Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Markov Representation of Vehicular Communications

Authors : Syed Faraz Hasan, Nazmul Siddique, Shyam Chakraborty

Published in: Intelligent Transportation Systems

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Mathematical models are used in various fields of science and engineering to represent a system in terms of mathematical equations. A system expressed in terms of mathematics allows detailed analytical evaluation of the same. In the context of this book, the main interest is in representing vehicular communications using mathematical models so that some means of analyzing disruption are developed. It has been discussed in Sects. 1.​3 and 2.​1 that disruption has been a major problem with WLAN-based vehicular communications due to the unplanned placement of 802.11 APs. While some efforts have been made that focus on tolerating disruption, this chapter (and the next one) models R2V communication setup and introduces a mathematical interpretation of disruption. The main motivation behind mathematically modelling disruption is that its quantitative analysis is imperative to assess the extent of tolerance required in a particular area.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
For the rest of the discussion, usable state is represented as state-1, connected as state-2, and disconnected as state-3. These notations are also used interchangeably.
 
Literature
go back to reference Balasubramanian, A., Mahajan, R., Venkataramani, A., Levine, B. N., & Zahorjan, J. (2008, August 17–22). Interactive WiFi connectivity for moving vehicles. In ACM SIGCOMM, Seattle, USA, pp. 427–438. Balasubramanian, A., Mahajan, R., Venkataramani, A., Levine, B. N., & Zahorjan, J. (2008, August 17–22). Interactive WiFi connectivity for moving vehicles. In ACM SIGCOMM, Seattle, USA, pp. 427–438.
go back to reference Bernstein, R. (1999). Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of elements of statistics II: Inferential statistics. New York: McGraw Hill. Bernstein, R. (1999). Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of elements of statistics II: Inferential statistics. New York: McGraw Hill.
go back to reference Brady, P. T. (1969). A model for generating on-off speech patterns in two-way conversation. Bell Systems Technology Journal, 48, 2445–2472.CrossRef Brady, P. T. (1969). A model for generating on-off speech patterns in two-way conversation. Bell Systems Technology Journal, 48, 2445–2472.CrossRef
go back to reference Ching, W. K., & Ng, M. K. (2006). Markov chains: Model, algorithms and applications. Boston: Birkhauser.MATH Ching, W. K., & Ng, M. K. (2006). Markov chains: Model, algorithms and applications. Boston: Birkhauser.MATH
go back to reference Eriksson, J., Balakrishnan, H., & Madden, S. (2008, September 14–19). Cabernet: Vehicular content delivery using WiFi. In 14th ACM MobiCom, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 199–210. Eriksson, J., Balakrishnan, H., & Madden, S. (2008, September 14–19). Cabernet: Vehicular content delivery using WiFi. In 14th ACM MobiCom, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 199–210.
go back to reference Goodman, D. J., & Wei, S. X. (1989, May 1–3). Factors affecting the bandwidth efficiency of packet reservation multiple access. In IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, San Francisco, USA, pp. 292–299. Goodman, D. J., & Wei, S. X. (1989, May 1–3). Factors affecting the bandwidth efficiency of packet reservation multiple access. In IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, San Francisco, USA, pp. 292–299.
go back to reference Grinstead, C. M., & Snell, J. L. (2007). Introduction to probability. Providence: AMS Bookstore.MATH Grinstead, C. M., & Snell, J. L. (2007). Introduction to probability. Providence: AMS Bookstore.MATH
go back to reference Hasan, S. F., Siddique, N. H., & Chakraborty, S. (2010a). HMM-based modelling of roadside-to-vehicle WLAN communications. In 2nd International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles, pp. 427–431. Hasan, S. F., Siddique, N. H., & Chakraborty, S. (2010a). HMM-based modelling of roadside-to-vehicle WLAN communications. In 2nd International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles, pp. 427–431.
go back to reference Hasan, S. F., Siddique, N. H., & Chakraborty, S. (2011c). Extended MULE concept for traffic congestion monitoring. Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, 63(1), 65–82. Springer. Hasan, S. F., Siddique, N. H., & Chakraborty, S. (2011c). Extended MULE concept for traffic congestion monitoring. Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, 63(1), 65–82. Springer.
go back to reference Haykins, S. S. (2009). Neural networks and learning machines. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Haykins, S. S. (2009). Neural networks and learning machines. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Jurafsky, D., & Martin, J. H. (2009). Speech and Language Processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics and speech recognition. Prentice Hall series in Artificial Intelligence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Jurafsky, D., & Martin, J. H. (2009). Speech and Language Processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics and speech recognition. Prentice Hall series in Artificial Intelligence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
go back to reference Kvam, P. H., & Vidakovic, B. (2007). Nonparamteric statistics with applications to science and engineering. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. Hoboken: Wiley Interscience.CrossRef Kvam, P. H., & Vidakovic, B. (2007). Nonparamteric statistics with applications to science and engineering. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. Hoboken: Wiley Interscience.CrossRef
go back to reference Mishra, A., Shin, M., & Arbaugh, W. (2003). An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 33, 93–102.CrossRef Mishra, A., Shin, M., & Arbaugh, W. (2003). An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 33, 93–102.CrossRef
go back to reference Panik, M. J. (2005). Advanced statistics from an elementary point of view. Amsterdam: Academic.MATH Panik, M. J. (2005). Advanced statistics from an elementary point of view. Amsterdam: Academic.MATH
go back to reference Ross, S. M. (2002). Probability models for computer science. San Diego: Academic. Ross, S. M. (2002). Probability models for computer science. San Diego: Academic.
go back to reference Stern, H. P., Mahmoud, S. A., & Wong, K.-K. (1994). A model for generating on-off patterns in conversational speech, including short silence gaps and the effects of interaction between parties. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 43(4), 1094–1100.CrossRef Stern, H. P., Mahmoud, S. A., & Wong, K.-K. (1994). A model for generating on-off patterns in conversational speech, including short silence gaps and the effects of interaction between parties. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 43(4), 1094–1100.CrossRef
go back to reference Stewart, W. J. (2009). Probability, Markov chains, queues, and simulation: The mathematical basis of performance modeling. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.MATH Stewart, W. J. (2009). Probability, Markov chains, queues, and simulation: The mathematical basis of performance modeling. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.MATH
go back to reference Tsankov, B., Pachamanov, R., & Pachamanov, D. (2007). Modified brady voice traffic model for WLAN and WMAN. IEEE Electronics Letters, 43(23), 1295–1297.CrossRef Tsankov, B., Pachamanov, R., & Pachamanov, D. (2007). Modified brady voice traffic model for WLAN and WMAN. IEEE Electronics Letters, 43(23), 1295–1297.CrossRef
go back to reference Vergetis, E., Pierce, E., Blanco, M., & Guerin, R. (2006, September 24–29). Packet level diversity – From theory to practice: An 802.11-based experimental investigation. In 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Los Angeles, USA, pp. 62–73. Vergetis, E., Pierce, E., Blanco, M., & Guerin, R. (2006, September 24–29). Packet level diversity – From theory to practice: An 802.11-based experimental investigation. In 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Los Angeles, USA, pp. 62–73.
go back to reference Viniotis, Y. (1998). Probability and random processes for electrical engineers (International ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Viniotis, Y. (1998). Probability and random processes for electrical engineers (International ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
go back to reference Yen, L.-H., & Yang, C.-C. (2006). Mobility profiling using Markov chains for tree-based object tracking in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing, pp. 220–225. Yen, L.-H., & Yang, C.-C. (2006). Mobility profiling using Markov chains for tree-based object tracking in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing, pp. 220–225.
Metadata
Title
Markov Representation of Vehicular Communications
Authors
Syed Faraz Hasan
Nazmul Siddique
Shyam Chakraborty
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64057-0_4