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2018 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Meta-heuristic Algorithms for Optimal Design of Real-Size Structures

Authors: Prof. Dr. Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

The contributions in this book discuss large-scale problems like the optimal design of domes, antennas, transmission line towers, barrel vaults and steel frames with different types of limitations such as strength, buckling, displacement and natural frequencies. The authors use a set of definite algorithms for the optimization of all types of structures. They also add a new enhanced version of VPS and information about configuration processes to all chapters. Domes are of special interest to engineers as they enclose a maximum amount of space with a minimum surface and have proven to be very economical in terms of consumption of constructional materials. Antennas and transmission line towers are the one of the most popular structure since these steel lattice towers are inexpensive, strong, light and wind resistant. Architects and engineers choose barrel vaults as viable and often highly suitable forms for covering not only low-cost industrial buildings, warehouses, large-span hangars, indoor sports stadiums, but also large cultural and leisure centers. Steel buildings are preferred in residential as well as commercial buildings due to their high strength and ductility particularly in regions which are prone to earthquakes.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The action of making the best or most effective use of a situation or resource is called optimization. Optimization problems are studied in different fields and various steps need to be taken to achieve an optimal solution for a problem. These steps are as follows: The parameters of the problem, which can be either continuous or discrete, should be recognized. The objective function(s) and the constraints of the problem have to be identified. At the end, a suitable optimizer should be chosen and employed to solve the problem.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 2. Optimization Algorithms Utilized in This Book
Abstract
The main features and rules of the optimization algorithms utilized in this book are explained in this chapter. These algorithms consist of Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO), Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO), Vibrating Particles System (VPS) and a hybrid algorithm called MDVC-UVPS. All of the algorithms considered here are recently developed and are multi-agent meta-heuristic methods. These algorithms start with a set of randomly selected candidate solutions of the optimization problem and according to a series of simple rules, mainly inspired by the nature, the existing solutions are perturbed iteratively in order to improve their cost function values.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 3. Optimal Design of Usual-Size Skeletal Structures
Abstract
Sizing optimization of truss and frame structures are frequent structural design problems that are subjected to various constraints such as displacements, stress, buckling, and natural frequencies. A great number of papers has been published in literature, where different meta-heuristic search algorithms have been applied to this class of problems. The aim of this chapter is to examine the ability of the CBO, ECBO and VPS which have been utilized in the next chapters for comparison with MDVC-UVPS. The results of well-known state-of-the-art meta-heuristics are also provided and compared here.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 4. Optimal Design of Large-Scale Special Truss Structures
Abstract
A truss is a two or three-dimensional structure composed of linear members connected at nodes to sustain concentrated loads with the members being subjected to tension or compression. Optimum design problems of steel trusses are known as benchmarks in the field of structural optimization due to the presence of many design variables, large search spaces and multiple constraints. In this chapter sizing optimization of large-scale tower trusses is studied. Steel truss members are adopted from a predetermined list of available sections; therefore, a discrete optimization is performed in order to obtain the optimum or a near optimum solution. These types of structures are typically considered as high-rise and large-scale structures composed of several hundred elements. These towers have important applications in telecommunication and broadcasting industries.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 5. Optimal Design of Double-Layer Grids
Abstract
Double-layer grids belong to the category of space structures and consist of two planar networks of members forming the top and bottom layers parallel to each other and interconnected by vertical and inclined web members. Double layer grids are characterized by ball joints with no moment or torsional resistance; therefore, all members can only resist tension or compression. In the last decades, a number of meta-heuristic algorithms have been developed and used for structural optimization problems. Double-layer grids have a great number of structural elements, and therefore optimization techniques can be rewardingly employed to achieve economic and efficient designs of them. Here, five different types of double-layer grids are studied and optimized utilizing the colliding bodies optimization (CBO), enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO), vibrating particles system (VPS), and a hybrid algorithm called MDVC-UVPS. The cross-section areas of the grid elements are considered as discrete design variables and all of them are selected from a list of tube sections available in AISC-LRFD. Strength, stability, and displacement constraints are considered for each example.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 6. Optimal Design of Double-Layer Barrel Vault Space Structures
Abstract
Barrel vaults are given different names depending on the way their surface is formed. The earlier types of barrel vaults were constructed as single-layer structures. Nowadays, with the increase of the spans, double-layer systems are often preferred. While the members of single-layer barrel vaults are mainly under the action of flexural moments, those of double-layer barrel vaults are almost exclusively under the action of axial forces and the elimination of bending moments leads to a full utilization of strength of all the elements. Double layer barrel vaults are generally statically indeterminate. In such systems, due to the rigidity, the risk of instability can almost be eliminated. The use of this type of barrel vaults enhances the stiffness of the vault structure and provides structural systems of great potential, capable of having spans in excess of 100 m. In this chapter, three double-layer barrel roof structures are optimized to investigate the performance of the CBO, ECBO, VPS and MDVC-UVPS meta-heuristic algorithms. The structures are subjected to stress, stability and displacement limitations according to the provisions of AISC-ASD. The design variables are the cross-sectional areas of the bar elements which are selected from a list of steel pipe sections.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 7. Optimal Design of Dome-Shaped Trusses
Abstract
Domes are one of the oldest and well-established structural forms and have been used in architecture since the earliest times. These structures are of special interest to engineers as they enclose large spaces with small surfaces and have proven to be very economical in terms of consumption of constructional materials. The main aim of this chapter is frequency constraint optimization of dome truss structures; however, all the domes are also optimized considering strength, stability, and displacement constraints. Structural optimization considering natural frequency constraints is believed to represent nonlinear and non-convex search spaces with several local optima. In this class of problems, large generalized eigenproblems should be solved in order to find the natural frequencies of the structure. The size of the structure affects the dimensions of the matrices involved and thus the required computational time and effort. On the other hand, as the number of optimization variables increases, more and more structural analyses are needed to be performed in order to reach a near-optimal solution.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 8. Optimal Design of Steel Lattice Transmission Line Towers
Abstract
Lattice towers are used for power lines of all voltages, and are the most common type for high-voltage transmission lines. The design optimization of these structures has always been a difficult task due to a large number of design variables. Some studies have already been performed in the context of optimization of transmission line tower structures. In this chapter, the efficiency of colliding bodies optimization (CBO), enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO), vibrating particles system (VPS), and a hybrid algorithm called MDVC-UVPS are investigated in optimum design of three latticed steel towers. The procedure considers discrete values of cross-sectional areas.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Chapter 9. Optimal Seismic Design of 3D Steel Frames
Abstract
Steel buildings are preferred in residential as well as commercial buildings because of being super-quick to build at site, as a great deal of work can be prefabricated at the factory. Moreover, these structures are flexible, which makes them quite suitable structures for resisting dynamic forces such as earthquake loads. Design of frame structures necessitates the selection of steel sections for its columns and beams from a standard steel section tables such that the frame satisfies the serviceability and strength requirements specified by the code of practice while the economy is taken into account in the overall or material cost of the frame. The contribution of this chapter is concerned with optimization of steel frames under seismic loads based on response spectral. Frame members are selected from available set of steel sections for producing practically acceptable designs according to Load and Resistance Factor Design-American Institute of Steel Construction (LRFD-AISC) specification. Three irregular steel frame problems are considered to evaluate the performance of the CBO, ECBO, VPS and MDVC-UVPS algorithms.
Ali Kaveh, Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Meta-heuristic Algorithms for Optimal Design of Real-Size Structures
Authors
Prof. Dr. Ali Kaveh
Majid Ilchi Ghazaan
Copyright Year
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-78780-0
Print ISBN
978-3-319-78779-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78780-0

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