Monitoring Land Subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) Using Leveling, GPS Survey and InSAR Techniques

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 12 million people, inhabiting an area of about 25-km by 25-km. It has been reported for quite sometime that several locations in Jakarta are subsiding at different rates. Leveling surveys performed in 1982, 1991 and 1997 have detected the subsidence up to about 80 cm during the period of 1982–1991, and up to about 160 cm during the 1991–1997 period; while GPS surveys observed the subsidence up to about 50 cm during the period of 1997–2002. InSAR technique using JERS-1/SAR L-band data estimated a subsidence rate of about 5 to 10cm during the period of 1993 to 1995. Maximum subsidence were found in the northwestern and central eastern parts of Jakarta, while minimum subsidence were found in the southern part. InSAR results show good correspondence with the results from Leveling and GPS Surveys