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Published in: WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 1/2009

01-02-2009 | WI – Aufsatz

Outsourcing der Informationsverarbeitung im Mittelstand: Test eines multitheoretischen Kausalmodells

Authors: Dr. Jens Dibbern, Prof. Dr. Armin Heinzl

Published in: WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK | Issue 1/2009

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Zusammenfassung

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Situation des Outsourcings der Informationsverarbeitung (IV) in einer für den Mittelstand spezifischen Branche beleuchtet. Auf Basis theoretischer Überlegungen werden die wesentlichen Determinanten des Outsourcings der IV abgeleitet und zu einem theoretischen Bezugsrahmen zusammengefasst. Dieser wird anhand von 34 kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) einem empirischen Test unterzogen. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Studie lassen sich wie folgt darstellen: Insgesamt kann der Anteil des Outsourcings der IV in KMU als moderat eingestuft werden. Die Funktionen der IV werden in KMU selektiv, d. h. in unterschiedlichem Maße ausgelagert. Während die Anwendungsentwicklung den höchsten Anteil ausmacht, verbleibt die Planung und das Management weitgehend innerhalb der Unternehmensgrenzen. Die Einschätzung interner Leistungs- und Wissensdefizite gegenüber externen Dienstleistern bildet die dominierende Determinante zur Erklärung des unterschiedlichen Grades der Auslagerung von Funktionen der Informationsverarbeitung. Demgegenüber scheinen Rationalitätskalküle wie die Berücksichtigung von Transaktionskosten und die Einschätzung der strategischen Bedeutung der IV in den Hintergrund zu rücken.
Überarbeiteter Nachdruck eines Aufsatzes aus WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 43(4)2001:339–350.

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Footnotes
1
Einer Marktstudie von IDC (Murphy et al. 1999) zufolge betrug das Marktvolumen des IV-Outsourcings in den USA im Jahr 1996 insgesamt 13 Mrd. US$ und stieg 1998 auf bereits 20,5 Mrd. US$ an. Bis zum Jahr 2003 wird ein jährliches Wachstum von 13,1 % prognostiziert, was einem Marktvolumen von 38 Mrd. US$ in 2003 entspricht. Ein Blick auf die Entwicklung des Outsourcingmarktes in Deutschland belegt, dass das Marktvolumen im Jahr 1998 insgesamt 1,7 Mrd. US$ gegenüber 1,3 Mrd. US$ in 1996 betrug (Lucacs 1998). Dies entspricht einer Relation USA:Deutschland von 12:1, die sich unter Berücksichtigung des Verhältnisses der Bruttosozialprodukte und der anteiligen IT-Ausgaben (4:1) auf eine Relation von 3:1 relativiert (OECD 2000).
 
2
Für einen Überblick über bisherige Arbeiten zu den Determinanten des Outsourcings der IV sei ebenfalls auf Dibbern et al. (2001) verwiesen.
 
3
Bislang sind den Autoren keine Studien bekannt, in denen der Machtaspekt bezogen auf einzelne Funktionen der IV untersucht wurde.
 
4
Es wurden jeweils N=200 „Bootstrap-Stichproben“ erzeugt. Daraus resultieren N-1 Freiheitsgrade.
 
5
Die gleiche Aggregation wurde von Poppo u. Zenger (1998, S. 862) in ihrer empirischen Untersuchung bezogen auf neun verschiedene IV-Funktionen vorgenommen: „...the core sample was nine IS functions across 152 companies for a total sample of 1368 information service exchanges.“ Es sei allerdings kritisch angemerkt, dass es sich nicht um unabhängige Stichproben handelt, da die Fragen bezogen auf jede der IV-Funktionen jeweils nur von einer Person innerhalb der Unternehmung beantwortet werden.
 
6
Alle signifikanten Pfade sind je nach Signifikanzniveau mit einem Sternchen (p<0,10), mit zwei (p<0,05) oder mit drei (p<0,01) Sternchen versehen.
 
7
In diesem Fall findet keine implizite Berücksichtigung von Messfehlern, die sich in der Höhe der Faktorladungen widerspiegeln, statt.
 
8
Borchers (1996, S. 86) führt an: „The concept of core competencies, while frequently mentioned in management literature and embraced in the Fortune 500 firms Loh worked with, may well be a prescription that managers in the medium sized manufacturing firms studied here have not yet come to understand and employ.“
 
9
Eine von Alpar und Ein-Dor (1991) durchgeführte Studie im US-amerikanischen Mittelstand zeigt auf, dass deren Bedürfnisse von denen großer Unternehmen abweichen. Während sich KMU auf die Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit der IV fokussieren, legen Großunternehmen das Hauptaugenmerk auf Planung und Management.
 
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Metadata
Title
Outsourcing der Informationsverarbeitung im Mittelstand: Test eines multitheoretischen Kausalmodells
Authors
Dr. Jens Dibbern
Prof. Dr. Armin Heinzl
Publication date
01-02-2009
Publisher
SP Gabler Verlag
Published in
WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK / Issue 1/2009
Print ISSN: 0937-6429
Electronic ISSN: 1861-8936
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-008-0113-2

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