Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Magnesium Alloys

Authors : T. Ram Prabhu, Srikanth Vedantam, Vijaya Singh

Published in: Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of magnesium alloys with the emphasis on aerospace applications. The strengthening mechanisms, physical metallurgy principles, effects of alloying elements, conventional processing techniques, recent advancements in alloy development and processing are briefly discussed in the following sections. The mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour of aerospace castings and wrought alloys are presented and commented upon in detail. Recent trends in corrosion protection techniques and applications in national and international aerospace projects are presented at the end.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Edgar RL (2000) Magnesium alloys and their application. Kainer, K.U., Pub., France, p 3 Edgar RL (2000) Magnesium alloys and their application. Kainer, K.U., Pub., France, p 3
2.
go back to reference Avedesian MM, Baker H (eds) (1999) Magnesium and magnesium alloys. ASM International (The Materials Information Society), Materials Park, OH, USA Avedesian MM, Baker H (eds) (1999) Magnesium and magnesium alloys. ASM International (The Materials Information Society), Materials Park, OH, USA
3.
go back to reference Buch FV, Lietzau J, Mordike BL, Pisch A, Schmid-Fetzer R (1999) Development of Mg–Sc–Mn alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 263:1CrossRef Buch FV, Lietzau J, Mordike BL, Pisch A, Schmid-Fetzer R (1999) Development of Mg–Sc–Mn alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 263:1CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Bach FW, Schaper M, Jaschik C (2003) Influence of lithium on hcp magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:1037–1042CrossRef Bach FW, Schaper M, Jaschik C (2003) Influence of lithium on hcp magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:1037–1042CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Bronfin B, Aghion E, Buch FV, Schumann S, Katzir M (2006) US Patent, No. 7041179 Bronfin B, Aghion E, Buch FV, Schumann S, Katzir M (2006) US Patent, No. 7041179
6.
go back to reference Hollrigl-Rosta F, Just E (1980) Magnesium in the volkswagen. In: Light metals age, vol 8, pp 22–29 Hollrigl-Rosta F, Just E (1980) Magnesium in the volkswagen. In: Light metals age, vol 8, pp 22–29
7.
go back to reference Busk RS (1987) Magnesium products design. Marcel Dekker Busk RS (1987) Magnesium products design. Marcel Dekker
8.
go back to reference Meredith PC (1969) QE22A-T6: a versatile magnesium alloy for high performance aerospace applications. Magnesium Elektron Ltd Meredith PC (1969) QE22A-T6: a versatile magnesium alloy for high performance aerospace applications. Magnesium Elektron Ltd
9.
go back to reference Magnesium Casting Alloys, Datasheet: 440, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK Magnesium Casting Alloys, Datasheet: 440, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK
10.
go back to reference Elektron Wrought Alloys, Datasheet: 441, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK Elektron Wrought Alloys, Datasheet: 441, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK
11.
go back to reference Elektron Magnesium Alloys, Magnesium Elektron Ltd, 1983 Elektron Magnesium Alloys, Magnesium Elektron Ltd, 1983
12.
go back to reference Elektron EQ21A: Another casting alloy developed by magnesium electron Ltd. Bulletin 464, Magnesium Elektron Ltd., 1984 Elektron EQ21A: Another casting alloy developed by magnesium electron Ltd. Bulletin 464, Magnesium Elektron Ltd., 1984
13.
go back to reference WE54, A new magnesium casting alloy for use up to 300 °C. Bulletin 466, Magnesium Elektron Ltd., 1985 WE54, A new magnesium casting alloy for use up to 300 °C. Bulletin 466, Magnesium Elektron Ltd., 1985
14.
go back to reference Magnesium Elektron Ltd., Manchester, U.K., 1993 Magnesium Elektron Ltd., Manchester, U.K., 1993
15.
go back to reference Yang Z, Li JP, Zhang JX, Lorimer GW, Robson J (2008) Review on research and development of magnesium alloys. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 21(5):313–328 Yang Z, Li JP, Zhang JX, Lorimer GW, Robson J (2008) Review on research and development of magnesium alloys. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 21(5):313–328
16.
go back to reference Suman C (1991) Society of automotive engineers. SAE technical paper No. 910416. Warrendale, PA Suman C (1991) Society of automotive engineers. SAE technical paper No. 910416. Warrendale, PA
17.
go back to reference Luo AA (2004) Magnesium technology 2004. TMS, Warrendale, PA, p 329 Luo AA (2004) Magnesium technology 2004. TMS, Warrendale, PA, p 329
18.
go back to reference Lyon P, King JF, Nuttall (1996) In: Magnesium conference, proceedings 3rd International. Lorimer, G.W., Pub., London, p 99 Lyon P, King JF, Nuttall (1996) In: Magnesium conference, proceedings 3rd International. Lorimer, G.W., Pub., London, p 99
19.
go back to reference Lyon P (2004) New magnesium alloy for aerospace and speciality applications. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, pp 311–315 Lyon P (2004) New magnesium alloy for aerospace and speciality applications. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, pp 311–315
20.
go back to reference Bronfin B, Aghion E (2001) Magnesium technology 2001. Hryn, J.N. Pub., Warrendale, p 127 Bronfin B, Aghion E (2001) Magnesium technology 2001. Hryn, J.N. Pub., Warrendale, p 127
21.
go back to reference Rokhlin LL (2003) Magnesium alloys containing rare earth metals-structure and properties. Taylor & Francis Pub., Moscow, p 197 Rokhlin LL (2003) Magnesium alloys containing rare earth metals-structure and properties. Taylor & Francis Pub., Moscow, p 197
22.
go back to reference Yang Z, Li JP, Guo YC, He F, Xia F, Liang MX (2008) Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of Mg–5Gd–4Y–0.5Zn–0.5Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 485(1–2):487–491CrossRef Yang Z, Li JP, Guo YC, He F, Xia F, Liang MX (2008) Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of Mg–5Gd–4Y–0.5Zn–0.5Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 485(1–2):487–491CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Apps PJ, Karimzadeh H, King JF, Lorimer GW (2003) Phase compositions in magnesium-rare earth alloys containing yttrium, gadolinium or dysprosium. Scr Mater 48(5):475–481CrossRef Apps PJ, Karimzadeh H, King JF, Lorimer GW (2003) Phase compositions in magnesium-rare earth alloys containing yttrium, gadolinium or dysprosium. Scr Mater 48(5):475–481CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Nie JF, Muddle BC (2000) Characterisation of strengthening precipitate phases in a Mg–Y–Nd alloy. Acta Mater 48:1691CrossRef Nie JF, Muddle BC (2000) Characterisation of strengthening precipitate phases in a Mg–Y–Nd alloy. Acta Mater 48:1691CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Kainer KU (ed) (1999) Magnesium—alloys and technologies. Wiley-VCH GmBH & Co, KGaA, Weinheim Kainer KU (ed) (1999) Magnesium—alloys and technologies. Wiley-VCH GmBH & Co, KGaA, Weinheim
26.
go back to reference Doege E, Droder K (1997) Processing of Mg sheet metals by deep drawing and stretch forming. Materiaux Tech 7–8:19–23 Doege E, Droder K (1997) Processing of Mg sheet metals by deep drawing and stretch forming. Materiaux Tech 7–8:19–23
27.
go back to reference Kittilsen B, Pinfield P (1992) Magnesium extrusion—recent developments. In: DGM-Tagung, proceedings, pp 85–92 Kittilsen B, Pinfield P (1992) Magnesium extrusion—recent developments. In: DGM-Tagung, proceedings, pp 85–92
28.
go back to reference Białobrzeski A, Saja K, Hubner K (2007) Ultralight magnesium-lithium alloys. Arch Foundry Eng 7:11–16 Białobrzeski A, Saja K, Hubner K (2007) Ultralight magnesium-lithium alloys. Arch Foundry Eng 7:11–16
29.
go back to reference Slooff FA, Zhou J, Duszczyk J, Katgerman L (2007) Constitutive analysis of wrought magnesium alloy Mg–Al4–Zn1. Scr Mater 57(8):759–762CrossRef Slooff FA, Zhou J, Duszczyk J, Katgerman L (2007) Constitutive analysis of wrought magnesium alloy Mg–Al4–Zn1. Scr Mater 57(8):759–762CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Wu L, Jain A, Brown DW, Stoica GM, Agnew SR, Clausen B, Fielden DE, Liaw PK (2008) Twinning–detwinning behavior during the strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue testing of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A. Acta Mater 56(4):688–695CrossRef Wu L, Jain A, Brown DW, Stoica GM, Agnew SR, Clausen B, Fielden DE, Liaw PK (2008) Twinning–detwinning behavior during the strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue testing of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A. Acta Mater 56(4):688–695CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Riemelmoser FO, Kuhlein M, Kilian H, Kettner M, Hanzi AC, Uggowitzer PJ (2007) Micro-alloyed wrought magnesium for room-temperature forming. Adv Eng Mater 9(9):799–802CrossRef Riemelmoser FO, Kuhlein M, Kilian H, Kettner M, Hanzi AC, Uggowitzer PJ (2007) Micro-alloyed wrought magnesium for room-temperature forming. Adv Eng Mater 9(9):799–802CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Kobayashi T, Koike J (2003) Anomalous activity of nonbasal dislocations in AZ31 Mg alloy at room temperature. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:231–236CrossRef Kobayashi T, Koike J (2003) Anomalous activity of nonbasal dislocations in AZ31 Mg alloy at room temperature. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:231–236CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Huang ZW, Yoshida Y (2003) Microstructures and tensile properties of wrought magnesium alloys processed by ECAE. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:243CrossRef Huang ZW, Yoshida Y (2003) Microstructures and tensile properties of wrought magnesium alloys processed by ECAE. Mater Sci Forum 419–422:243CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Matsubara K, Miyahara Y, Makii K, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2003) Using extrusion and ECAP processing to achieve low temperature and high strain rate superplasticity. Mater Sci Forum 419:497CrossRef Matsubara K, Miyahara Y, Makii K, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2003) Using extrusion and ECAP processing to achieve low temperature and high strain rate superplasticity. Mater Sci Forum 419:497CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Munroe RA (1966) Magnesium-Lithium allot lightens electronic packaging. Met. Prog. 90(1):89 Munroe RA (1966) Magnesium-Lithium allot lightens electronic packaging. Met. Prog. 90(1):89
36.
go back to reference Kawamura Y, Hayashi K, Masumoto T, Inoue A (2001) Rapidly solidified powder metallurgy Mg(97)Zn(1)Y(2) alloys with excellent tensile yield strength above 600 MPa. Mater Trans 42(7):1172–1176CrossRef Kawamura Y, Hayashi K, Masumoto T, Inoue A (2001) Rapidly solidified powder metallurgy Mg(97)Zn(1)Y(2) alloys with excellent tensile yield strength above 600 MPa. Mater Trans 42(7):1172–1176CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Inoue A, Kawamura Y, Matsushita M (2001) Novel hexagonal structure and ultrahigh strength of magnesium solid solution in the mg–zn–y system. J Mater Res 16:1894–1900CrossRef Inoue A, Kawamura Y, Matsushita M (2001) Novel hexagonal structure and ultrahigh strength of magnesium solid solution in the mg–zn–y system. J Mater Res 16:1894–1900CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Gjestland H, Nussbaum G, Regazzoni G, Lohne O, Bauger O (1991) Stress-relaxation and creep behaviour of some rapidly solidified Mg alloys. Mat Sci Eng A 134:1197–1200CrossRef Gjestland H, Nussbaum G, Regazzoni G, Lohne O, Bauger O (1991) Stress-relaxation and creep behaviour of some rapidly solidified Mg alloys. Mat Sci Eng A 134:1197–1200CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Stechens RI, Ogrevic VV (1990) Fatigue of magnesium alloys. Annu Rev Mater Res 20:141–177CrossRef Stechens RI, Ogrevic VV (1990) Fatigue of magnesium alloys. Annu Rev Mater Res 20:141–177CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Bamberger M, Dehm G (2008) Trends in the development of new Mg alloys. Annu Rev Mater Sci 38:505–533CrossRef Bamberger M, Dehm G (2008) Trends in the development of new Mg alloys. Annu Rev Mater Sci 38:505–533CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Miller WK (1991) Creep of die cast AZ91 Mg at room temperature and low stress. Met Trans A 22A:873–877CrossRef Miller WK (1991) Creep of die cast AZ91 Mg at room temperature and low stress. Met Trans A 22A:873–877CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Guo KW (2010) A review of magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion and its protection. Recent Pat Corros Sci 2:13–21CrossRef Guo KW (2010) A review of magnesium/magnesium alloys corrosion and its protection. Recent Pat Corros Sci 2:13–21CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Rzychoń T, Michalska J, Kiełbus A (2007) Corrosion resistance of Mg–RE–Zr Alloys. J Achievements Mater Manuf Eng 21(1):51–54 Rzychoń T, Michalska J, Kiełbus A (2007) Corrosion resistance of Mg–RE–Zr Alloys. J Achievements Mater Manuf Eng 21(1):51–54
44.
go back to reference Surface treatments for magnesium alloys in aerospace and defence, Datasheet: 256, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK Surface treatments for magnesium alloys in aerospace and defence, Datasheet: 256, Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK
45.
go back to reference Kannan MB, Dietzel W, Blawert C, Atrens A, Lyon P (2008) Stress corrosion cracking of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys ZE41, QE22 and Elektron 21 (EV31A) Compared with AZ80. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 480:529–539CrossRef Kannan MB, Dietzel W, Blawert C, Atrens A, Lyon P (2008) Stress corrosion cracking of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys ZE41, QE22 and Elektron 21 (EV31A) Compared with AZ80. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 480:529–539CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Winzer N, Atrens A, Dietzel W, Raja VS, Song GL, Kainer KU (2008) Characterisation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Mg-Al Alloys. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 488:339–351CrossRef Winzer N, Atrens A, Dietzel W, Raja VS, Song GL, Kainer KU (2008) Characterisation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Mg-Al Alloys. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 488:339–351CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Makar GL, Kruger J, Sieradzki K (1993) Stress corrosion cracking of rapidly solidified magnesium aluminum alloys. Corr Sci 34:1311–1323, 1325–1342 Makar GL, Kruger J, Sieradzki K (1993) Stress corrosion cracking of rapidly solidified magnesium aluminum alloys. Corr Sci 34:1311–1323, 1325–1342
48.
go back to reference Bhuiyan MS, Mutoh Y, Murai T, Iwakami S (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ61 under three different corrosive environments. Int J Fatigue 30:1756–1765CrossRef Bhuiyan MS, Mutoh Y, Murai T, Iwakami S (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ61 under three different corrosive environments. Int J Fatigue 30:1756–1765CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Nan ZY, Ishihara S, Goshima T (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 in sodium chloride solution. Int J Fatigue 30:1181–1188CrossRef Nan ZY, Ishihara S, Goshima T (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 in sodium chloride solution. Int J Fatigue 30:1181–1188CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Eliezer A, Gutman EM, Abramov E, Unigovski Y (2001) Corrosion fatigue of die-cast and extruded magnesium alloys. J Light Metals 1:179–186CrossRef Eliezer A, Gutman EM, Abramov E, Unigovski Y (2001) Corrosion fatigue of die-cast and extruded magnesium alloys. J Light Metals 1:179–186CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Eliezer A, Medlinsky O, Haddad J, Hamu GB (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys under oil environments. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 477:129–136CrossRef Eliezer A, Medlinsky O, Haddad J, Hamu GB (2008) Corrosion fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys under oil environments. Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater 477:129–136CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Chong KZ, Shih TS (2003) Conversion-coating treatment for magnesium alloys by a permanganate-phosphate solution. Mater Chem Phys 80:191–200CrossRef Chong KZ, Shih TS (2003) Conversion-coating treatment for magnesium alloys by a permanganate-phosphate solution. Mater Chem Phys 80:191–200CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Ardelean H, Frateur I, Zanna S, Atrens A, Marcus P (2009) Corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy by anodizing in niobium and zirconium-containing electrolytes. Corr Sci 51:3030–3038CrossRef Ardelean H, Frateur I, Zanna S, Atrens A, Marcus P (2009) Corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy by anodizing in niobium and zirconium-containing electrolytes. Corr Sci 51:3030–3038CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Shi ZM, Song GL, Atrens A (2006) Corrosion resistance of anodised single-phase Mg Alloys. Surf Coat Technol 201:492–503CrossRef Shi ZM, Song GL, Atrens A (2006) Corrosion resistance of anodised single-phase Mg Alloys. Surf Coat Technol 201:492–503CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Grundmeier G, Schmidt W, Stratmann M (2000) Corrosion protection by organic coatings: electrochemical mechanism and novel methods of investigation. Electrochem Acta 45:2515–2533CrossRef Grundmeier G, Schmidt W, Stratmann M (2000) Corrosion protection by organic coatings: electrochemical mechanism and novel methods of investigation. Electrochem Acta 45:2515–2533CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Fedrizzi L, Andreatta F, Paussa L, Deflorian F, Maschio S (2008) Heat exchangers corrosion protection by using organic coatings. Prog Org Coat 63:299–306CrossRef Fedrizzi L, Andreatta F, Paussa L, Deflorian F, Maschio S (2008) Heat exchangers corrosion protection by using organic coatings. Prog Org Coat 63:299–306CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Liu ZM, Gao W (2006) The effect of substrate on the electroless nickel plating of Mg and Mg Alloys. Surf Coat Technol 200:3553–3560CrossRef Liu ZM, Gao W (2006) The effect of substrate on the electroless nickel plating of Mg and Mg Alloys. Surf Coat Technol 200:3553–3560CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Hollstein F, Wiedemann R, Scholz J (2003) Characteristics of PVD coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloys. Surf Coat Technol 162:261–268CrossRef Hollstein F, Wiedemann R, Scholz J (2003) Characteristics of PVD coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloys. Surf Coat Technol 162:261–268CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Wan GJ, Maitz MF, Sun H, Li PP, Huang N (2007) Corrosion properties of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treated magnesium. Surf Coat Technol 201:8267–8272CrossRef Wan GJ, Maitz MF, Sun H, Li PP, Huang N (2007) Corrosion properties of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treated magnesium. Surf Coat Technol 201:8267–8272CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Choi J, Nakao S, Kim J, Ikeyama M, Kato T (2007) Corrosion protection of DLC coatings on magnesium alloy. Diam Relat Mater 16:1361–1364CrossRef Choi J, Nakao S, Kim J, Ikeyama M, Kato T (2007) Corrosion protection of DLC coatings on magnesium alloy. Diam Relat Mater 16:1361–1364CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Ostrovsky I, Henn Y (2007) Present state and future of magnesium application in aerospace industry. In: International conference on new challenges in aeronautics. Moscow, 19–22 Aug 2007 Ostrovsky I, Henn Y (2007) Present state and future of magnesium application in aerospace industry. In: International conference on new challenges in aeronautics. Moscow, 19–22 Aug 2007
62.
go back to reference Sadkov V, Laponov Y, Ageev V, Korovina N, Perspectives and conditions for Mg alloys application in “Tupolev” airplanes. In: Materials of the second international conference and exhibition, magnesium—broad horizons, conference CD: copies available from the chapter authors Sadkov V, Laponov Y, Ageev V, Korovina N, Perspectives and conditions for Mg alloys application in “Tupolev” airplanes. In: Materials of the second international conference and exhibition, magnesium—broad horizons, conference CD: copies available from the chapter authors
Metadata
Title
Magnesium Alloys
Authors
T. Ram Prabhu
Srikanth Vedantam
Vijaya Singh
Copyright Year
2017
Publisher
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_1

Premium Partner