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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. Ontology-Based Structured Video Annotation for Content-Based Video Retrieval via Spatiotemporal Reasoning

Author : Leslie F. Sikos

Published in: Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image and Video Analysis

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The constantly increasing popularity and ubiquity of videos urges efficient automated mechanisms for processing video contents, which is a big challenge due to the huge gap between what software agents can obtain from signal processing and what humans can comprehend based on cognition, knowledge, and experience. Automatically extracted low-level video features typically do not correspond to concepts, persons, and events depicted in videos. To narrow the Semantic Gap, the depicted concepts and their spatial relations can be described in a machine-interpretable form using formal definitions from structured data resources. Rule-based mechanisms are efficient in describing the temporal information of actions and video events.

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previous chapter Model-Based 3D Object Recognition in RGB-D Images

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OWL classes and properties correspond to description logic concepts and roles. Individuals are called the same way in both the OWL and the description logic terminology.

The description logic concepts and roles do not follow the general capitalization rules of English grammar; instead, they purposefully capitalize each word to make them easier to read. In concrete examples for concept names, the first letter of the identifier and the first letter of each subsequent concatenated word are capitalized (PascalCase), for role names, the first letter of the identifier is lowercase and the first letter of each subsequent concatenated word is capitalized (camelCase), and individual names are written in ALL CAPS.

The formal definition of an ontology depends on its logical underpinning, but the most expressive OWL 2 ontologies defined here are supersets of all the ontologies that utilize less expressive formalisms. Most OWL 2 ontologies do not exploit all the available mathematical constructors of the underlying logical underpinning.

Often abbreviated with the first three letters as Asy(R), Ref(R), Irr(R), and Dis(R, S).

The type (isA) relationship is typically reused from the RDF vocabulary (rdf:type).

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It is a common practice to abbreviate terms using the namespace mechanism, which uses a prefix instead of full (and often symbolic) URIs. For example, schema: abbreviates http://schema.org/, therefore schema:Clip stands for http://schema.org/Clip.

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The temporal existential quantifier \(\diamond \) introduces interval variables related to each other and to variable \(\sharp \) (now, a special temporal variable which serves as a reference) according to a set of temporal constraints.

\(\star \) distinguishes parametric and non-parametric features and is not an operator.

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Title: Ontology-Based Structured Video Annotation for Content-Based Video Retrieval via Spatiotemporal Reasoning
Author: Leslie F. Sikos
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image and Video Analysis
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73890-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-73891-8

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73891-8_6

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