Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Algebraic Multigrid on a Dragonfly Network: First Experiences on a Cray XC30 Read chapter Read first chapter

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Performance Modeling of the HPCG Benchmark

Authors : Vladimir Marjanović, José Gracia, Colin W. Glass

Published in: High Performance Computing Systems. Performance Modeling, Benchmarking, and Simulation

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The TOP 500 list is the most widely regarded ranking of modern supercomputers, based on Gflop/s measured for High Performance LINPACK (HPL). Ranking the most powerful supercomputers is important: Hardware producers hone their products towards maximum benchmark performance, while nations fund huge installations, aiming at a place on the pedestal. However, the relevance of HPL for real-world applications is declining rapidly, as the available compute cycles are heavily overrated. While relevant comparisons foster healthy competition, skewed comparisons foster developments aimed at distorted goals. Thus, in recent years, discussions on introducing a new benchmark, better aligned with real-world applications and therefore the needs of real users, have increased, culminating in a highly regarded candidate: High Performance Conjugate Gradients (HPCG).
In this paper we present an in-depth analysis of this new benchmark. Furthermore, we present a model, capable of predicting the performance of HPCG on a given architecture, based solely on two inputs: the effective bandwidth between the main memory and the CPU and the highest occuring network latency between two compute units.
Finally, we argue that within the scope of modern supercomputers with a decent network, only the first input is required for a highly accurate prediction, effectively reducing the information content of HPCG results to that of a stream benchmark executed on one single node.
We conclude with a series of suggestions to move HPCG closer to its intended goal: a new benchmark for modern supercomputers, capable of capturing a well-balanced mixture of relevant hardware properties.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Modeling Stencil Computations on Modern HPC Architectures
next chapter On the Performance Prediction of BLAS-based Tensor Contractions
Literature
1.
Alverson, B., Froese, E., Kaplan, L., Roweth, D.: Cray xc\({\textregistered }\) series network
2.
Alverson, R., Roweth, D., Kaplan, L.: The gemini system interconnect. In: 2010 IEEE 18th Annual Symposium on High Performance Interconnects (HOTI), pp. 83–87. IEEE (2010)
3.
Ashby, S.F., Falgout, R.D.: A parallel multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm for groundwater flow simulations. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 124(1), 145–159 (1996)
4.
Bailey, D.H., Barszcz, E. Barton, J.T., Browning, D.S., Carter, R.L., Dagum, L., Fatoohi, R.A., Frederickson, P.O., Lasinski, T.A., Schreiber, R.S., Simon, H.D., Venkatakrishnan, V., Weeratunga, S.K.: The NAS parallel benchmarks—summary and preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, Supercomputing 1991, pp. 158–165, ACM, New York (1991)
5.
Bailey, D.H., Barszcz, E., Barton, J.T., Browning, D.S., Carter, R.L., Fatoohi, R.A., Frederickson, P.O., Lasinski, T.A., Simon, H.D., Venkatakrishnan, V., Weeratunga, S.K.: The NAS parallel benchmarks. Technical report, The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications (1991)
6.
7.
Bolz, J., Farmer, I., Grinspun, E., Schröoder, P.: Sparse matrix solvers on the GPU: conjugate gradients and multigrid. In: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), vol. 22, pp. 917–924. ACM, New York (2003)
8.
Buluc, A., Williams, S., Oliker, L., Demmel, J.: Reduced-bandwidth multithreaded algorithms for sparse matrix-vector multiplication. In: 2011 IEEE International on Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), pp. 721–733. IEEE (2011)
9.
Cappello, F., Etiemble, D.: MPI versus MPI+OpenMP on the IBM SP for the NAS benchmarks. In: ACM/IEEE 2000 Conference Supercomputing, p. 12. IEEE (2000)
10.
Demmel, J., Hoemmen, M., Mohiyuddin, M., Yelick, K.: Avoiding communication in sparse matrix computations. In: IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, IPDPS 2008, pp. 1–12. IEEE (2008)
11.
Dongarra, J., Heroux, M.A.: Toward a new metric for ranking high performance computing systems. Sandia report, SAND2013-4744, 312 (2013)
12.
Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P.: HPCG: one year later. In: ISC 2014 (2014)
13.
Heroux, M.A., Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P.: HPCG benchmark technical specification. Technical report, October 2013
14.
Hoefler, T., Gropp, W., Thakur, R., Träff, J.L.: Toward performance models of MPI implementations for understanding application scaling issues. In: Keller, R., Gabriel, E., Resch, M., Dongarra, J. (eds.) EuroMPI 2010. LNCS, vol. 6305, pp. 21–30. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) CrossRef
15.
Hoefler, T., Lumsdaine, A., Rehm, W.: Implementation and performance analysis of non-blocking collective operations for MPI. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, SC 2007, pp. 1–10. IEEE (2007)
16.
Luszczek, P., Dongarra, J.J., Koester, D., Rabenseifner, R., Lucas, B., Kepner, J., McCalpin, J., Bailey, D., Takahashi, D.: Introduction to the HPC Challenge Benchmark Suite. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2005)
17.
Muller, M.S., van Waveren, M., Lieberman, R., Whitney, B., Saito, H., Kumaran, K., Baron, J., Brantley, W.C., Parrott, C., Elken, T., et al.: SPEC MPI2007an application benchmark suite for parallel systems using MPI. Concurr. Comput.: Prac. Exp. 22(2), 191–205 (2010)
18.
19.
Shalf, J., Dosanjh, S., Morrison, J.: Exascale computing technology challenges. In: Palma, J.M.L.M., Daydé, M., Marques, O., Lopes, J.C. (eds.) VECPAR 2010. LNCS, vol. 6449, pp. 1–25. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef
20.
Smith, J.E., Taylor, W.R.: Accurate modelling of interconnection networks in vector supercomputers. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Supercomputing, pp. 264–273. ACM, New York (1991)
21.
Szebenyi, Z., Wylie, B.J.N., Wolf, F.: SCALASCA parallel performance analyses of SPEC MPI2007 applications. In: Kounev, S., Gorton, I., Sachs, K. (eds.) SIPEW 2008. LNCS, vol. 5119, pp. 99–123. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef
22.
Xu, Z., Hwang, K.: Modeling communication overhead: MPI and MPL performance on the IBM SP2. IEEE Parallel Distrib. Technol.: Syst. Appl. 4(1), 9–24 (1996)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Performance Modeling of the HPCG Benchmark
Authors
Vladimir Marjanović
José Gracia
Colin W. Glass
Copyright Year
2015
Book
High Performance Computing Systems. Performance Modeling, Benchmarking, and Simulation

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17247-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-17248-4

Copyright Year: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17248-4_9