Optimization of Multi-level HEED Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Increasing the lifetime of the wireless sensor network after deployment is a challenge. Thus, the one-hop routing protocols associated with agglomeration techniques are not scalable resistant for the large wireless sensor network. In this paper, we try to remedy these problems, by proposing a new approach based on the hierarchical routing technique (multi-hop), this approach presents a solution to maximize the lifetime of the large wireless sensor network. Our approach consists of the design of a new ML-HEED (Multi level Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed approach) protocol. ML-HEED is a multi-hop routing protocol, this protocol is based on the HEED protocol to organize the wireless sensor network into clusters. A cluster is formed by a set of sensor nodes and elected sensor node. Multi-hop communication takes place between the elected nodes and the base station. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this protocol in maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this approach, we have noticed, the further the base station is, the more the elected nodes consume more energy, in order to route their data to the latter. Thus, in this paper, we will propose an optimization of the Multi-Level HEED protocol in terms of energy consumption. This optimization method takes into account two criteria for the selection of the elected nodes of the higher levels: the distance between the elected nodes and the base station, and the residual energy of each elected node of higher-level. this method becomes effective when the elected nodes are far from the base station.

This approach has been evaluated by simulation according to existing metrics and new proposed metrics and they have proven their performance.