Multihop Transmission Strategy Using Dijkstra Algorithm to Improve Energy Efficiency in WSNs

Thanks to the development in the wireless communication technologies and the microelectronics domain, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are more and more omnipresent. The most important challenge of WSN is how to extend its lifetime. For long distance communication, using one hop transmission causes the dissipation of a lot of energy. To avoid this dissipation, an energy-efficient multihop transmission strategy based on Dijkstra algorithm is proposed in this paper. We consider a WSN organized into clusters, each cluster is composed of N sensor nodes classified as follows: source node, cluster head (CH) node as the destination, group of active nodes and group of sleeping nodes. The selection of CH node is based on the position of nodes within the cluster and their residual energy. Then, the CH groups the remaining nodes into active or sleeping nodes according to a reference distance. We suppose that the transmitting symbol is correctly received only if the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver is above a threshold \(\gamma _{th}\). Our main objective is to define a new transmission technique minimizing the power consumption using multihop communication. The selected relays which cooperate to aid the source-destination communication are those offering the least transmit power while maintaining SNR equal to the threshold \(\gamma _{th}\). We use Dijkstra algorithm to select the reliable relays. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed transmission technique can reduce enormously the power consumption.