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Emerging Organic Contaminants and Nanomaterials in Food Read chapter Read first chapter

2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Occurrence of Phthalates and Their Metabolites in the Environment and Human Health Implications

Authors : Mario Antonio Fernández, Belén Gómara, María José González

Published in: Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Phthalates are chemicals that have been used for over 80 years in large quantities due to their wide range of applications, mainly in the plastic industry. For many years, these compounds were not considered dangerous for humans due to their low toxicity shown in the preliminary studies and their low persistence. However, research conducted in recent years has evidenced their activity as endocrine disruptors, and they are now considered as emerging contaminants and included in the priority list of dangerous substances in the legislation of many countries. This chapter provides an overview on the properties, major uses, emission sources, environmental and human levels, current legislation, behavior and fate of phthalates, and their metabolites, with special emphasis on their toxicity and human exposure.

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previous chapter Human Exposure and Health Risks to Emerging Organic Contaminants
next chapter Perfluorinated Compounds in Drinking Water, Food and Human Samples
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Metadata
Title
Occurrence of Phthalates and Their Metabolites in the Environment and Human Health Implications
Authors
Mario Antonio Fernández
Belén Gómara
María José González
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28131-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-28132-7

Copyright Year: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_127