Non-use Value of Forest Ecosystem Services in Russia

In recent decades, close relations between economic development and environmental degradation have become increasingly evident. As part of the transition toward sustainable development with a particular focus on effective environmental management and the maintenance of steady-state ecosystems, the activities of all economic and political actors should be reconsidered in order to conserve biodiversity and mitigate the effects of global warming. In this regard, the economic assessment of forest ecosystems is gaining increasing attention. This paper presents the review of methods for estimating the economic value of ecosystem services for forest biomes. While methods for determining use value of forest ecosystem services are well-discussed, the monetary estimation of non-use value is more complex as there are no traditional markets for them.