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Published in:
Why Green and Sustainable Pharmacy? Read chapter Read first chapter

2010 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Options for a More Environmentally Friendly Handling of Pharmaceuticals

Authors : Konrad Götz, Jutta Deffner

Published in: Green and Sustainable Pharmacy

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Findings from a large number of studies on pharmaceutical residues in the water cycle, particularly drinking water, are now available (for an overview see Schulte-Oehlmann et al. 2007, Sumpter, Chap.​ 2, this book). The paths by which they enter the environment are also known. In the course of normal use, medications are taken by patients, metabolised within the body and subsequently excreted, largely in urine. Human pharmaceuticals can also end up in the water cycle as a result of inappropriate household disposal via the washbasin or toilet.

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previous chapter Rational Design of Molecules by Life Cycle Engineering
next chapter Disposal of Pharmaceutical Waste in Households – A European Survey
Footnotes
1
All three strategic approaches have been addressed in the project start – strategies for dealing with active pharmaceutical substances in drinking water”. The project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (http://​www.​start-project.​de).
 
2
For the methodology of interviews based on topic guides and content analysis see, for example, Lamnek (2005).
 
3
Another important objective is to reduce air pollutant emissions from the transport sector and thermal power plants.
 
4
Stockholm Län Landsting can be translated as Stockholm County.
 
5
The Moral Hazard thesis assumes that health insurance companies and state health care systems induce people to make a greater claim on medical services than is actually necessary. The reason for this is that each insured person is keen to enjoy as many benefits as possible, since contributions are levied regardless of individual claims. In addition, the insured person is afraid of getting a raw deal if they only demand a minimal degree of medical attention and thus find themselves financing the “entitlement mentality” of others. Such behaviour is not immoral, but economic (Bertelsmann-Stiftung 2006).
 
6
LKI is the German abbreviation for benefit and cost information.
 
7
In June 2009 the main German reverse logistic cancelled their services due to changes in the German legislation on packaging. This makes the need for a clear and easy to understand return system for unused drugs even more urgent.
 
8
From correspondence with Siv Martini, Stockholm County Council, Department of Drug Management and Informatics in May/June 2007.
 
9
DDD: Defined Daily Dose.
 
10
A total of 24.4 billion DDD were sold in Germany in 2005 (Schwabe and Pfaffrath 2006).
 
11
Here we drew upon the cost of other comparable (national and long-term) PR campaigns about sustainable consumption.
 
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Metadata
Title
Options for a More Environmentally Friendly Handling of Pharmaceuticals
Authors
Konrad Götz
Jutta Deffner
Copyright Year
2010
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Green and Sustainable Pharmacy

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05198-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-05199-9

Copyright Year: 2010

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9_10