Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 4/2023

14-06-2023

MeHLDT: A multielement hash lock data transfer mechanism for on-chain and off-chain

Authors: Bei Yu, Libo Feng, Hongyu Zhu, Fei Qiu, Ji Wan, Shaowen Yao

Published in: Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications | Issue 4/2023

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The trusted interaction of on-chain and off-chain data is an important foundation for large-scale applications of blockchain systems. When the blockchain system processes massive off-chain transaction data, one encounters some problems, such as inconsistent on-chain and off-chain data and low concurrency. How to quickly, efficiently and safely realize off-chain data upload to the chain and ensure the atomicity, consistency and security of on-chain and off-chain data is an urgent problem for blockchains. First, on the basis of constructing the off-chain transmission channel, we propose a multielement hash lock data transfer mechanism (MeHLDT) for on-chain and off-chain such as hash lock, time lock, location lock, and organization lock. Then, we analyse the computational cost and cost of various lock combinations. Finally, we explore the impact of hash-locking combinations on the output performance of blockchain systems through communication overhead. The experimental results show that the multielement hash locking mechanism can ensure the integrity, atomicity and consistency of data and realize the integrity verification of off-chain transaction data or off-chain assets. MeHLDT can meet the data security and processing performance requirements in specific scenarios.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Colomo-Palacios R, Sánchez-Gordón M, Arias-Aranda D (2020) A critical review on blockchain assessment initiatives: A technology evolution viewpoint. J Software Evol Process 32(11) Colomo-Palacios R, Sánchez-Gordón M, Arias-Aranda D (2020) A critical review on blockchain assessment initiatives: A technology evolution viewpoint. J Software Evol Process 32(11)
2.
go back to reference Lu Y (2019) The blockchain: State-of-the-art and research challenges. J Ind Inf Integration 15:80–90 Lu Y (2019) The blockchain: State-of-the-art and research challenges. J Ind Inf Integration 15:80–90
3.
go back to reference Sanka AI, Irfan M, Huang I, Cheung RC (2021) A survey of breakthrough in blockchain technology: Adoptions, applications, challenges and future research. Comput Commun 169:179–201CrossRef Sanka AI, Irfan M, Huang I, Cheung RC (2021) A survey of breakthrough in blockchain technology: Adoptions, applications, challenges and future research. Comput Commun 169:179–201CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Xu Z, Liang W, Li KC, Xu J, Jin H (2021) A blockchain-based roadside unit-assisted authentication and key agreement protocol for internet of vehicles. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (JPDC) 149(6):29–39CrossRef Xu Z, Liang W, Li KC, Xu J, Jin H (2021) A blockchain-based roadside unit-assisted authentication and key agreement protocol for internet of vehicles. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (JPDC) 149(6):29–39CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Ren Y, Zhu F, Sharma PK, Wang T, Wang J, Alfarraj O, Tolba A (2020) Data query mechanism based on hash computing power of blockchain in internet of things. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20(1) Ren Y, Zhu F, Sharma PK, Wang T, Wang J, Alfarraj O, Tolba A (2020) Data query mechanism based on hash computing power of blockchain in internet of things. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20(1)
7.
go back to reference Ren Y, Leng Y, Qi J, Sharma PK, Wang J, Almakhadmeh Z, Tolba A (2021) Multiple cloud storage mechanism based on blockchain in smart homes. Future generations computer systems: FGCS (115-):115 Ren Y, Leng Y, Qi J, Sharma PK, Wang J, Almakhadmeh Z, Tolba A (2021) Multiple cloud storage mechanism based on blockchain in smart homes. Future generations computer systems: FGCS (115-):115
8.
go back to reference Wang J, Wei B, Zhang J, Yu X, Sharma PK (2021) An optimized transaction verification method for trustworthy blockchain-enabled iiot. Ad Hoc Networks 119(1)CrossRef Wang J, Wei B, Zhang J, Yu X, Sharma PK (2021) An optimized transaction verification method for trustworthy blockchain-enabled iiot. Ad Hoc Networks 119(1)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zhang J, Zhong S, Wang J, Yu X, Alfarraj O (2021) A storage optimization scheme for blockchain transaction databases. Comput Syst Sci Eng 36(3):521–535CrossRef Zhang J, Zhong S, Wang J, Yu X, Alfarraj O (2021) A storage optimization scheme for blockchain transaction databases. Comput Syst Sci Eng 36(3):521–535CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Wang J, Chen W, Wang L, Sherratt RS, Tolba A (2020) Data secure storage mechanism of sensor networks based on blockchain. Comput Mater Continua 65(3):2365–2384CrossRef Wang J, Chen W, Wang L, Sherratt RS, Tolba A (2020) Data secure storage mechanism of sensor networks based on blockchain. Comput Mater Continua 65(3):2365–2384CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Al-Breiki H, Rehman MHU, Salah K, Svetinovic D (2020) Trustworthy blockchain oracles: review, comparison, and open research challenges. IEEE Access 8:85675–85685CrossRef Al-Breiki H, Rehman MHU, Salah K, Svetinovic D (2020) Trustworthy blockchain oracles: review, comparison, and open research challenges. IEEE Access 8:85675–85685CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lo SK, Xu X, Staples M, Yao L (2020) Reliability analysis for blockchain oracles. Comput Electr Eng 83CrossRef Lo SK, Xu X, Staples M, Yao L (2020) Reliability analysis for blockchain oracles. Comput Electr Eng 83CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Sheldon MD (2021) Auditing the blockchain oracle problem. J Inf Syst 35(1):121–133 Sheldon MD (2021) Auditing the blockchain oracle problem. J Inf Syst 35(1):121–133
14.
go back to reference Wang F, Chen Y, Wang R, Francis AO, Emmanuel B, Zheng W, Chen J (2019) An experimental investigation into the hash functions used in blockchains. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 67(4):1404–1424CrossRef Wang F, Chen Y, Wang R, Francis AO, Emmanuel B, Zheng W, Chen J (2019) An experimental investigation into the hash functions used in blockchains. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 67(4):1404–1424CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Zhu Y (2016) Security architecture and key technologies of blockchain. J Inform Sec Res 2(12):1090 Zhu Y (2016) Security architecture and key technologies of blockchain. J Inform Sec Res 2(12):1090
16.
go back to reference Yamashita K, Nomura Y, Zhou E, Pi B, Jun S (2019) Potential risks of hyperledger fabric smart contracts. In: 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE), IEEE, pp 1–10 Yamashita K, Nomura Y, Zhou E, Pi B, Jun S (2019) Potential risks of hyperledger fabric smart contracts. In: 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE), IEEE, pp 1–10
17.
go back to reference VanMölken R (2018) Blockchain across Oracle: Understand the details and implications of the Blockchain for Oracle developers and customers. Packt Publishing Ltd VanMölken R (2018) Blockchain across Oracle: Understand the details and implications of the Blockchain for Oracle developers and customers. Packt Publishing Ltd
18.
go back to reference AlBreiki H, AlQassem L, Salah K, Rehman MHU, Sevtinovic D (2019) Decentralized access control for iot data using blockchain and trusted oracles. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Internet (ICII), IEEE, pp 248–257 AlBreiki H, AlQassem L, Salah K, Rehman MHU, Sevtinovic D (2019) Decentralized access control for iot data using blockchain and trusted oracles. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Internet (ICII), IEEE, pp 248–257
19.
go back to reference Moudoud H, Cherkaoui S, Khoukhi L (2019) An iot blockchain architecture using oracles and smart contracts: the use-case of a food supply chain. 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal. Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), IEEE, pp 1–6 Moudoud H, Cherkaoui S, Khoukhi L (2019) An iot blockchain architecture using oracles and smart contracts: the use-case of a food supply chain. 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal. Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), IEEE, pp 1–6
20.
go back to reference Xu X, Pautasso C, Zhu L, Gramoli V, Ponomarev A, Tran AB, Chen S (2016) The blockchain as a software connector. In: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA), IEEE, pp 182–191 Xu X, Pautasso C, Zhu L, Gramoli V, Ponomarev A, Tran AB, Chen S (2016) The blockchain as a software connector. In: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA), IEEE, pp 182–191
21.
go back to reference Szalachowski P (2019) Padva: A blockchain-based tls notary service. In: 2019 IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), IEEE, pp 836–843 Szalachowski P (2019) Padva: A blockchain-based tls notary service. In: 2019 IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), IEEE, pp 836–843
22.
go back to reference Guo H, Li W, Meamari E, Shen CC, Nejad M (2020) Attribute-based multi-signature and encryption for ehr management: A blockchain-based solution. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), IEEE, pp 1–5 Guo H, Li W, Meamari E, Shen CC, Nejad M (2020) Attribute-based multi-signature and encryption for ehr management: A blockchain-based solution. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), IEEE, pp 1–5
23.
go back to reference Zhang F, Cecchetti E, Croman K, Juels A, Shi E (2016) Town crier: An authenticated data feed for smart contracts. In: Proceedings of the 2016 aCM sIGSAC conference on computer and communications security, pp 270–282 Zhang F, Cecchetti E, Croman K, Juels A, Shi E (2016) Town crier: An authenticated data feed for smart contracts. In: Proceedings of the 2016 aCM sIGSAC conference on computer and communications security, pp 270–282
24.
go back to reference Ellis S, Juels A, Nazarov S (2017) Chainlink: A decentralized oracle network. Retrieved March 11:2018 Ellis S, Juels A, Nazarov S (2017) Chainlink: A decentralized oracle network. Retrieved March 11:2018
25.
go back to reference Shoup V (2000) Practical threshold signatures. In: International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer, pp 207–220 Shoup V (2000) Practical threshold signatures. In: International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer, pp 207–220
26.
go back to reference Gorbunov S, Wee H (2019) Digital signatures for consensus. Cryptology ePrint Archive Gorbunov S, Wee H (2019) Digital signatures for consensus. Cryptology ePrint Archive
27.
go back to reference Putz B, Pernul G (2022) Trust Factors and Insider Threats in Permissioned Distributed Ledgers. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 25–50 Putz B, Pernul G (2022) Trust Factors and Insider Threats in Permissioned Distributed Ledgers. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 25–50
28.
go back to reference Hu YC, Lee TT, Chatzopoulos D, Hui P (2020) Analyzing smart contract interactions and contract level state consensus. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 32(12)CrossRef Hu YC, Lee TT, Chatzopoulos D, Hui P (2020) Analyzing smart contract interactions and contract level state consensus. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 32(12)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Poon J, Dryja T (2016) The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments Poon J, Dryja T (2016) The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments
30.
go back to reference Dai B, Jiang S, Zhu M, Lu M, Li D, Li C (2020) Research and implementation of cross-chain transaction model based on improved hash-locking. In: International Conference on Blockchain and Trustworthy Systems, Springer, pp 218–230 Dai B, Jiang S, Zhu M, Lu M, Li D, Li C (2020) Research and implementation of cross-chain transaction model based on improved hash-locking. In: International Conference on Blockchain and Trustworthy Systems, Springer, pp 218–230
31.
go back to reference Deng L, Chen H, Zeng J, Zhang LJ (2018) Research on cross-chain technology based on sidechain and hash-locking. In: International conference on edge computing, Springer, pp 144–151 Deng L, Chen H, Zeng J, Zhang LJ (2018) Research on cross-chain technology based on sidechain and hash-locking. In: International conference on edge computing, Springer, pp 144–151
32.
go back to reference Herlihy M (2018) Atomic cross-chain swaps. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 245–254 Herlihy M (2018) Atomic cross-chain swaps. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 245–254
34.
go back to reference Mohanty SK, Tripathy S (2021) n-htlc: Neo hashed time-lock commitment to defend against wormhole attack in payment channel networks. Comput Secur 106CrossRef Mohanty SK, Tripathy S (2021) n-htlc: Neo hashed time-lock commitment to defend against wormhole attack in payment channel networks. Comput Secur 106CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Tsabary I, Yechieli M, Manuskin A, Eyal I (2021) Mad-htlc: because htlc is crazy-cheap to attack. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 1230–1248 Tsabary I, Yechieli M, Manuskin A, Eyal I (2021) Mad-htlc: because htlc is crazy-cheap to attack. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 1230–1248
36.
go back to reference Tairi E, Moreno-Sanchez P, Maffei M (2021) A 2 l: Anonymous atomic locks for scalability in payment channel hubs. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 1834–1851 Tairi E, Moreno-Sanchez P, Maffei M (2021) A 2 l: Anonymous atomic locks for scalability in payment channel hubs. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 1834–1851
37.
go back to reference Xu J, Ackerer D, Dubovitskaya A (2021) A game-theoretic analysis of cross-chain atomic swaps with htlcs. In: 2021 IEEE 41st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), IEEE, pp 584–594 Xu J, Ackerer D, Dubovitskaya A (2021) A game-theoretic analysis of cross-chain atomic swaps with htlcs. In: 2021 IEEE 41st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), IEEE, pp 584–594
38.
go back to reference Chauhan A, Malviya OP, Verma M, Mor TS (2018) Blockchain and scalability. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Quality. Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), IEEE, pp 122–128 Chauhan A, Malviya OP, Verma M, Mor TS (2018) Blockchain and scalability. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Quality. Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), IEEE, pp 122–128
39.
go back to reference Papadis N, Tassiulas L (2020) Blockchain-based payment channel networks: challenges and recent advances. IEEE Access 8:227596–227609CrossRef Papadis N, Tassiulas L (2020) Blockchain-based payment channel networks: challenges and recent advances. IEEE Access 8:227596–227609CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Dziembowski S, Eckey L, Faust S, Malinowski D (2019) Perun: Virtual payment hubs over cryptocurrencies. In: 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 106–123 Dziembowski S, Eckey L, Faust S, Malinowski D (2019) Perun: Virtual payment hubs over cryptocurrencies. In: 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), IEEE, pp 106–123
42.
go back to reference McCorry P, Bakshi S, Bentov I, Meiklejohn S, Miller A (2019) Pisa: Arbitration outsourcing for state channels. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, pp 16–30 McCorry P, Bakshi S, Bentov I, Meiklejohn S, Miller A (2019) Pisa: Arbitration outsourcing for state channels. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, pp 16–30
43.
go back to reference Egger C, Moreno-Sanchez P, Maffei M (2019) Atomic multi-channel updates with constant collateral in bitcoin-compatible payment-channel networks. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp 801–815 Egger C, Moreno-Sanchez P, Maffei M (2019) Atomic multi-channel updates with constant collateral in bitcoin-compatible payment-channel networks. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp 801–815
44.
go back to reference Miller A, Bentov I, Bakshi S, Kumaresan R, McCorry P (2019) Sprites and state channels: Payment networks that go faster than lightning. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer, pp 508–526 Miller A, Bentov I, Bakshi S, Kumaresan R, McCorry P (2019) Sprites and state channels: Payment networks that go faster than lightning. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer, pp 508–526
47.
go back to reference Gärtner FC (1998) Specifications for fault tolerance: A comedy of failures Gärtner FC (1998) Specifications for fault tolerance: A comedy of failures
48.
go back to reference Wang L (2021) The challenge and prospect of scalability of blockchain technology. In: 2021 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, pp 296–301 Wang L (2021) The challenge and prospect of scalability of blockchain technology. In: 2021 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, pp 296–301
49.
go back to reference Androulaki E, Barger A, Bortnikov V, Cachin C, Christidis K, DeCaro A, Enyeart D, Ferris C, Laventman G, Manevich Y, etal. (2018) Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In: Proceedings of the thirteenth EuroSys conference, pp 1–15 Androulaki E, Barger A, Bortnikov V, Cachin C, Christidis K, DeCaro A, Enyeart D, Ferris C, Laventman G, Manevich Y, etal. (2018) Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In: Proceedings of the thirteenth EuroSys conference, pp 1–15
Metadata
Title
MeHLDT: A multielement hash lock data transfer mechanism for on-chain and off-chain
Authors
Bei Yu
Libo Feng
Hongyu Zhu
Fei Qiu
Ji Wan
Shaowen Yao
Publication date
14-06-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1936-6442
Electronic ISSN: 1936-6450
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-023-01491-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2023

Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 4/2023 Go to the issue

Premium Partner