Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Environmental Earth Sciences
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences 14/2016

01-07-2016 | Original Article

Multivariate statistical analysis for identifying water quality and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in Quaternary deposits in the Lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysian Peninsula

Authors: Nur Hayati Hussin, Ismail Yusoff, Wan Zakaria Wan Muhd Tahir, Ibrahim Mohamed, Adriana Irawati Nur Ibrahim, Adzhar Rambli

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 14/2016

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A long-term hydrogeochemical data set is used in this study to evaluate the water quality and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in a Quaternary deposit. A multivariate statistical method, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), is applied to overcome the problem of a large number of data points in the integration, interpretation and representation of the results. HCA is applied to a subgroup of the hydrogeochemical data set to evaluate their usefulness to classify the groundwater bodies. This subgroup consists of 27 groundwater wells and 15 variables [pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity (EC), Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K, HCO3 −, Cl−, SO4 2−, Fe, Mn, NH4, NO3 − and SiO2]. Only 12 chemical variables were used for the analysis. Four clusters have been identified: C1–C4, with two main prevalent facies, Na–HCO3 and Ca–HCO3. The hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater is governed by the processes of precipitation, weathering, dissolution and ion exchange.
previous article To analyze the Urban Water Pollution Discharge System using the tracking and tracing approach
next article Optimal redesign of environmental monitoring networks by using software MSANOS

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
Adar EM, Rosenthal E, Issar AS, Batelaan O (1992) Quantitative assessment of the flow pattern in the southern Arava Valley (Israel) by environmental tracers and a mixing cell model. J Hydrol 136:333–352CrossRef
Adomako D, Osae S, Akiti TT, Faye S, Maloszewski P (2011) Geochemical and isotopic studies of groundwater conditions in the Densu River Basin of Ghana. Environ Earth Sci 62:1071–1084. doi:10.​1007/​s12665-010-0595-2 CrossRef
Alberto WD, del Pilar DM, Valeria A, Fabiana PS, Cecilia HA, de los Angles BM (2001) Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality, a case study: Suquia river basin (Cordoba–Argentina). Water Resour 35:2881–2894
Andrade EM, Araújo H, Palácio Q, Souzab IH, Leño RA, Guerreiro MJ (2008) Land use effects in groundwater composition of an alluvial aquifer (Trussu River, Brazil) by multivariate techniques. Environ Res 106(2):170–177CrossRef
Ang NK, Loh CH (1975) Hydrogeological investigations in Kelantan and Terengganu. Annual Report Malaysia Geological Survey
Appelo CAJ, Postma D (2005) Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution, 2nd edn. AA Balkema Publishers, AmsterdamCrossRef
Belkhiri L, Boudoukha A, Mouni L, Baouz T (2010) Application of multivariate statistical methods and inverse geochemical modeling for characterization of groundwater–a case study: Ain Azel Plain (Algeria). Geoderma 159:390–398CrossRef
BGS (2003) Water quality fact sheet: manganese. British Geological Survey, Nottingham
Cendon DI, Larsen JR, Jones BG, Nanson GC, Rickleman D, Hankin SI, Pueyo JJ, Maroulis J (2010) Freshwater recharge into a shallow saline groundwater system, Cooper Creek floodplain, Queensland, Australia. J Hydrol 392:150–163CrossRef
Ceron JC, Jimenez-Espinosa R, Pulido-Bosch A (2000) Numerical analysis of hydrochemical data: a case study (Alto Guadalentín, southeast Spain). Appl Geochem 15(7):1053–1067CrossRef
Chong FS, Tan DNK (1986) Hydrogeological activities in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. GEOSEA V Proceedings, Vol. II. Geological Society Malaysia. Bulletin 20:827–842
Cloutier V, Lefebvre R, Therrien R, Savard MM (2008) Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system. J Hydrol 353:294–313CrossRef
Dassi L (2011) Investigation by multivariate analysis of groundwater composition in a multilayer aquifer system from North Africa: a multi-tracer approach. Appl Geochem 26(8):1386–1398CrossRef
Davis JC (1986) Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley, New York
Domenico PA, Schwartz FW (1990) Physical and chemical hydrogeology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Drever JI (1988) Geochemistry of natural waters, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
El Yaouti F, El Mandour A, Khattach D, Benavente J, Kaufmann O (2009) Salinization processes in the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg (NE Morocco): a geostatistical, geochemical, and tomographic study. Appl Geochem 24(1):16–31CrossRef
Farnham IM, Stetzenbach KJ, Singh AK, Johannesson KH (2000) Deciphering groundwater flow systems in Oasis Valley, Nevada, using trace element chemistry, multivariate statistics, and geographical information system. Math Geol 32:943–968CrossRef
Fisher RS, Mullican WF (1997) Hydrochemical evolution of sodium-sulfate and sodium-chloride groundwater beneath the northern Chihuahuan Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA. Hydrogeol J 5:4–16CrossRef
Freeze RA, Cherry JA (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs
Ghesquiere O, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Rouleau A (2015) Scenarios of groundwater chemical evolution in a region of the Canadian Shield based on multivariate statistical analysis. J Hydrol Region Stud 4:246–266CrossRef
Guggenmos MR, Daughney CJ, Jackson BM, Morgenstern U (2011) Regional-scale identification of groundwater–surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 8(4):64436487CrossRef
Güler C, Thyne GD (2004) Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling surface and groundwater chemistry in Indian Wells-Owens Valley area, southeastern California, USA. J Hydrol 285:177–198CrossRef
Güler C, Thyne G, McCray JE, Turner AK (2002) Evaluation and graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data. Hydrogeol J 10:455–474CrossRef
Hamzah U, Haryono Samsudin AR, Rafek AG, Ali CA (1997) High resolution multichannel seismic profiling: a case study at Pak Pura, Bachok, Kelantan. Warta Geologi 23(4):231–237
Helsrup T, Jorgensen NO, Banoeng-Yakubo B (2007) Investigation of hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater from Cretaceous–Eocene limestone aquifers in southern Ghana and Togo using hierarchical cluster analysis. Hydrogeol J 15:977–989CrossRef
Hem JD (1980) Redox coprecipitation mechanisms of manganese oxides. In: Kavonaugh, MC, Leckie JO (eds), Particulars in water. Advances in chemistry Series No. 180, Washington, DC, America Chemical Society, pp 45–72
Hounslow AW (1995) Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton
Hussin NH (2011) Hydrogeochemical study and iron removal of groundwater in North Kelantan. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Hussin NH, Yusoff I, Alias Y, Mohammad S, Rahim NY, Ashraf MA (2014) Ionic liquid as a medium to remove iron and other metal ions: a case study of the North Kelantan Aquifer, Malaysia. Environ Earth Sci 71:2105–2113CrossRef
Hutchison CS, Tan DNK (2009) Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University of Malaya and Geological Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Li S, Zhang Q (2008) Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin, China, 1: spatial distribution of major ion compositions and their controlling factors. Appl Geochem 23(12):3535–3544CrossRef
Liu F, Song X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Han D, Ma Y, Bu H (2015) Identifying the origin and geochemical evolution of groundwater using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes in the Subei Lake basin, Ordos energy base, Northwestern China. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19:551–565. doi:10.​5194/​hess-19-551-2015 CrossRef
Locsey KL, Cox ME (2003) Statistical and hydrochemical methods to compare basalt- and basement rock-hosted groundwaters: Atherton Tablelands, northeastern Australia. Environ Geol 43(6):698–713
Loh CH (1992) Quaternary. In: MacDonald S (eds) The geology and mineral resources of North Kelantan and North Terengganu. Geological Survey West Malaysia District Memoir 10
Lopez-Chicano M, Bouamama M, Vallejos A, Pulido BA (2001) Factors which determine the hydrogeochemical behavior of karstic springs: a case study from the Betic Cordilleras, Spain. Appl Geochem 16(9–10):1179–1192CrossRef
MacDonald S (1967) The geology and mineral resources of north Kelantan and North Terengganu. Geological Survey West Malaysia District Memoir 10
Masoud AA (2014) Groundwater quality assessment of the shallow aquifer west of the Nile Delta (Egypt) using multivariate statistical and geostatistical techniques. J Afr Earth Sci 95:123–137CrossRef
MGD (2012) Groundwater modelling for Lower Kelantan River Basin (Shallow aquifer). 10th Malaysian Plan of National Groundwater Resources Study. Report No. JMG.KLT. (SAT) 04/2012. Minerals and Geoscience Department of Malaysia. Ministry of national Resources and Environment
MGD (2014) Groundwater modelling for Lower Kelantan River Basin. 10th Malaysian Plan of National Groundwater Resources Study. Report No. JMG.KLT. (SAT) 04/2014. Minerals and Geoscience Department of Malaysia. Ministry of national Resources and Environment
Millero FJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, McDougall TJ (2008) The standard composition of seawater: the definition of a reference salinity scale. Deep Sea Res Pt I 55(1):50–72CrossRef
MOH (2004) National standard for drinking water quality (NSDWQ). Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Mohamad IC, Ang NM (1996) Laporan Program Pengawasaan Air Tanah Semenanjung Malaysia. Geological Survey Department Malaysia. Report No. GPH 4/96
Mohammad IC (1992) Status Pengawasan Air Tanah di Delta Sungai Kelantan. In: Proceeding of the 23rd annual geological conference, 4, pp 258–280
Monjerezi M, Vogt RD, Aagaard P, Saka JDK (2011) Hydro-chemical processes in an area with saline groundwater in lower Shire River Valley, Malawi: an integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses. Appl Geochem 26(8):1399–1413CrossRef
Moya CE, Raiber M, Taulis M, Cox ME (2015) Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater flow processes in the Galilee and Eromanga basins, Great Artesian Basin, Australia: a multivariate statistical approach. Sci Total Environ 508:411–426CrossRef
Noor IM (1979) Prefeasibility study of potential groundwater development in Kelantan, Malaysia. PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Papatheodorou G, Lambrakis N, Panagopoulos G (2007) Application of multivariate statistical procedures to the hydrochemical study of coastal aquifer: an example from Crete, Greece. Hydrol Process 21(11):1482–1495CrossRef
Pereira HG, Renca S, Sataiva J (2003) A case study on geochemical anomaly identification through principal component analysis supplementary projection. Appl Geochem 18:37–44CrossRef
Pfeiffer DI, Chong FS (1979) Preliminary report of the hydrogeological Investigations in Kota Bharu. Annual Report Malaysia Geological Survey
Pfeiffer DI, Tieddemann O (1986) Hydrogeological studies and the development of groundwater in the Kelantan Coastal Plain, Malaysia. Nat Resour Dev 24:72–82
PMW Associates Sdn Bhd (2010) Final report: study on groundwater monitoring system in Kelantan. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA), Putrajaya
Rajmohan N, Elango L (2004) Identification and evolution of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment in an area of the Palar and Cheyyar River Basins, Southern India. Environ Geol 46:47–61. doi:10.​1007/​s00254-004-1012-5
Riberio L, Maacedo ME (1995) Application of multivariate statistics trend and cluster analysis to groundwater quality in the Tejo and Sado aquifer. In: Groundwater quality: remediation and protection. Proceedings of the Prague conference, May 1995. IAHS Publ. No. 225, pp 39–47
Schlumberger Water Services (2007) AquaChem v.5.1. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Schoeller H (1965) Qualitative evaluation of groundwater resources. In: Methods and techniques of groundwater investigations and development. UNESCO, Paris, pp 54–83
Schoeller H (1967) Geochemistry of groundwater—an international guide for research and practice (chap 15, pp 1–18). UNESCO, Paris
Schot PP, van der Wal J (1992) Human impact on regional groundwater composition through intervention in natural flow patterns and changes in land use. J Hydrol 134:297–313CrossRef
SMHB Sdn. Bhd. (2000) National water resources study 2000–2050 (Malaysian Peninsula) Sector Report, vol. 04, Groundwater Studies
Sofner B (1992) Groundwater monitoring and groundwater protection at the Geological Survey Department (GSD) of Malaysia, Technical Cooperation Project No. 88.2225.6. Geological Survey Department of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Stat Soft Inc. (2004) Statistica (Data Analysis Software System) Version 7.0
Steinhorst RK, Williams RE (1985) Discrimination of groundwater sources using cluster analysis, MANOVA, canonical analysis and discriminant analysis. Water Resour Res 21:1149–1156CrossRef
Stetzenbach KJ, Hodge VF, Guo C, Farnham IM, Johannesson KH (2001) Geochemical and statistical evidence of deep carbonate groundwater within overlying volcanic rock aquifer/aquitards of southern Nevada, USA. J Hydrol 243:254–271CrossRef
Suntharalingam T, Teoh LH (1985) Quaternary. In: Hutchison CS, Tan DNK (eds) Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University of Malaya and Geological Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Suratman S (1997) Groundwater Protection in north Kelantan, Malaysia: an integrated mapping approach using modeling and gis. PhD Thesis, University of Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Suratman S (2010) Current and future R&D on groundwater resources. In: 2nd workshop on groundwater in the context of IWRM: research and development (R&D) and capacity building needs in groundwater resource management, 12–13 April 2010, NAHRIM, Selangor, Malaysia
Tajul Baharuddin MF (2002) Pengurusan air bumi untuk akuifer cetek pesisir pantai di Kota Bahru. M.Eng. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia
TIBCO Spotfire S+® 8.1 (2008) Guide to Statistics. (Vol. 1, pp. 718): TIBCO Software Inc
Troyanskaya O, Cantor M, Sherlock G, Brown P, Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Botstein D, Altman RB (2001) Missing value estimation methods for DNA microarrays. Bioinformatics 17(6):520–525CrossRef
Wirmvem MJ, Ohba T, Fantong WY, Ayonghe SN, Suila JY, Asaah ANE, Tanyileke G, Hell JV (2013) Hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater and surface water in the Ndop plain, North West Cameroon. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 7(6):518–530. doi:10.​5897/​AJEST2013.​1456 CrossRef
Yidana SM, Banoeng-Yakubo B, Asamoah Sakyi P (2012) Identifying key processes in the hydrochemistry of a basin through the combined use of factor and regression models. J Earth Syst Sci 121(2):491–507CrossRef
Yu JC, Mo XX, Yu XH, Dong GC, Fu Q, Xing FC (2012) Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Permian basaltic rocks in Keping area, Western Tarim Basin: a record of plume –lithosphere interaction. J Earth Sci 23(4):442–454. doi:10.​1007/​s12583-012-0267-0 CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Multivariate statistical analysis for identifying water quality and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in Quaternary deposits in the Lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysian Peninsula
Authors
Nur Hayati Hussin
Ismail Yusoff
Wan Zakaria Wan Muhd Tahir
Ibrahim Mohamed
Adriana Irawati Nur Ibrahim
Adzhar Rambli
Publication date
01-07-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 14/2016
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5705-3

Other articles of this Issue 14/2016

Environmental Earth Sciences 14/2016 Go to the issue

Thematic Issue

Hydrological modelling of changes in the water balance due to the impact of woody biomass production in the North German Plain

Original Article

Assessment of barite of Lasbela, Balochistan, Pakistan, as drilling mud and environmental impact of associated Pb, As, Hg, Cd and Sr

Original Article

Streamflow response to future climate and land use changes in Xinjiang basin, China

Thematic Issue

Analysis of hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted bentonite/sand mixture using a double structure formulation

Thematic Issue

Projected impact of climate change on irrigation needs and groundwater resources in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany)

Original Article

Environmental and geochemical significance of carbon and oxygen isotopes of Ordovician carbonate paleokarst in Lunnan, Tarim Basin