Introduction
Bridging the off-grid appliance data gap
Methodology
Analysis
Off-grid appliance test methods
Product | Commonly used test methods for on-grid household products | Modified tests to address off-grid performance characteristics |
---|---|---|
Fans | •IEC 60879 (air delivery, power input, and energy efficiency value) •IEC 60335-2-80 (fan blades and guards) | •Quality and workmanship inspections •Voltage fluctuation conditions (± 15% of rated voltage) •Harsh environment exposure conditions (40 ± 2 °C temperature and 93 ± 3% relative humidity) •Physical Ingress Protection (IEC 62257-9-5) •Drop test (IEC TS 62257-9-5) |
TVs | •IEC 62087 (On Mode power consumption) •IEC 62301 (Standby Mode power consumption) •ENERGY STAR® Televisions Test Method (luminance) | •Quality and workmanship inspections •Voltage fluctuation conditions (± 15% of rated voltage) •Harsh environment exposure conditions (40 ± 2 °C temperature and 93 ± 3% relative humidity) •Physical Ingress Protection (IEC 62257-9-5) •Viewing Angle (IEC 60107) |
Refrigerators | •IEC 62552 (steady-state operation power consumption, freezing capacity) • WHO/PQS/E003/RF05-VP.4 (autonomy time, pull-down time) | •Quality and workmanship inspection •Voltage fluctuation conditions (± 15% of rated voltage) •Harsh environment exposure conditions (43 ± 2 °C temperature and 93 ± 3% relative humidity) |
Results and analysis
Overview
Off-grid and weak-grid televisions
Current state of the off-grid TV market
Off-grid television data trends
Size | Kenya | Uganda | Tanzania | Sierra Leone | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small (12–17 in.) | 9 | 22 | 31 | 1 | 63 |
Medium (18–24 in.) | 32 | 68 | 55 | 3 | 158 |
Large (25+) | 31 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 65 |
Tested models | Energy efficiency index (W/in.2) by year | ||
---|---|---|---|
2013/2014 (n = 7) | 2015/2016 (n = 13) | 2016/2017 (n = 15) | |
Mean EEI, Global LEAP winners | 0.068 (n = 5) | 0.062 (n = 3) | 0.060 (n = 4) |
Mean EEI, Global LEAP finalists | 0.074 (n = 2) | 0.085 (n = 10) | 0.077 (n = 11) |
Year | Energy efficiency index (W/in.2) by year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean, all products | Most efficient | Least efficient | EEI ratio, highest to lowest | |
2014 (n = 7) | 0.070 | 0.042 | 0.116 | 2.5 |
2015 (n = 4) | 0.094 | 0.058 | 0.184 | 3.2 |
2016 (n = 36) | 0.113 | 0.046 | 0.227 | 5.0 |
2017 (n = 27) | 0.101 | 0.032 | 0.254 | 7.9 |
Year | Average cost per screen size ($/in.2) |
---|---|
2014 (n = 6) | 1.57 |
2016 (n = 30) | 1.00 |
2017 (n = 22) | 0.93 |
2016/17 Global LEAP winners and finalists (n = 15) | 1.06 |
2017 non-winners and finalists (n = 7) | 0.65 |
Country | $/in.2—lowest | $/in.2—median | $/in.2—highest |
---|---|---|---|
Sierra Leone | 0.31 | 0.52 | 2.17 |
Kenya | 0.33 | 0.64 | 1.57 |
Uganda | 0.18 | 0.46 | 0.73 |
Tanzania | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.92 |
TVs | Off-grid test data | On-grid products |
---|---|---|
Energy efficiency index (W/in.2) | ||
EEI (mean) | 0.083 | 0.071 |
EEI (90th percentile) | 0.051 | 0.066 |
Luminance (cd/m2) | ||
Lowest | 36 | 76 |
Median | 158 | 173 |
Highest | 425 | 299 |
Luminous efficacy (cd/m2/W) | ||
Lowest | 3.93 | 3.45 |
Median | 12.1 | 6.11 |
Highest | 31.08 | 15.30 |
Key findings for off-grid TVs
Off-grid and weak-grid fans
Current state of the off-grid fan market
Off-grid fan data trends
Fan type | Number |
---|---|
Small table fans (< 12 in.) | 3 |
Large table fans (≥ 12 in.) | 39 |
Table fans | 12 |
Pedestal fans | 167 |
Small ceiling fans (< 42 in.) | 3 |
Large ceiling fans (≥ 42 in.) | 47 |
Other types | 8 |
Total | 279 |
Energy efficiency index, m3/min/W | |||
---|---|---|---|
Product type | Lowest | Median | Highest |
Table fans (n = 17) | 0.87 | 2.12 | 4.28 |
Pedestal fans (n = 11) | 1.18 | 2.86 | 4.49 |
Ceiling fans (n = 15) | 4.59 | 6.09 | 7.61 |
Max speed input power (W) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Table fans | Mean EEI | Low | Median | High |
DC (n = 20) | 2.47 | 1.85 | 9.60 | 30.57 |
AC (n = 4) | 1.23 | 11.39 | 12.19 | 52.11 |
Pedestal fans | Mean EEI | Low | Median | High |
DC (n = 10) | 3.19 | 6.89 | 11.22 | 28.08 |
AC (n = 4) | 1.77 | 12.97 | 26.62 | 41.54 |
Type of fans | Count | Average price |
---|---|---|
DC pedestal | 129 | $26.58 |
AC or AC/DC pedestal | 38 | $41.05 |
DC table | 34 | $16.99 |
AC or AC/DC table | 18 | $38.96 |
Country | Sample size | Average cost |
---|---|---|
Pedestal fans | ||
Pakistan | 106 | $26.07 |
India | 15 | $15.73 |
Kenya | 14 | $42.03 |
Tanzania | 18 | $29.09 |
Uganda | 11 | $27.30 |
Table fans | ||
Pakistan | 11 | $34.49 |
India | 34 | $10.28 |
Table fans | Off-grid test data (n = 17) | On-grid products (n = 39) |
Energy efficiency index | ||
EEI (mean) | 2.04 | 1.00 |
EEI (90th percentile) | 3.93 | 1.27 |
Size | ||
Median size (inches) | 11.6 | 13.95 |
Power | ||
Median rated power input (W) | 14.4 | 34.4 |
Pedestal fans | Off-grid test data (n = 11) | On-grid products (n = 29) |
Energy efficiency index | ||
EEI (mean) | 2.68 | 1.26 |
EEI (90th percentile) | 3.97 | 1.61 |
Size | ||
Median size (inches) | 15.20 | 18.60 |
Power | ||
Median rated power input (W) | 17.50 | 46.80 |
Key findings for off-grid fans
Off-grid and weak-grid refrigerators
Current state of the refrigerator market
Off-grid refrigerator data trends
Refrigerators (n = 25) | Refrigerator-freezer combination units (n = 32) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Small (≤ 50 L) | 7 | Small (≤ 100 L) | 10 |
Medium (51–100 L) | 7 | R-F medium (101–200 L) | 14 |
R large (100+ L) | 11 | R-F medium (101–200 L) | 8 |
Refrigerator type | Size | Number of products | Average of product retail price |
---|---|---|---|
Refrigerators | R large (100+ L) | 11 | $845 |
R medium (51–100 L) | 7 | $593 | |
R small (≤ 50 L) | 7 | $566 | |
Refrigerator-freezer combination units | R-F large (201+ L) | 8 | $447 |
R-F medium (101–200 L) | 14 | $407 | |
R-F small (≤ 100 L) | 10 | $308 |
Additional energy performance discussions
Off-grida | On-gridb | Difference (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Refrigerators | |||
Mean EEI | 0.0347 | 0.0089 | 290% |
Highest EEI | 0.0058 | 0.0041 | 41% |
Lowest EEI | 0.0904 | 0.0158 | 472% |
Refrigerator-freezer combination units | |||
Mean EEI | 0.0511 | 0.0117 | 337% |
Highest EEI | 0.0269 | 0.0074 | 264% |
Lowest EEI | 0.1137 | 0.0172 | 561% |