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2015 | Book

Passivity-Based Control and Estimation in Networked Robotics

Authors: Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Communications and Control Engineering

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About this book

Highlighting the control of networked robotic systems, this book synthesizes a unified passivity-based approach to an emerging cross-disciplinary subject. Thanks to this unified approach, readers can access various state-of-the-art research fields by studying only the background foundations associated with passivity. In addition to the theoretical results and techniques, the authors provide experimental case studies on testbeds of robotic systems including networked haptic devices, visual robotic systems, robotic network systems and visual sensor network systems.

The text begins with an introduction to passivity and passivity-based control together with the other foundations needed in this book. The main body of the book consists of three parts. The first examines how passivity can be utilized for bilateral teleoperation and demonstrates the inherent robustness of the passivity-based controller against communication delays. The second part emphasizes passivity’s usefulness for visual feedback control and estimation. Convergence is rigorously proved even when other passive components are interconnected. The passivity approach is also differentiated from other methodologies. The third part presents the unified passivity-based control-design methodology for multi-agent systems. This scheme is shown to be either immediately applicable or easily extendable to the solution of various motion coordination problems including 3-D attitude/pose synchronization, flocking control and cooperative motion estimation.

Academic researchers and practitioners working in systems and control and/or robotics will appreciate the potential of the elegant and novel approach to the control of networked robots presented here. The limited background required and the case-study work described also make the text appropriate for and, it is hoped, inspiring to students.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter first attempts to define the term “networked robotics” in the context of this book, and specifies, among a wide range of the research field, the subjects addressed in this book, namely bilateral teleoperation, visual feedback control/estimation, and cooperative control/estimation. Then, we present comprehensive literature reviews for each research field and an overview of the contents presented in this book.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong

Passivity-Based Teleoperation

Frontmatter
Chapter 2. Foundation: Passivity, Stability and Passivity-Based Motion Control
Abstract
This chapter provides foundations not only for bilateral teleoperation but also for all of the subsequent chapters. Passivity, stability of dynamical systems, and several passivity-based motion control schemes are introduced.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 3. Scattering Variables-Based Control of Bilateral Teleoperators
Abstract
This chapter first formulates the bilateral teleoperation problem as an interconnection of passive systems, and then reviews the passivity-based scattering-wave variable-based control design. It is then pointed out that coordination of master-slave robots may fail due to loss of velocity signals or mismatch of initial conditions. In order to eliminate the problem, a new control architecture is finally presented.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 4. Synchronization of Bilateral Teleoperators
Abstract
This chapter first studies passivity of a feedback interconnection of two passive systems under input-output time delays. It is then demonstrated that, the feedback interconnection in the presence of delays is passive under appropriate passivity conditions on the individual systems. This result is then adapted to output synchronization of two passive systems. Subsequently, the result is utilized for synchronization problems for master-slave robots.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong

Passivity-Based Visual Feedback Control and Estimation

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Foundation: Rigid Motions and Image Formation
Abstract
This chapter provides foundations not only for visual feedback control and estimation, but also for all the subsequent chapters. Here, the bases of rigid motions and image formations are introduced. In particular, inherent passivity in the 3-D rigid body motion is highlighted.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 6. Passivity-Based Visual Feedback Estimation
Abstract
This chapter explores how passivity can be utilized for visual feedback estimation. In particular, we present a real-time 3-D motion estimation mechanism called visual motion observer. Then, stability and tracking performance are analyzed by making use of passivity. The visual motion observer is also extended to a panoramic camera. Finally, the observer is extended to the case where an object motion model is available for motion estimation.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 7. Passivity-Based Visual Feedback Control
Abstract
This chapter extends the results of the previous chapter to visual feedback camera control. The kinematic camera control problem is first investigated, and the control objective is proved to be achieved by using passivity. The framework is further extended to dynamic visual feedback control in the eye-in-hand configuration. There, the robot manipulator dynamics, known to be passive, is connected to the present visual feedback system via feedback connection. The preservation property of passivity allows us to analyze the stability and tracking performance of the resultant control system.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong

Passivity-Based Cooperative Control and Estimation

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Output Synchronization for Network of Passive Systems
Abstract
This chapter presents a general framework of passivity-based cooperative control strategy. Here, we address output synchronization, i.e., pairwise convergence of the outputs for multiple agents having passive dynamics interconnected by unidirectional information exchange structures. The present approach proves synchronization by using the Lyapunov function defined by the summation of the individual storage functions. Then, we show robustness of the presented passivity approach against time delays.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 9. Attitude Synchronization for Rigid Body Networks
Abstract
This chapter applies the passivity-based cooperative control strategy, presented in the previous chapter, to attitude synchronization for a network of multiple rigid bodies. Based on the inherent passivity in rigid body motion, a passivity-based attitude synchronization law is presented regarding the attitude of each rigid body as the system output, and synchronization is proved using the energy function defined in the same way as the previous chapter. We also clarify the relation between the network structure and the convergence speed, and prove synchronization in the presence of topology switches.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 10. Pose Synchronization for Rigid Body Networks
Abstract
This chapter combines the results in the previous two chapters, and addresses pose synchronization, namely synchronization of positions and orientations, for the rigid body network. A virtual leader is then introduced, and velocity synchronization to the leader’s velocity is proved. The graph condition is then relaxed from strong connectivity to the graph having a spanning tree. The results are further extended to flocking control in three dimensions, where we present a flocking algorithm that embodies all of the Reynolds rules and relies only on inter-agent relative information. This chapter also presents experimental studies for the combination of the present synchronization law and visual motion observer in Chap. 6.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Chapter 11. Cooperative Estimation for Visual Sensor Networks
Abstract
This chapter 11 presents an amalgamation of the contents in Parts II and III. Specifically, cooperative motion estimation is addressed for a networked multi-camera system. Then, the objective is set to producing estimates close to the average of perturbed object poses through inter-camera local information exchanges. To this end, a cooperative estimation algorithm is presented, where the local motion estimation based on the visual motion observer in Chap. 6 and local interactions based on the pose synchronization law in Chap. 10 are concurrently executed. Then, the averaging performance is analyzed for both static and moving objects.
Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, Masayuki Fujita, Mark W. Spong
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Passivity-Based Control and Estimation in Networked Robotics
Authors
Takeshi Hatanaka
Nikhil Chopra
Masayuki Fujita
Mark W. Spong
Copyright Year
2015
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-15171-7
Print ISBN
978-3-319-15170-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15171-7