E (2007) Short rotation forestry, short rotation coppice and energy grassess in he European Uninion: agro-environmental aspects, present use and perspectives, Background Paper. Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Eberswalde
[43]
go back to reference Pepke E (2010) Global wood markets: cosumption, production and trade. International Forestry and Global Issue, UNECE/FAO Timber Section, Nancy Pepke E (2010) Global wood markets: cosumption, production and trade. International Forestry and Global Issue, UNECE/FAO Timber Section, Nancy
[46]
go back to reference Lewandowski I (2016) Landwirtschaftlich produzierte Biomasse. In: Kaltschmitt M, Hartmann H, Hofbauer H (eds) Energie aus Biomasse. Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren. Springer, Berlin pp 167–247 Lewandowski I (2016) Landwirtschaftlich produzierte Biomasse. In: Kaltschmitt M, Hartmann H, Hofbauer H (eds) Energie aus Biomasse. Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren. Springer, Berlin pp 167–247
[47]
go back to reference Cook BG, Pengelly BC, Brown SD, Donnelly JL, Eagles D, Franco A, Hanson J, Mullen B, Patridge I, Peters M, et al, Schultze-Kraft R (2005) Tropical forages: an interactive selection tool. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane. http://www.tropicalforages.info. Accessed 10 Aug 2016 Cook BG, Pengelly BC, Brown SD, Donnelly JL, Eagles D, Franco A, Hanson J, Mullen B, Patridge I, Peters M, et al, Schultze-Kraft R (2005) Tropical forages: an interactive selection tool. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane. http://​www.​tropicalforages.​info. Accessed 10 Aug 2016
[48]
go back to reference Köbbing JF, Thevs N, Zerbe S (2013a) The utilisation of reed (Phragmites australis): a review. Mires and Peat 13(1):1–14. Köbbing JF, Thevs N, Zerbe S (2013a) The utilisation of reed (Phragmites australis): a review. Mires and Peat 13(1):1–14.
[49]
go back to reference Komulainen M, Simi P, Hagelberg E, Ikonen I, Lyytinen S (2008) Reed energy. Possibilities of using the common reed for energy generation in Southern Finland, Reports (67). Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku Komulainen M, Simi P, Hagelberg E, Ikonen I, Lyytinen S (2008) Reed energy. Possibilities of using the common reed for energy generation in Southern Finland, Reports (67). Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku
[50]
go back to reference Laurent A, Pelzer E, Loyce C, Makowski D (2015) Ranking yields of energy crops: a meta-analysis using direct and indirect comparisons. RENEW SUST ENERG REV 46:41–50CrossRef Laurent A, Pelzer E, Loyce C, Makowski D (2015) Ranking yields of energy crops: a meta-analysis using direct and indirect comparisons. RENEW SUST ENERG REV 46:41–50CrossRef
[51]
go back to reference Mitchell RB, Schmer MR (2012) Switchgrass harvest and storage. University of Nebraska, Agronomy & Horticulture – Faculty Publication (Paper 548), NebraskaCrossRef Mitchell RB, Schmer MR (2012) Switchgrass harvest and storage. University of Nebraska, Agronomy & Horticulture – Faculty Publication (Paper 548), NebraskaCrossRef
[52]
go back to reference Venturi P, Monti A, Piani I, Venturi G (2004) Evaluation of harvesting and post-harvesting techniques for energy destination of switchgrass. In: ETA. Florence (ed) 2nd World Conf. and Tech. Exhibit. on biomass for energy, industry and climate protection. ETA-Florence, WIP-Munich, Florence, Munich, pp 234–236 Venturi P, Monti A, Piani I, Venturi G (2004) Evaluation of harvesting and post-harvesting techniques for energy destination of switchgrass. In: ETA. Florence (ed) 2nd World Conf. and Tech. Exhibit. on biomass for energy, industry and climate protection. ETA-Florence, WIP-Munich, Florence, Munich, pp 234–236
[53]
go back to reference Grebe, S.; Hartmann, S.; Belau, T.; Döhler, H.; Eckel, H.; Frisch, J.; Fröba, N.; Funk, M.; Grube, J.; Horlacher, D.; Horn, C.; Kloepfer, F.; Lorbacher, R.; Sauer, N.; Schroers, J. O.; Wirth, B.and Witzel, E. (2012): Energiepflanzen. Daten für die Planung des Energiepflanzenanbaus, 2. Auflage. KTBL-Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft: Damstadt. Grebe, S.; Hartmann, S.; Belau, T.; Döhler, H.; Eckel, H.; Frisch, J.; Fröba, N.; Funk, M.; Grube, J.; Horlacher, D.; Horn, C.; Kloepfer, F.; Lorbacher, R.; Sauer, N.; Schroers, J. O.; Wirth, B.and Witzel, E. (2012): Energiepflanzen. Daten für die Planung des Energiepflanzenanbaus, 2. Auflage. KTBL-Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft: Damstadt.
[55]
go back to reference Larsen S, Jaiswal D, Bentsen N S, Wang D and Long S P (2016) Comparing predicted yield and yield stability of willow and Miscanthus across Denmark. GCB Bioenerg 8 (6):1061-1070.CrossRef Larsen S, Jaiswal D, Bentsen N S, Wang D and Long S P (2016) Comparing predicted yield and yield stability of willow and Miscanthus across Denmark. GCB Bioenerg 8 (6):1061-1070.CrossRef
[56]
go back to reference Fritz M, Formowitz B (2009) Miscanthus: Anbau und Nutzung. Informationen für die Praxis, Berichte aus dem TFZ (19), TFZ-Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Straubing Fritz M, Formowitz B (2009) Miscanthus: Anbau und Nutzung. Informationen für die Praxis, Berichte aus dem TFZ (19), TFZ-Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Straubing
[58]
go back to reference Köbbing JF, Thevs N, Zerbe S (2013b) The utilization of common reed (Phagmites australis) – a review. Reed as a resource. Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie Universität Greifswald Köbbing JF, Thevs N, Zerbe S (2013b) The utilization of common reed (Phagmites australis) – a review. Reed as a resource. Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie Universität Greifswald
[59]
go back to reference Odero D, Gilbert R, Ferrell J, Helsel Z (2011) Production of giant reed for biofuel, SS-AGR (318). University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainsville Odero D, Gilbert R, Ferrell J, Helsel Z (2011) Production of giant reed for biofuel, SS-AGR (318). University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainsville
[61]
go back to reference Schröder C, Schulze P, Luthardt V, Zeitz J (2015) Extensiv genutzte Rohrglanzgras Feuchtwiesen (Phalaris arundinacea L.) für Futter- und energetische Verwertung, Steckbrief für Niedermoorbewirtschaftung bei unterschiedlichen Wasserverhältnissen (Nr. 07). HNE Eberswalde, Humbold-Universität Berlin, Berlin Schröder C, Schulze P, Luthardt V, Zeitz J (2015) Extensiv genutzte Rohrglanzgras Feuchtwiesen (Phalaris arundinacea L.) für Futter- und energetische Verwertung, Steckbrief für Niedermoorbewirtschaftung bei unterschiedlichen Wasserverhältnissen (Nr. 07). HNE Eberswalde, Humbold-Universität Berlin, Berlin
[62]
go back to reference Wichtmann W, Wichtmann S (2010) Paludikultur – Alternativen für Moorstandorte durch nasse Bewirtschaftung. Energetische Verwertung von Niedermoorbiomasse. Acker + plus, 05 Oct, pp 86–89 Wichtmann W, Wichtmann S (2010) Paludikultur – Alternativen für Moorstandorte durch nasse Bewirtschaftung. Energetische Verwertung von Niedermoorbiomasse. Acker + plus, 05 Oct, pp 86–89
[63]
go back to reference Christou M (2011) The terrestrial biomass: formation and properties (crops and residual biomass). EUROBIOREF – summer school, CRES, Lecce Christou M (2011) The terrestrial biomass: formation and properties (crops and residual biomass). EUROBIOREF – summer school, CRES, Lecce
[64]
go back to reference Jochem D, Weimar H, Bösch M, Mantau U, Dieter M (2015) Estimation of wood removals and fellings in Germany: a calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood. Eur. J. For. Res. 134(5):869–888CrossRef Jochem D, Weimar H, Bösch M, Mantau U, Dieter M (2015) Estimation of wood removals and fellings in Germany: a calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood. Eur. J. For. Res. 134(5):869–888CrossRef
[65]
go back to reference Kupferschmid A (2001) Rindenkunde und Rindenverwertung, (Teil 4). ETH Zürich, Professur Holzwissenschaften, Zürich Kupferschmid A (2001) Rindenkunde und Rindenverwertung, (Teil 4). ETH Zürich, Professur Holzwissenschaften, Zürich
[66]
go back to reference Lang A (2002) Altholzverwertung, Altholzverordnung. 9. Quedlinburger Holzbautagung, Quedlinburg Lang A (2002) Altholzverwertung, Altholzverordnung. 9. Quedlinburger Holzbautagung, Quedlinburg
[67]
go back to reference Verheye W (2010) Growth and production of sugarcane. In: Verheye WH, Bayles MB (eds) Soils, plant growth and crop production, vol. II. UNESCO-EOLSS, Paris pp 1–10 Verheye W (2010) Growth and production of sugarcane. In: Verheye WH, Bayles MB (eds) Soils, plant growth and crop production, vol. II. UNESCO-EOLSS, Paris pp 1–10
[68]
go back to reference Abd-El Mawla HA, Hemeida BE (2015) Sugarcane mechanical harvesting-evaluation of local applications. J Soil Sci Agric Eng Mansoura University 6(1):129–141 Abd-El Mawla HA, Hemeida BE (2015) Sugarcane mechanical harvesting-evaluation of local applications. J Soil Sci Agric Eng Mansoura University 6(1):129–141
[69]
go back to reference Andreoli C, Pimentel D, Pereira de Souza S (2012) Net energy balance and carbon footprint of biofuel from corn and sugarcane. In: Pimentel D (ed) Global economic and environmental aspects of biofuels. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 221–248CrossRef Andreoli C, Pimentel D, Pereira de Souza S (2012) Net energy balance and carbon footprint of biofuel from corn and sugarcane. In: Pimentel D (ed) Global economic and environmental aspects of biofuels. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 221–248CrossRef
[70]
go back to reference Hunsigi G (1993) Production of sugarcane: theory and practice. Advanced series in agricultural science, 21. Springer, BerlinCrossRef Hunsigi G (1993) Production of sugarcane: theory and practice. Advanced series in agricultural science, 21. Springer, BerlinCrossRef
[71]
go back to reference Weijde T, Alvim Kamei CL, Torres AF, Vermerris W, Dolstra O, Visser RG, Trindade LM (2013) The potential of C4 grasses for cellulosic biofuel production. Front Plant Sci 4 (Article 107):1–18 Weijde T, Alvim Kamei CL, Torres AF, Vermerris W, Dolstra O, Visser RG, Trindade LM (2013) The potential of C4 grasses for cellulosic biofuel production. Front Plant Sci 4 (Article 107):1–18
[72]
go back to reference Kim S, Dale BE (2004) Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass Bioenergy 26(4):361–375CrossRef Kim S, Dale BE (2004) Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass Bioenergy 26(4):361–375CrossRef
[74]
go back to reference Reinhold G (2001) Betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung derBereitstellung von Stroh und Energiegetreide. In: FNR (ed) Energetische Nutzung von Stroh, Ganzpflanzengetreide und weiterer halmgutartiger Biomasse. Gülzower Fachgespräche vol. 17, FNR, Gülzow, Gülzow. pp 50–61 Reinhold G (2001) Betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung derBereitstellung von Stroh und Energiegetreide. In: FNR (ed) Energetische Nutzung von Stroh, Ganzpflanzengetreide und weiterer halmgutartiger Biomasse. Gülzower Fachgespräche vol. 17, FNR, Gülzow, Gülzow. pp 50–61
[75]
go back to reference Vetter A (2001) Qualitätsanforderungen an halmgutartige Bioenergieträger hinsichtlich der energetischen Verwertung. In: FNR (ed) Energetische Nutzung von Stroh, Ganzpflanzengetreide und weiterer halmgutartiger Biomasse. Gülzower Fachgespräche vol. 17, FNR, Gülzow. vol. 17. Gülzow, pp 36–49 Vetter A (2001) Qualitätsanforderungen an halmgutartige Bioenergieträger hinsichtlich der energetischen Verwertung. In: FNR (ed) Energetische Nutzung von Stroh, Ganzpflanzengetreide und weiterer halmgutartiger Biomasse. Gülzower Fachgespräche vol. 17, FNR, Gülzow. vol. 17. Gülzow, pp 36–49
[76]
go back to reference Leible L Kälber S, Kappler G (2011) Systemanalyse zur gaserzeugung aus Biomasse. Untersuchung ausgewählter Aspekte: KIT Scientific Reports, 7580. KIT Scientific, Karlsruhe Leible L Kälber S, Kappler G (2011) Systemanalyse zur gaserzeugung aus Biomasse. Untersuchung ausgewählter Aspekte: KIT Scientific Reports, 7580. KIT Scientific, Karlsruhe
[77]
go back to reference Lange S (2008) Untersuchung ausgewählter Aspekte: Biomasseaufkommen und -bereitstellung Biomasseeinspeisung in einen DruckvergaserSystemanalytische Untersuchung zur Schnellpyrolyse als Prozessschritt bei der Produktion von Synthesekraftstoffen aus Stroh und Waldrestholz. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe. Fakultät für Chemieingenieurswesen und Verfahrenstechnik Lange S (2008) Untersuchung ausgewählter Aspekte: Biomasseaufkommen und -bereitstellung Biomasseeinspeisung in einen DruckvergaserSystemanalytische Untersuchung zur Schnellpyrolyse als Prozessschritt bei der Produktion von Synthesekraftstoffen aus Stroh und Waldrestholz. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe. Fakultät für Chemieingenieurswesen und Verfahrenstechnik
[78]
go back to reference Oechsner H (2009) Thermische Verwertung halmgutartiger Biomasse. In: Fachtagung Bioenergie “EEG und Gülleverwertung – Thermische Verwertung von Energiepflanzen Herbertingen-Marbach Oechsner H (2009) Thermische Verwertung halmgutartiger Biomasse. In: Fachtagung Bioenergie “EEG und Gülleverwertung – Thermische Verwertung von Energiepflanzen Herbertingen-Marbach
[79]
go back to reference Santiaguel AF (2013) A second life for rice husk. Rice Today (April–June), pp 12–13 Santiaguel AF (2013) A second life for rice husk. Rice Today (April–June), pp 12–13
[80]
go back to reference Thompson J. L, Tyner W. E (2014) Corn stover for bioenergy production: cost estimates and farmer supply response. Biomass and Bioenergy 62:166–173CrossRef Thompson J. L, Tyner W. E (2014) Corn stover for bioenergy production: cost estimates and farmer supply response. Biomass and Bioenergy 62:166–173CrossRef
[84]
go back to reference Kolbe H (2013) Standortangepasste Humusversorgung im Maisanbau. Mais 40(2):56–62 Kolbe H (2013) Standortangepasste Humusversorgung im Maisanbau. Mais 40(2):56–62
[85]
go back to reference Kadam KL, McMillan JD (2003) Availability of corn stover as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. Bioresource Technol 88(1):17–25CrossRef Kadam KL, McMillan JD (2003) Availability of corn stover as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. Bioresource Technol 88(1):17–25CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Lignocellulosic Biomass
Author
Anne Rödl
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53065-8_9