Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Experiments in Fluids
Published in: Experiments in Fluids 4/2014

01-04-2014 | Research Article

On the refractive index of sodium iodide solutions for index matching in PIV

Authors: Kunlun Bai, Joseph Katz

Published in: Experiments in Fluids | Issue 4/2014

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Refractive index matching has become a popular technique for facilitating applications of modern optical diagnostic techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, in complex systems. By matching the refractive index of solid boundaries with that of the liquid, unobstructed optical paths can be achieved for illumination and image acquisition. In this research note, we extend previously provided data for the refractive index of aqueous solutions of sodium iodide (NaI) for concentrations reaching the temperature-dependent solubility limit. Results are fitted onto a quadratic empirical expression relating the concentration to the refractive index. Temperature effects are also measured. The present range of indices, 1.333–1.51, covers that of typical transparent solids, from silicone elastomers to several recently introduced materials that could be manufactured using rapid prototyping. We also review briefly previous measurements of the refractive index, viscosity, and density of NaI solutions, as well as prior research that has utilized this fluid.
previous article The final stages of transition and the reattachment region in transitional separation bubbles
next article Comparison of different tracers for PIV measurements in EHD airflow

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
Abdulagatov IM, Zeinalova AB, Azizov ND (2006) Viscosity of aqueous electrolyte solutions at high temperatures and high pressure. Viscosity B-coefficient. Sodium iodide. J Chem Eng Data 51:1645–1659CrossRef
Adrian RJ, Westweel J (2011) Particle image velocimetry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Averbakh A, Shauly A, Nir A, Semiat R (1997) Slow viscous flows of highly concentrated suspensions—part I: laser-Doppler velocimetry in rectangular ducts. Int J Multiph Flow 23(3):409–424CrossRefMATH
Budwig R (1994) Refractive index matching methods for liquid flow investigations. Exp Fluids 17(5):350–355CrossRef
Chen RC (1991) Experimental and numerical studies of solid–liquid multiphase flow in pipes. PhD Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University
Chen RC, Reese J, Fan LS (1994) Flow structure in a three-dimensional bubble column and three-phase fluidized bed. AIChE J 40(7):1093–1104CrossRef
Goldsack DE, Franchetto RC (1977) The viscosity of concentrated electrolyte solutions. I. Concentrated dependence at fixed temperature. Can J Chem 55:1062–1072CrossRef
Goldsack DE, Franchetto RC (1978) The viscosity of concentrated electrolyte solutions. II. Temperature dependence. Can J Chem 56:1442–1450CrossRef
Hong J, Katz J, Schultz MP (2011) Near-wall turbulence statistics and flow structures over 3D roughness in a turbulent channel flow. J Fluid Mech 667:1–37CrossRefMATH
Jiang J, Sandler S (2003) A new model for the viscosity of electrolyte solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:6267–6272CrossRef
Kacperska A, Taniewska-Osinska S, Bald A, Szejgis A (1989) Influence of ionic association on the B coefficient of the Jones–Dole equation for NaI in water-tert-butyl alcohol mixtures at 26 °C. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 85:4147–4155CrossRef
Lengyel S, Giber J, Holderit J, Tamas J (1964) Study of viscosity of aqueous alkali halide solutions. J Acta Chim Hung 40:125–143
Narrow TL, Yoda M, Abdel-Khalik SI (2000) A simple model for the refractive index of sodium iodide aqueous solutions. Exp Fluids 28(3):282–283CrossRef
Northrup MA, Kulp TJ, Angel SM (1991) Fluorescent particle image velocimetry: application to flow measurement in refractive index-matched porous-media. Appl Opt 30(21):3034–3040CrossRef
Okumra M, Yuki K, Hashizume H, Sagara A (2005) Evaluation of flow structure in packed-bed tube by visualization experiment. Fusion Sci Technol 47(4):1089–1093
Parker J, Merati P (1996) An investigation of turbulent Taylor–Couette flow using laser doppler velocimetry in a refractive index matched facility. J Fluids Eng Trans ASME 118(4):810–818CrossRef
Shida S, Kosukegawa H, Ohta M (2011) Development of a methodology for adaptation of refractive index under controlling kinematic viscosity for PIV. In: Proceedings of the ASME, Colorado USA
Stoots C, Becker S, Condie K, Durst F, McEligot D (2001) A large-scale matched index of refraction flow facility for LDA studies around complex geometries. Exp Fluids 30:391–398CrossRef
Talapatra S, Katz J (2012) Coherent structures in the inner part of a rough-wall channel flow resolved using holographic PIV. J Fluid Mech 711:161–170CrossRefMATHMathSciNet
Uzol O, Chow YC, Katz J, Meneveau C (2002) Unobstructed particle image velocimetry measurements within an axial turbo-pump using liquid and blades with matched refractive indices. Exp Fluids 33(6):909–919CrossRef
Wiederseiner S, Andreini N, Epely-Chauvin G, Ancey C (2011) Refractive-index and density matching in concentrated particle suspensions: a review. Exp Fluids 50(5):1183–1206CrossRef
Wildman DJ, Ekmann JM, Kadambi JR, Chen RC (1992) Study of the flow properties of slurries using the refractive index matching technique LDV. Powder Technol 73(3):211–218CrossRef
Wu HX, Miorini RL, Katz J (2011) Measurements of the tip leakage vortex structures and turbulence in the meridional plane of an axial water-jet pump. Exp Fluids 50(4):989–1003CrossRef
Yousif MY, Holdsworth DW, Poepping TL (2011) A blood-mimicking fluid for particle image velocimetry with silicone vascular models. Exp Fluids 50:769–774CrossRef
Yuki K, Okumura M, Hashizume H, Toda S, Morley NB, Sagara A (2008) Flow visualization and heat transfer characteristics for sphere-packed pipes. J Thermophys Heat Transf 22(4):632–648CrossRef
Zaytsev ID, Aseyev MA (1992) Properties of aqueous solutions of electrolyte. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Zerai B, Saylor BZ, Kadambi JR, Oliver MJ, Mazaheri AR, Ahmadi G, Bromhal GS, Smith DH (2005) Flow characterization through a network cell using particle image velocimetry. Transp Porous Media 60:159–181CrossRef
Metadata
Title
On the refractive index of sodium iodide solutions for index matching in PIV
Authors
Kunlun Bai
Joseph Katz
Publication date
01-04-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Experiments in Fluids / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0723-4864
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-014-1704-x

Other articles of this Issue 4/2014

Experiments in Fluids 4/2014 Go to the issue

Research Article

Experimental study on the reduction of skin frictional drag in pipe flow by using convex air bubbles

Research Article

Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of fuel spray structure variation in a spark-ignition direct-injection optical engine

Research Article

Lagrangian measurements of the fast evaporation of falling diethyl ether droplets using in-line digital holography and a high-speed camera

Research Article

Velocity field, surface profile and curvature resolution of steep and short free-surface waves

Research Article

High-speed monodisperse droplet generation by ultrasonically controlled micro-jet breakup

Research Article

Bayesian inference applied to spatio-temporal reconstruction of flows around a NACA0012 airfoil

Premium Partners

    Image Credits