Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 1/2019

27-08-2018 | Energy materials

Molten salt synthesis of Co-entrapped, N-doped porous carbon from various nitrogen precursors as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution

Authors: Xue Sun, Duihai Tang, Wenting Zhang, Kuo Li, Zhen-An Qiao, Yunling Liu, Daxin Liang, Junjiang Zhu, Zhen Zhao

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 1/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We synthesized a variety of Co-entrapped, N-doped porous carbon materials via a molten salt process. Dicyandiamide, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and histidine were used as the nitrogen precursors. Glucose and ZnCl2 were used as carbon precursor and template, respectively. The nitrogen precursors greatly affect the porous structures of the final samples and thus the electrocatalytic activities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). All the samples possess porous structures with high surface area and large pore volume. Electrocatalytic tests for hydrogen evolution reaction show that CoNDC-G is highly active for HER in alkaline media and is stable in the reaction without appreciated loss of activity after 10 h.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Wan Y, Zhao D (2007) On the controllable soft-templating approach to mesoporous silicates. Chem Rev 107:2821–2860CrossRef Wan Y, Zhao D (2007) On the controllable soft-templating approach to mesoporous silicates. Chem Rev 107:2821–2860CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Shi Y, Wan Y, Zhao D (2011) Ordered mesoporous non-oxide materials. Chem Soc Rev 40:3854–3878CrossRef Shi Y, Wan Y, Zhao D (2011) Ordered mesoporous non-oxide materials. Chem Soc Rev 40:3854–3878CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Lu AH, Schüth F (2006) Nanocasting: a versatile strategy for creating nanostructured porous materials. Adv Mater 18:1793–1805CrossRef Lu AH, Schüth F (2006) Nanocasting: a versatile strategy for creating nanostructured porous materials. Adv Mater 18:1793–1805CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Yang D, Lu Z, Rui X, Huang X, Li H, Zhu J, Zhang W, Lam YM, Hng HH, Zhang H, Yan Q (2014) Synthesis of two-dimensional transition-metal phosphates with highly ordered mesoporous structures for lithium-ion battery applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:9352–9355CrossRef Yang D, Lu Z, Rui X, Huang X, Li H, Zhu J, Zhang W, Lam YM, Hng HH, Zhang H, Yan Q (2014) Synthesis of two-dimensional transition-metal phosphates with highly ordered mesoporous structures for lithium-ion battery applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:9352–9355CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ren Y, Ma Z, Bruce PG (2012) Ordered mesoporous metal oxides: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 41:4909–4927CrossRef Ren Y, Ma Z, Bruce PG (2012) Ordered mesoporous metal oxides: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 41:4909–4927CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Zhang R, Elzatahry AA, Al-Deyab SS, Zhao D (2012) Mesoporous titania: from synthesis to application. Nano Today 7:344–366CrossRef Zhang R, Elzatahry AA, Al-Deyab SS, Zhao D (2012) Mesoporous titania: from synthesis to application. Nano Today 7:344–366CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Watanabe H, Asano S, Fujita S, Yoshida H, Arai M (2015) Nitrogen-doped, metal-free activated carbon catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols. ACS Catal 5:2886–2894CrossRef Watanabe H, Asano S, Fujita S, Yoshida H, Arai M (2015) Nitrogen-doped, metal-free activated carbon catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols. ACS Catal 5:2886–2894CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Qiao X, Peng H, You C, Liu F, Zheng R, Xu D, Li X, Liao S (2015) Nitrogen, phosphorus and iron doped carbon nanospheres with high surface area and hierarchical porous structure for oxygen reduction. J Power Sour 288:253–260CrossRef Qiao X, Peng H, You C, Liu F, Zheng R, Xu D, Li X, Liao S (2015) Nitrogen, phosphorus and iron doped carbon nanospheres with high surface area and hierarchical porous structure for oxygen reduction. J Power Sour 288:253–260CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Xu GR, Bai J, Yao L, Xue Q, Jiang JX, Zeng JH, Chen Y, Lee JM (2017) Polyallylamine-functionalized platinum tripods: enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction by proton carriers. ACS Catal 7:452–458CrossRef Xu GR, Bai J, Yao L, Xue Q, Jiang JX, Zeng JH, Chen Y, Lee JM (2017) Polyallylamine-functionalized platinum tripods: enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction by proton carriers. ACS Catal 7:452–458CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Chen GF, Ma TY, Liu ZQ, Li N, Su YZ, Davey K, Qiao SZ (2016) Efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts Ni/NixMy (M = P, S) for overall water splitting. Adv Funct Mater 26:3314–3323CrossRef Chen GF, Ma TY, Liu ZQ, Li N, Su YZ, Davey K, Qiao SZ (2016) Efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts Ni/NixMy (M = P, S) for overall water splitting. Adv Funct Mater 26:3314–3323CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Wang Z, Liu H, Ge R, Ren X, Ren J, Yang D, Zhang L, Sun X (2018) Phosphorus-doped Co3O4 nanowire array: a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. ACS Catal 8:2236–2241CrossRef Wang Z, Liu H, Ge R, Ren X, Ren J, Yang D, Zhang L, Sun X (2018) Phosphorus-doped Co3O4 nanowire array: a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. ACS Catal 8:2236–2241CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Zhou G, Yang Q, Guo X, Chen Y, Yang Q, Xu L, Sun D, Tang Y (2018) Coupling molybdenum carbide nanoparticles with N-doped carbon nanosheets as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:9326–9333CrossRef Zhou G, Yang Q, Guo X, Chen Y, Yang Q, Xu L, Sun D, Tang Y (2018) Coupling molybdenum carbide nanoparticles with N-doped carbon nanosheets as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:9326–9333CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Pampel J, Fellinger TP (2016) Opening of bottleneck pores for the improvement of nitrogen doped carbon electrocatalysts. Adv Energy Mater 6:1502389–1502396CrossRef Pampel J, Fellinger TP (2016) Opening of bottleneck pores for the improvement of nitrogen doped carbon electrocatalysts. Adv Energy Mater 6:1502389–1502396CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Pampel J, Denton C, Fellinger TP (2016) Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity. Carbon 107:288–296CrossRef Pampel J, Denton C, Fellinger TP (2016) Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity. Carbon 107:288–296CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Huang G, Du X, Zhang F, Yin D, Wang L (2015) A facile molten-salt route for large-scale synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoplates with enhanced lithium storage capability. Chem Eur J 21:14140–14145CrossRef Huang G, Du X, Zhang F, Yin D, Wang L (2015) A facile molten-salt route for large-scale synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoplates with enhanced lithium storage capability. Chem Eur J 21:14140–14145CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Deng J, He S, Xie S, Yang H, Liu Y, Guo G, Dai H (2015) Ultralow loading of silver nanoparticles on Mn2O3 nanowires derived with molten salts: a high-efficiency catalyst for the oxidative removal of toluene. Environ Sci Technol 49:11089–11095CrossRef Deng J, He S, Xie S, Yang H, Liu Y, Guo G, Dai H (2015) Ultralow loading of silver nanoparticles on Mn2O3 nanowires derived with molten salts: a high-efficiency catalyst for the oxidative removal of toluene. Environ Sci Technol 49:11089–11095CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chen X, Bleken FL, Løvvik OM, Vullum-Bruer F (2016) Comparing electrochemical performance of transition metal silicate cathodes and Chevrel phase Mo6S8 in the analogous rechargeable Mg-ion battery system. J Power Sour 321:76–86CrossRef Chen X, Bleken FL, Løvvik OM, Vullum-Bruer F (2016) Comparing electrochemical performance of transition metal silicate cathodes and Chevrel phase Mo6S8 in the analogous rechargeable Mg-ion battery system. J Power Sour 321:76–86CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Huang Y, Yang F, Xu Z, Shen J (2011) Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbons prepared from melamine formaldehyde resins with CaCl2 as a template. J Colloid Interface Sci 363:193–198CrossRef Huang Y, Yang F, Xu Z, Shen J (2011) Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbons prepared from melamine formaldehyde resins with CaCl2 as a template. J Colloid Interface Sci 363:193–198CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Yu Z, Wang X, Song X, Liu Y, Qiu J (2015) Molten salt synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbons for hydrogen sulfide adsorptive removal. Carbon 95:852–860CrossRef Yu Z, Wang X, Song X, Liu Y, Qiu J (2015) Molten salt synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbons for hydrogen sulfide adsorptive removal. Carbon 95:852–860CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Sun F, Gao J, Liu X, Pi X, Yang Y, Wu S (2016) Porous carbon with a large surface area and an ultrahigh carbon purity via templating carbonization coupling with KOH activation as excellent supercapacitor electrode materials. Appl Surf Sci 387:857–863CrossRef Sun F, Gao J, Liu X, Pi X, Yang Y, Wu S (2016) Porous carbon with a large surface area and an ultrahigh carbon purity via templating carbonization coupling with KOH activation as excellent supercapacitor electrode materials. Appl Surf Sci 387:857–863CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Wang Y, Li Y, Ju W, Wang J, Yao H, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Z (2016) Molten salt synthesis of water-dispersible polymeric carbon nitride nanoseaweeds and their application as luminescent probes. Carbon 102:477–486CrossRef Wang Y, Li Y, Ju W, Wang J, Yao H, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Z (2016) Molten salt synthesis of water-dispersible polymeric carbon nitride nanoseaweeds and their application as luminescent probes. Carbon 102:477–486CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Liu B, Guo ZP, Du G, Nuli Y, Hassan MF, Jia D (2010) In situ synthesis of ultra-fine, porous, tin oxide-carbon nanocomposites via a molten salt method for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sour 195:5382–5386CrossRef Liu B, Guo ZP, Du G, Nuli Y, Hassan MF, Jia D (2010) In situ synthesis of ultra-fine, porous, tin oxide-carbon nanocomposites via a molten salt method for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sour 195:5382–5386CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Li K, Tang D, Zhang W, Qiao ZA, Liu Y, Huo Q, Liang D, Zhu J, Zhao Z (2017) Molten salt synthesis of Co-entrapped, N-doped porous carbon as efficient hydrogen evolving electrocatalysts. Mater Lett 209:256–259CrossRef Li K, Tang D, Zhang W, Qiao ZA, Liu Y, Huo Q, Liang D, Zhu J, Zhao Z (2017) Molten salt synthesis of Co-entrapped, N-doped porous carbon as efficient hydrogen evolving electrocatalysts. Mater Lett 209:256–259CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Li XH, Antonietti M (2013) Metal nanoparticles at mesoporous N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides: functional Mott-Schottky heterojunctions for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 42:6593–6604CrossRef Li XH, Antonietti M (2013) Metal nanoparticles at mesoporous N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides: functional Mott-Schottky heterojunctions for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 42:6593–6604CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Han J, Gu F, Li Y (2016) N-doped sub-3 nm Co nanoparticles as highly efficient and durable aerobic oxidative coupling catalysts. Chem Asian J 11:2594–2601CrossRef Han J, Gu F, Li Y (2016) N-doped sub-3 nm Co nanoparticles as highly efficient and durable aerobic oxidative coupling catalysts. Chem Asian J 11:2594–2601CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Wang JG, Liu H, Sun H, Hua W, Wang H, Liu X, Wei B (2018) One-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres for high-rate and long-cycle life supercapacitors. Carbon 127:85–92CrossRef Wang JG, Liu H, Sun H, Hua W, Wang H, Liu X, Wei B (2018) One-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres for high-rate and long-cycle life supercapacitors. Carbon 127:85–92CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Lu L, Zhang S, Lv Z, Yang D, Liu J, Chen Y, Tian X, Jin H, Song W (2018) Biomass chitosan derived cobalt/nitrogen doped carbon nanotube for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater Chem A 6:5740–5745CrossRef Zhang Y, Lu L, Zhang S, Lv Z, Yang D, Liu J, Chen Y, Tian X, Jin H, Song W (2018) Biomass chitosan derived cobalt/nitrogen doped carbon nanotube for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater Chem A 6:5740–5745CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Zhong W, Liu H, Bai C, Liao S, Li Y (2015) Base-free oxidation of alcohols to esters at room temperature and atmospheric conditions using nanoscale Co-based catalysts. ACS Catal 5:1850–1856CrossRef Zhong W, Liu H, Bai C, Liao S, Li Y (2015) Base-free oxidation of alcohols to esters at room temperature and atmospheric conditions using nanoscale Co-based catalysts. ACS Catal 5:1850–1856CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Wang J, Gao D, Wang G, Miao S, Wu H, Lia J, Bao X (2014) Cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon as a bifunctional catalyst for water electrolysis. J Mater Chem A 2:20067–20074CrossRef Wang J, Gao D, Wang G, Miao S, Wu H, Lia J, Bao X (2014) Cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon as a bifunctional catalyst for water electrolysis. J Mater Chem A 2:20067–20074CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Li W, Lu L, Song W, Wang C, Zhou L, Liu J, Chen Y, Jin H, Zhang Y (2017) Tuning active sites on cobalt/nitrogen doped graphene for electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution. Electrochim Acta 265:497–506CrossRef Zhang Y, Li W, Lu L, Song W, Wang C, Zhou L, Liu J, Chen Y, Jin H, Zhang Y (2017) Tuning active sites on cobalt/nitrogen doped graphene for electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution. Electrochim Acta 265:497–506CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Si Y, Zhang Y, Lu Lu, Zhang S, Chen Y, Liu Jinghai, Jin Hongyun, Hou Shuen, Dai Kai, Song Weiguo (2018) Boosting visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of graphitic carbon nitride via enhancing it interfacial redox activity with cobalt/nitrogen doped tubular graphitic carbon. J Catal 225:512–518 Si Y, Zhang Y, Lu Lu, Zhang S, Chen Y, Liu Jinghai, Jin Hongyun, Hou Shuen, Dai Kai, Song Weiguo (2018) Boosting visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of graphitic carbon nitride via enhancing it interfacial redox activity with cobalt/nitrogen doped tubular graphitic carbon. J Catal 225:512–518
33.
go back to reference Guo H, Wang M, Zhao L, Youliwasi N, Liu C (2018) The effect of Co and N of porous carbon-based materials fabricated via sacrificial templates MOFs on improving DA and UA electrochemical detection. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 263:21–27CrossRef Guo H, Wang M, Zhao L, Youliwasi N, Liu C (2018) The effect of Co and N of porous carbon-based materials fabricated via sacrificial templates MOFs on improving DA and UA electrochemical detection. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 263:21–27CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Wei Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Su D, Tang M, Mao S, Wang Y (2016) Cobalt encapsulated in N-doped graphene layers: an efficient and stable catalyst for hydrogenation of quinoline compounds. ACS Catal 6:5816–5822CrossRef Wei Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Su D, Tang M, Mao S, Wang Y (2016) Cobalt encapsulated in N-doped graphene layers: an efficient and stable catalyst for hydrogenation of quinoline compounds. ACS Catal 6:5816–5822CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Pu Z, Amiinu IS, Zhang C, Wang M, Kou Z, Mu S (2017) Phytic acid-derivative transition metal phosphides encapsulated in N, P-codoped carbon: an efficient and durable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in a wide pH range. Nanoscale 9:3555–3560CrossRef Pu Z, Amiinu IS, Zhang C, Wang M, Kou Z, Mu S (2017) Phytic acid-derivative transition metal phosphides encapsulated in N, P-codoped carbon: an efficient and durable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in a wide pH range. Nanoscale 9:3555–3560CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Huang T, Chen Y, Lee JM (2017) Two-dimensional cobalt/N-doped carbon hybrid structure derived from metal − organic frameworks as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 5:5646–5650CrossRef Huang T, Chen Y, Lee JM (2017) Two-dimensional cobalt/N-doped carbon hybrid structure derived from metal − organic frameworks as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 5:5646–5650CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Xing Z, Liu Q, Xing W, Asiri AM, Sun X (2015) Interconnected Co-entrapped, N-doped carbon nanotube film as active hydrogen evolution cathode over the whole pH range. Chemsuschem 8:1850–1855CrossRef Xing Z, Liu Q, Xing W, Asiri AM, Sun X (2015) Interconnected Co-entrapped, N-doped carbon nanotube film as active hydrogen evolution cathode over the whole pH range. Chemsuschem 8:1850–1855CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Zhang H, Ma Z, Duan J, Liu H, Liu G, Wang T, Chang K, Li M, Shi L, Meng X, Wu K, Ye J (2016) Active sites implanted carbon cages in core-shell architecture: highly active and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Nano 10:684–694CrossRef Zhang H, Ma Z, Duan J, Liu H, Liu G, Wang T, Chang K, Li M, Shi L, Meng X, Wu K, Ye J (2016) Active sites implanted carbon cages in core-shell architecture: highly active and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Nano 10:684–694CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Su H, Wang HH, Zhang B, Wang KX, Li XH, Chen JS (2016) Enriching Co nanoparticles inside carbon nanofibers via nanoscale assembly of metal-organic complexes for highly efficient hydrogen evolution. Nano Energy 22:79–86CrossRef Su H, Wang HH, Zhang B, Wang KX, Li XH, Chen JS (2016) Enriching Co nanoparticles inside carbon nanofibers via nanoscale assembly of metal-organic complexes for highly efficient hydrogen evolution. Nano Energy 22:79–86CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Gao S, Li GD, Liu Y, Chen H, Feng LL, Wang Y, Yang M, Wang D, Wang S, Zou X (2015) Electrocatalytic H2 production from seawater over Co, N-codoped nanocarbons. Nanoscale 7:2306–2316CrossRef Gao S, Li GD, Liu Y, Chen H, Feng LL, Wang Y, Yang M, Wang D, Wang S, Zou X (2015) Electrocatalytic H2 production from seawater over Co, N-codoped nanocarbons. Nanoscale 7:2306–2316CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Chen J, Zhou H, Huang Y, Yu H, Huang F, Zheng F, Li S (2016) A 3D Co-CN framework as high performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. RSC Adv 6:42014–42018CrossRef Chen J, Zhou H, Huang Y, Yu H, Huang F, Zheng F, Li S (2016) A 3D Co-CN framework as high performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. RSC Adv 6:42014–42018CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Yang S, Dou M, Ji J, Wang F (2016) Cobalt-nitrogen doped 3D porous carbon prepared with self-generated nanoparticles as sacrificial templates for hydrogen generation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:4193–4201CrossRef Zhang Z, Yang S, Dou M, Ji J, Wang F (2016) Cobalt-nitrogen doped 3D porous carbon prepared with self-generated nanoparticles as sacrificial templates for hydrogen generation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:4193–4201CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Xue Y, Li J, Xue Z, Li Y, Liu H, Li D, Yang W, Li Y (2016) Extraordinarily durable graphdiyne-supported electrocatalyst with high activity for hydrogen production at all values of pH. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:31083–31091CrossRef Xue Y, Li J, Xue Z, Li Y, Liu H, Li D, Yang W, Li Y (2016) Extraordinarily durable graphdiyne-supported electrocatalyst with high activity for hydrogen production at all values of pH. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:31083–31091CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Fei H, Yang Y, Peng Z, Ruan G, Zhong Q, Li L, Samuel ELG, Tour JM (2015) Cobalt nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon for the hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:8083–8087CrossRef Fei H, Yang Y, Peng Z, Ruan G, Zhong Q, Li L, Samuel ELG, Tour JM (2015) Cobalt nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon for the hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:8083–8087CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Molten salt synthesis of Co-entrapped, N-doped porous carbon from various nitrogen precursors as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors
Xue Sun
Duihai Tang
Wenting Zhang
Kuo Li
Zhen-An Qiao
Yunling Liu
Daxin Liang
Junjiang Zhu
Zhen Zhao
Publication date
27-08-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2852-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Journal of Materials Science 1/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partners