Top

Published in:

01-11-2018

Metallic hollow waveguide based on GeO₂–NaOH precursor solution for transmission of CO₂ laser radiations

Authors: Zihan Sun, Xiaohong Fu, Guishun Li, Wenqian Zhang, Yi Zhong, Xu Wang, Chengbin Jing, Xuehui Lu, Fangyu Yue, Junhao Chu

Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Issue 11/2018

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

By using the GeO₂–NaOH precursor solution, the hexagonal structural GeO₂ reflective films with high flatness were grown on the inner wall of stainless steel (SUS) capillary tubes by liquid phase deposition method. XRD and SEM were measured to investigate the structure and surface roughness of GeO₂ films prepared with different precursor solution. Subsequently, the transmission losses were measured and calculated which revealed the transmission loss was only one third of previous value in the sample using the glass tube. Considering the processing technology limit of 1 mm-bore hollow waveguide, the output energy distribution of the 1.5 mm-bore sample approximates to Gaussian distribution which may excite the less high-order modes. Furthermore, the full divergence angles, bending loss and output power were further investigated. These results demonstrate that the transmission performance of the GeO₂ SUS tube-based hollow waveguide can meet the requirements for laser surgery and material processing.

previous article Single photon two-level atom interactions in 1-D dielectric waveguide: quantum mechanical formalism and applications

next article Simultaneous measurement of temperature and magnetic field based on surface plasmon resonance and Sagnac interference in a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Ayas, S., Topal, A.E., Cupallari, A., Güner, H., Bakan, G., Dana, A.: Exploiting native Al₂O₃ for multispectral aluminum plasmonics. ACS Photon. 1(12), 1313–1321 (2014)CrossRef

Harrington, J.A.: Infrared Fibers and Their Applications. SPIE Press, Bellingham (2004)CrossRef

Harrington, J.A., Gregory, C.C.: Hollow sapphire fibers for the delivery of CO₂ laser energy. Opt. Lett. 15(10), 541–543 (1990)ADSCrossRef

Hou, Z.Y., Hong, W.X., Hou, L.T., Han, Y., Li, D.Y.: Research on the energy character of hollow-core energy optical fibers. Infrared Technol. 6, 355–357 (2008)

Hwang, H.S., Lee, J.B., Jung, J., Lee, S., Ryu, J.H., Oh, S.M.: Highly flexible TiO₂-coated stainless steel fabric electrode prepared by liquid-phase deposition. J. Power Sources 330, 204–210 (2016)ADSCrossRef

Jing, C., Kendall, W., Harrington, J.A.: A simple way to establish a dual-core hollow fiber for laser surgery applications. In: Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications XVI, vol. 97020D, pp. 1–11. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2016)

Jing, C., Hou, J., Xu, X.: Fabrication and optical characteristics of thick GeO₂ sol-gel coatings. Opt. Mater. 30(6), 857–864 (2008)ADSCrossRef

Kamynin, V.A., Bednyakova, A.E., Fedoruk, M.P., Volkov, I.A., Nishchev, K.N., Kurkov, A.S.: Supercontinuum generation beyond 2 µm in GeO₂ fiber: comparison of nano-and femtosecond pumping. Laser Phys. Lett. 12(6), 065101 (2015)

Kozodoy, R.L., Harrington, J.A.: Sol gel alumina coating for hollow waveguide delivery of CO₂ laser radiation. Appl. Opt. 34(34), 7840–7849 (1995)ADSCrossRef

Lai, M.H., Lim, K.S., Gunawardena, D.S., Lee, Y.S., Ahmad, H.: CO₂ laser applications in optical fiber components fabrication and treatment: a review. IEEE Sens. J. 17(10), 2961–2974 (2017)ADSCrossRef

Li, Y., Jing, C., Chu, J.: Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) GeO₂ hollow infrared waveguides deposited from aqueous germanate ion solutions with different GeO₂ concentrations. In: Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1–6. ACP IEEE Asia (2011)

Li, Y.: Acid induced liquid phase deposition progress of GeO₂-based hollow waveguide. J. Qingdao Univ. Sci. Technol. Qingdao Shandong China(in Chinese). 47–53 (2012)

Matsuura, Y., Abel, T., Hirsch, J., Harrington, J.A.: Small-bore hollow waveguide for delivery of near single mode IR laser radiation. Electron. Lett. 30(20), 1688–1690 (1994)CrossRef

Matsuura, Y., Abel, T., Harrington, J.A.: Optical properties of small-bore hollow glass waveguides. Appl. Opt. 34(30), 6842–6847 (1995)ADSCrossRef

Melzer, J.E., Harrington, J.A.: Investigation of silver-only and silver/TOPAS coated hollow glass waveguides for visible and NIR laser delivery. In: Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications XV, 93170H, pp. 1-9. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2015)

Nagayama, H., Honda, H., Kawahara, H.: A new process for silica coating. J. Electrochem. Soc. 135(8), 2013–2016 (1988)CrossRef

Nubling, R.K., Harrington, J.A.: Hollow-waveguide delivery systems for high-power, industrial CO₂ lasers. Appl. Opt. 35(3), 372–380 (1996)ADSCrossRef

Ramana, C.V., Troitskaia, I.B., Gromilov, S.A., Atuchin, V.V.: Electrical properties of germanium oxide with α-quartz structure prepared by chemical precipitation. Ceram. Int. 38(6), 5251–5255 (2012)CrossRef

Sun, Y., Xu, W., Fu, X., Sun, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Hu, Z.: Evaluation of lattice dynamics, infrared optical properties and visible emissions of hexagonal GeO₂ films prepared by liquid phase deposition. J. Mater. Chem. C 5(48), 12792–12799 (2017)CrossRef

Wang, X., Guo, H., Wang, L., Yue, F., Jing, C., Chu, J.: Preparation and transmission characteristics of a mid-infrared attenuated total reflection hollow waveguide based on a stainless steel capillary tube. Appl. Opt. 55(23), 6404–6409 (2016)ADSCrossRef

Wang, X., Wang, L., Fu, X., Jing, C., Yue, F., Yang, P., Chu, J.: Thermal behaviors of stainless steel tube based GeO₂ ATR hollow fibers for transmitting CO₂ laser radiations. Opt. Laser Technol. 95, 42–45 (2017)ADSCrossRef

Wei, W., Jia, F., Qu, P., Huang, Z., Wang, H., Guo, L.: Morphology memory but reconstructing crystal structure: porous hexagonal GeO₂ nanorods for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale 9(11), 3961–3968 (2017)CrossRef

Xiao, K.: Extended spectral responsivity aids artwork investigations. Laser. Technol. Appl. OME Inf (in Chinese). 1, 13–15 (2004)

Yardi, S., Gupta, A., Sundriyal, P., Bhatt, G., Kant, R., Boolchandani, D., Bhattacharya, S.: High efficiency coupling of optical fibers with SU8 micro-droplet using laser welding process. Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process. 3(3), 141–157 (2016)ADSCrossRef

Zhang, Q., Hou, L.T., Li, K.Y., Zhou, G.Y.: Infrared hollow glass waveguides with SiC film. Mater. Sci. Technol. 11(2), 132–135 (2003)

Zhou, G., Hou, Z., Hou, L.: Fabrication of nanocluster GeO₂ by chemical vapor deposition in hollow optical fibers. J. Yanshan Univ (in Chinese). 25(2), 1-4 (2010)

Title: Metallic hollow waveguide based on GeO2–NaOH precursor solution for transmission of CO2 laser radiations
Authors: Zihan Sun
Xiaohong Fu
Guishun Li
Wenqian Zhang
Yi Zhong
Xu Wang
Chengbin Jing
Xuehui Lu
Fangyu Yue
Junhao Chu
Publication date: 01-11-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Electronic ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1662-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Other articles of this Issue 11/2018

Vortex dynamics of counterpropagting laser beams in photorefractive materials

Analyze and calculation of coupling coefficient based on evanescence field for plasmonic directional coupler structure

Optical soliton solutions of the generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their applications

Subcycle dynamics of electron–hole pairs and high-harmonic generation in bulk diamond subjected to intense femtosecond laser pulse

Sr4Al14O25: Eu2+, Dy3+/silica core–shell particles synthesized via urea combustion method for carbon dioxide reduction in plants

Analysis of optical characteristics of holey photonic crystal devices with the extended coupled-mode formalism