2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Screening and Tissue Engineering
Authors : Zongjie Wang, Roya Samanipour, Keekyoung Kim
Published in: Biomedical Engineering: Frontier Research and Converging Technologies
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
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Developments in micro- and nanofluidic technologies have led to new kinds of cell culture and screening systems that are collectively termed organ-on-a-chip systems. Organ-on-a-chip systems are
in vitro
microfabricated devices that mimic dynamic interactions of
in vivo
microenvironments. In addition to existing two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell tissues, organ-on-a-chip systems can mimic the biomechanical and biochemical microenvironment of
in vivo
tissues as well as the interaction effect of the microenvironment on cell and tissue functions. Due to these features, organ-on-a-chip systems have become excellent platforms for drug screening and delivery test and tissue engineering. In this review, specific examples of various types of organ-on-a-chip devices and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery test are discussed. The ready feasibility and performance of current state-of-the-art organ-on-a-chip systems, including lung-on-a-chip, heart-on-a-chip, liver-on-a-chip, vessel-on-a-chip, and tumor-on-a-chip are also covered in this chapter. The limitations of conventional systems, basic fabrication process of organ-on-a-chip devices, and future prospective of organ-on-a-chip are discussed.